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[ AN AUTUNOMOUS INSTITUTION ]
R23 MA303PC B.TECH. CSE-IT 2ND YEAR 1ST SEM.
[ 2024- 2025 BATCH ]

SUB: COMPUTER ORIENTED STATISTICAL METHODS

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

UNIT – I [ PROBABILITY ]
1. Define random experiment.
2. What is the classical definition of probability ?
3. State the addition theorem of probability.
4. Define random variable.
5. Define distribution function.
UNIT – II [ EXPECTATION AND DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS ]

1. If 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 are two independent r.v.s such that 𝐸𝐸(2𝑋𝑋 + 𝑌𝑌) = 0 and 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋 + 2𝑌𝑌) = 33,
then find 𝐸𝐸(𝑋𝑋) + 𝐸𝐸(𝑌𝑌).
2. Define Binomial distribution.
3. What is the mean and standard deviation of Binomial distribution ?
4. Define Poisson distribution.
5. If 2 % of light bulbs are defective, find the probability of atleast one is defective.
UNIT – III [ CONTINUOUS AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS ]
1. State the properties of Uniform distribution.
2. Define Normal distribution.
3. Define Standard Normal distribution.
4. Define Standardised Sample Mean.

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5. Define F- distribution.
UNIT –IV [ SAMPLE ESTIMATION & TESTS OF HYPOTHESES ]
1. Define Parameter.
2. Define Estimator.
3. A population random variable has mean 100 and standard deviation of 16. What
are the mean and standard deviation of the sample mean for the random samples of
size 4 drawn with replacement ?
4. It is desired to estimate the mean number of hours of continuous use until a certain
computer will first require repairs. If it can be assumed that 𝝈𝝈 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 hours, how large a
sample be needed so that one will be able to assert with 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗% confidence that the
sample mean is off by at most 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 hours ?
5. What is the range of F- distribution ?

UNIT –V [ STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND MARKOV CHAINS ]

1. Define Dependent Stochastic Process.
2. Define Time Average of a Stochastic Process.
3. Define Markov Chain.
4. Define irreducible Markov Chain .
5. What are the advantages of Markov analysis.

IMPORTANT LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

UNIT – I [ PROBABILITY ]
1. A class consists of 6 girls and 10 boys. If a committee of 3 is chosen at random from
the class, find the probability that (i) 3 boys are selected (ii) exactly 2 girls are selected.
2. Out of 15 items, 4 items are not in good condition. 4 items are selected at random.
Find the probability that (i) all are not good (ii) two are not good.
3. Three Students A, B, C are in running race. A and B have the same probability of
winning and each is twice as likely to win as C. Find the probability that B or C wins
the race.

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4. A random variable X has probability function given by

𝑋𝑋 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 𝑥𝑥) 0 𝑘𝑘 2 𝑘𝑘 2 𝑘𝑘 3 𝑘𝑘 𝑘𝑘 2 2𝑘𝑘 2 7𝑘𝑘 2 + 𝑘𝑘
Find (i) 𝑘𝑘 (ii) evaluate 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 < 6) (iii) 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 ≥ 6) (iv) 𝑃𝑃(0 < 𝑋𝑋 < 5) (v) 𝑃𝑃(0 ≤ 𝑋𝑋 ≤ 4).

5. Let X denote the minimum of the two numbers that appear when a pair of fair dice
is thrown once. Determine (i) the discrete probability distribution (ii) Expectation.

UNIT – II [ EXPECTATION AND DISCRETE DISTRIBUTIONS ]

1. A continuous random variable X has probability density function

given by 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) = 𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 , 0 ≤ 𝑥𝑥 ≤ 1
= 0, 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 .
If the mean of the distribution is 1/3 ,find the values of 𝑎𝑎 and 𝑏𝑏.
2. A random sample with replacement of size 2 is taken from 𝑆𝑆 = { 1, 2, 3 } . Let the
random variable X denote the sum of two numbers taken then, write the probability
distribution of X.
𝟒𝟒
3. For a Binomial distribution 𝝁𝝁′𝟏𝟏 = 𝟒𝟒 and 𝝁𝝁𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑 . Find 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿 ≥ 𝟏𝟏).
4. Ten coins are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting atleast 7 Heads.
1
5. If 𝑋𝑋 ∼ 𝑃𝑃(𝜆𝜆) ∋ 3𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 4) = 2 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 2) + 𝑃𝑃(𝑋𝑋 = 0). Find 𝜇𝜇2 .
UNIT – III [ CONTINUOUS AND SAMPLING DISTRIBUTIONS ]
1. 𝑋𝑋 and 𝑌𝑌 are two independent r.v.s with variance 1 and 2 respectively.
Let 𝑍𝑍 = 𝑋𝑋 − 𝑌𝑌. Find the variance of 𝑍𝑍.

2. If 𝑿𝑿 ∼ 𝑵𝑵(𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 , 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐), Find (i) 𝑷𝑷(𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ≤ 𝑿𝑿 ≤ 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒) (ii) 𝑷𝑷(𝑿𝑿 ≥ 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒).

3. Given that the mean height of students in a class is 158 cms with standard
deviation of 20 cms. How many students height lie between 150 cms and 170 cms, if
there are 100 students in the class.

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4. A population consists of five numbers 2, 3, 6, 8, 11. Consider all possible

samples of size 2 which can be drawn with replacement from this population Find
(i) the mean of the population
(ii) standard deviation of the population
(iii) the mean of the sampling distribution of means
(iv) standard deviation of the sampling distribution of means (ie: the standard error of
means)
5. For an F- distribution , find
(i) 𝐹𝐹0.05 with 𝜗𝜗1 = 7 and 𝜗𝜗2 = 15
(ii) 𝐹𝐹0.01 with𝜗𝜗1 = 24 and 𝜗𝜗2 = 19
(iii) 𝐹𝐹0.95 with 𝜗𝜗1 = 19 and 𝜗𝜗2 = 24
(iv) 𝐹𝐹0.95 with𝜗𝜗1 = 11 and𝜗𝜗2 = 15
(v) 𝐹𝐹0.99 with 𝜗𝜗1 = 28 and 𝜗𝜗2 = 12

UNIT –IV [ SAMPLE ESTIMATION & TESTS OF HYPOTHESES ]

1. The mean and standard deviation of a population are 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 and 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
respectively. If 𝒏𝒏 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓, find 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗% confidence interval for the mean.
2. 20 people were attacked by a disease and only 18 survived. Will you reject the
hypothesis that the survival rate, if attacked by this disease is 85% in favour of the
hypothesis that is more at 5% level.
3. It is claimed that a random sample of 49 tyres has a mean life of 15200 kms. This
sample was drawn from a population whose mean is 15150 kms and a standard
deviation of 1200kms. Test the significance at 0.05 level.
4. A random sample of 10 boys had the IQ’s 70,120,110,101,88, 83,95,98, 107,100.
Do these data support the assumption of a population mean IQ of 160. (𝑡𝑡 9 ,.0.05 = 2.26).
5. What is the size of the smallest sample required to estimate an unknown proportion
to within a maximum error of 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 with at least 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗% confidence.

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UNIT –V [ STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND MARKOV CHAINS ]

1. Which of the following matrices are Stochastic. ? Give reasons.

1 0 0 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 1/2 1/2 𝟎𝟎 𝟐𝟐
a. � � b. � � c. � � d. � � e. � �.
0 1 0 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏/𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏/𝟒𝟒 1/2 1/2 𝟏𝟏/𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏/𝟒𝟒
2. Test the following matrices are Stochastic or not ?
1/2 2/3 4/3 15/16 1/16 1 0
a. � � b. � � c. � �
1/2 1 1/2 2/3 4/3 1/2 1/2
3. Which of the following Stochastic matrices are regular ? Give reasons.

𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏/𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏
𝟏𝟏/𝟑𝟑 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎
a. � � b. � � c. � 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏/𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏�
𝟏𝟏/𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
𝟎𝟎 𝟎𝟎 𝟏𝟏
4. Consider the following transition probability matrix, find its graph.

E1 1 0 0 0 0
E2 ⎡1/3 0 2/3 0
⎤
0 ⎥
⎢
E3 ⎢ 0 1/3 0 2/3 0 ⎥
E4 ⎢ 0 0 1/3 0 2/3⎥
⎣
E5 0 0 0 0 1 ⎦

5. A raining process is considered as a two-state Markov Chain. If it rains, it is

considered to be in state 0 and if it does not rain, it is considered to be in state 1. The
𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒
transition probability matrix is defined by � �. Find the probability that it will
𝟎𝟎. 𝟐𝟐 𝟎𝟎. 𝟖𝟖
rain for 3 days from today, assuming that it is raining today. Assume that the mutual
probability of state 0 and state 1 as 𝟎𝟎. 𝟒𝟒 and 𝟎𝟎. 𝟔𝟔 respectively.

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