135
135
135
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 46 to 50.
WHY WE NEED TO PROTECT POLAR BEARS?
Polar bears are being (46) _______ threatened by the effects of climate change, but their disappearance could have
far-reaching consequences. They are uniquely adapted to the extreme conditions of the Arctic Circle, (47) _______
temperatures can reach -40°C. One reason for this is that they have up to 11 centimetres of fat underneath their skin.
Humans with comparative levels of adipose tissue would be considered obese and would be likely to suffer from
diabetes and heart disease. (48) _______ the polar bear experiences no such consequences.
A 2014 study by Shi Ping Liu and colleagues sheds light on this mystery. They compared the genetic structure
of polar bears with (49) _______ of their closest relatives from a warmer climate, the brown bears. This allowed
them to determine the genes that have allowed polar bears to survive in one of the toughest environments on Earth.
Liu and his colleagues found the polar bears had a gene known as APOB, which reduces levels of low-density
lipoproteins (LDLs) - a form of 'bad' cholesterol. In humans, mutations of this gene are (50) _______ with increased
risk of heart disease. Polar bears may therefore be an important study model to understand heart disease in humans.
(Adapted from Cambridge English Academic IELTS 16 by Cambridge University Press)
Question 46. A. increase B. increasing C. increasingly D. increasable
Question 47. A. which B. that C. who D. where
Question 48. A. So B. Yet C. For instance D. And
Question 49. A. this B. such C. none D. that
Question 50. A. dealed B. confronted C. covered D. associated