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 Essentials of
Oral Biology

Oral Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and

Embryology

Second Edition
 Essentials of
Oral Biology

Oral Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and

Embryology

Second Edition

Maji Jose MDS, PhD

Professor and Head
Department of Oral Pathology
Yenepoya Dental College and
Hospital
Yenepoya University
Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018
Karnataka, India
Email: majiajoyin@yahoo.co.in
 CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt Ltd
New Delhi • Bengaluru • Chennai • Kochi • Mumbai •
Kolkata
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Disclaimer

Science and technology are constantly changing fields. New research and
experience broaden the scope of information and knowledge. The authors
have tried their best in giving information available to them while preparing
the material for this book. Although, all efforts have been made to ensure
optimum accuracy of the material, yet it is quite possible some errors might
have been left uncorrected. The publisher, the printer and the authors will not
be held responsible for any inadvertent errors, omissions or inaccuracies.

eISBN: 978-93-877-4261-1

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 Foreword

O ral biology, which includes oral anatomy, histology, physiology and

embryology is one of the most important and useful subjects among the
various basic science subjects, in the dental curriculum. Understanding
of this subject widens the mental comprehension and strengthens the basic
concepts of different dental science specialties. A thorough knowledge of this
subject is sure to mould a dental student into an effective and efficient
clinician.
I am happy that Dr Maji Jose is bringing out a textbook Essentials of
Oral Biology (Oral Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and Embryology)
for students pursuing dentistry. Visualizing the integrated perspective of the
subject, she has been successful in gathering together the diverse elements of
oral biological sciences, which in the past had been scattered throughout
many textbooks. I am sure that this book will be useful for dental students to
improve their knowledge in oral biological sciences as well as to help them to
confidently face the exam.
I hope that this work will receive the deserved attention and
encouragement from both dental students and teachers.
I wish the author and this book all success.

BH Sripathi Rao MDS

Principal
Yenepoya Dental College and Hospital
Former Executive Committee Member;
Dental Council of India
 Contributors

▪ Dr Heera R
Professor, Department of Oral Pathology
Government Dental College
Thiruvananthapuram

▪ Dr Girish KL
Professor, Department of Oral Pathology
Sri Mookambika Institute of Dental Sciences
Kulasekaram, Kanyakumari
Tamil Nadu

▪ Dr Rajeesh Mohammed PK
Professor, Department of Oral Pathology
KMCT Dental College
Mukkam, Kozhikode
Kerala

▪ Dr Usha Balan
Assistant Professor
College of Dentistry
King Khalid University
Abah, KSA

▪ Dr Ajeesha Feroz
Department of Oral Pathology
Mahe Institute of Dental Sciences
Mahe, UT of Puducherry
 Preface to Second Edition

T he textbook Essentials of Oral Biology presents all subsections of Oral

Biology in single book, described in five sections: Oral Embryology,
Oral Histology, Oral and Dental Anatomy, Oral Physiology and Allied
Topics. This text provides a comprehensive coverage of all the topics
included in the curriculum specified by Dental Council of India and various
Indian universities. Different topics are dealt in detail in 50 chapters with
flowcharts, tables and color diagrams to make learning more simple and
pleasant. This book also includes an additional section on expected questions
from each chapter, commonly asked in examinations of various Indian
universities, to assist the students in examination preparations.
This book has been designed in a way to keep the characteristics of a
standard textbook for undergraduate students. The topics are explained in
simple and lucid language. Concepts are presented in a simple and clear
manner to help an undergraduate student develop a comprehensive
knowledge in this basic science subject which makes a sound base for
learning pathologic basis of diseases.
I am gratified that original edition has received a good response. A positive
feedback on the first edition of the book and various encouraging comments
received from students and teachers, who have used the book, has encouraged
me to come out with second edition. The second edition is a revised and
updated version with flowcharts, more tables and color diagrams to further
ease the learning process. A discussion on clinical considerations is added to
each chapter in order to guide the students to clinical application of oral
biology. While preparing the second edition, I have followed the original
policy “simple presentation and lucid language” which enables a self-study.
I offer this book to the dental students, hoping that this will ensure an
enjoyable and rewarding study of oral biology.
Maji Jose
 Acknowledgements

I thank God Almighty for all the blessings He has showered on me in this
venture. The preparation of this textbook was possible only with the help
and cooperation of a number of people.
I would like to express my gratitude to Dr Sripathi Rao, Principal,
Yenepoya Dental College, for his kind words of encouragement and moral
support, received at every stage of the preparation of this book. I also thank
him for writing the Foreword to the book.
I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Dr Heera R, faculty of Oral
Pathology, Government Dental College, Thiruvananthapuram, my teacher
and friend, for giving me all guidance, moral support, and for sharing her
knowledge at different stages of my work, and also for contribution in the
book.
I gratefully acknowledge the constant support of Dr Rajeesh Mohammed
PK, Dr Girish KL, Dr Usha Balan and Dr Ajeesha Firoz who have also
contributed chapters to this book. I am indebted to Head of the Department
and all my colleagues of Department of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental
College, Mangalore, especially Dr Joshy, Dr Meera and Dr Haziel Diana
Jenifer, for their constructive suggestions and timely support.
The talented staff of CBS Publishers & Distributors deserve praise for their
role in shaping this book.
I owe a great deal of regard and gratitude to my parents, teachers and
beloved students who have played a major role in making me what I am
today. I thank my husband Mr Ajoy S. Joseph, and my children, Joe and Jiya,
who stood by me at all the stages and exhibited patience and affection which
enabled me to carry on with the work smoothly.
We would like to thank Mr S.K. Jain (CMD), Mr. Varun Jain (Director),
Mr. YN Arjuna (Senior Vice President – Publishing and Editorial), and Mr.
Ashish Dixit (Business Head – Digital Publishing, Marketing & Sales) and
his team at CBS Publishers & Distributors Pvt. Ltd. for their skill,
enthusiasm, support, patience and excellent professional approach in
producing and publishing this eBook.
Finally, I thank each and everyone whose contribution, direct or indirect,
has made the preparation of this book a pleasant task.

Maji Jose
 Syllabus

Oral Biology course includes instructions in the subject of Dental

Morphology, Oral Embryology, Oral Histology and Oral Physiology.

I. TOOTH MORPHOLOGY

1. Introduction to tooth morphology: Human dentition, types of

teeth, function, Palmer’s and binomial notation systems, tooth
surfaces, their junctions—line angles and point angles, definition of
terms used in dental morphology, geometric concepts in tooth
morphology, contact areas and embrasures—clinical significance.
2. Morphology of permanent teeth: Description of individual teeth,
including a note on their chronology of development, differences
between similar class of teeth and identification of individual teeth.
3. Morphology of deciduous teeth: Generalized differences between
deciduous and permanent teeth. Description of individual deciduous
teeth, including their chronology of development.
4. Occlusion

II. ORAL EMBRYOLOGY

1. Brief review of development of face, jaws, lip, palate, and

tongue, with applied aspects.
2. Development of teeth: Detailed study of different stages of
development of crown, root and supporting tissues of tooth and
detailed study of formation of calcified tissues. Applied aspects of
 disorders in development of teeth.
3. Eruption of deciduous and permanent teeth: Mechanisms in tooth
eruption, different theories and histology of eruption, formation of
dentogingival junction, role of gubernacular cord in eruption of
permanent teeth.
4. Shedding of teeth: Mechanisms of shedding of deciduous teeth.
Complications of shedding.

III. ORAL HISTOLOGY

1. Detailed microscopic study of enamel, dentin, cementum and

pulp tissue: Age changes.
2. Detailed microscopic study of periodontal ligament and alveolar
bone: Age changes, histological changes in periodontal ligament.
3. Detailed microscopic study of oral mucosa: Variation in structure
in relation to functional requirements, mechanisms of keratinization
clinical parts of gingiva, dentogingival and mucocutaneous junctions
and lingual papillae and age changes.
4. Salivary glands: Detailed microscopic study of acini and ductal
system.
5. TM joint: Review of basic anatomical aspects and microscopic
study.
6. Maxillary sinus: Microscopic study, functions and clinical
relevance of maxillary sinus in dental practice.
7. Processing of hard and soft tissues for microscopic study:
Ground sections, decalcified sections and routine staining
procedures.

IV. ORAL PHYSIOLOGY

1. Saliva: Composition of saliva—formation of saliva and mechanisms

of secretion, functions of saliva.
2. Mastication: Masticatory force, need for mastication, peculiarities
 of masticatory muscles, masticatory cycle, masticatory reflexes and
neural control of mastication.
3. Deglutition: Review of the steps in deglutition, swallowing in
infants, neural control of deglutition.
4. Calcium and phosphorus metabolism: Source, requirements,
absorption, distribution, functions and excretion, clinical
considerations.
5. Theories of mineralization: Definition, mechanisms, theories of
mineralization.
6. Physiology of taste: Innervation of taste buds and taste pathway,
physiologic basis of taste sensation, age changes.
7. Physiology of speech
 About the Book
Essentials of
Oral Biology
Oral Anatomy, Histology, Physiology and
Embroyology

is the completely rewritten, thoroughly revised, fairly enlarged and

prudently updated edition of the popular book. All topics of oral biology
are described in five sections: • Oral Embryology, • Oral Histology, • Oral
and Dental Anatomy, • Oral Physiology and • Allied Topics.
This text provides a comprehensive coverage of all the topics included
in the curriculum specified by Dental Council of India and various Indian
universities.
Various topics covered in 50 different chapters, revised and updated
with flowcharts, tables and colour diagrams to make learning more simple
and pleasant. A discussion on clinical considerations is added to guide the
students to clinical application of oral biology. An additional section on
expected questions of each chapter, commonly asked in examinations of
various Indian universities, will assist the students on examination
preparations.
This book is based on more than two decades of experience of the author
as a teacher and examiner of oral biology. This edition maintains the
hallmark of the earlier edition: Lucid language and simple presentation.
 About the Author

Maji Jose MDS, PhD is currently Professor and Head,

Department of Oral Pathology, Yenepoya Dental College and
Hospital, Yenepoya University, Deralakatte, Mangalore,
Karnataka. She has more than two decades of experience in
teaching oral biology and oral pathology to undergraduate and
postgraduate students in various distinguished dental colleges such as
Manipal College of Dental Sciences, KVG Dental College, Sullia, and
Yenepoya Dental College. She has been examiner for both undergraduate
and postgraduate students at various universities.
Dr Jose, well acknowledged as a teacher, examiner and researcher,
obtained PhD in 2013 from Yenepoya University and has to her credit over
50 scientific publications in Indian and international journals of repute. Her
other textbook Manual of Oral Histology and Oral Pathology (CBS) is
well accepted and widely used by dental students and teachers of many
Indian and foreign universities.
 Contents

Foreword by BH Sripathi Rao

Contributors
Preface to Second Edition
About The Book
About The Author

Section 1: Oral Embryology

1. General Embryology
2. Development of Orofacial Structures

Section 2: Oral Histology

3. Development of Tooth
4. Enamel and Amelogenesis
5. Dentin and Dentinogenesis
6. Pulp
7. Cementum and Cementogenesis
8. Periodontal Ligament
9. Alveolar Bone
10. Oral Mucosa
11. Salivary Glands
12. Temporomandibular Joint
13. Maxillary Sinus

Section 3: Oral and Dental Anatomy

14. Introduction to Dental Anatomy
15. Deciduous Maxillary Anterior Teeth
16. Deciduous Mandibular Anterior Teeth
17. Deciduous Maxillary Molars
18. Deciduous Mandibular Molars
19. Comparison between Deciduous and Permanent Dentition
20. Permanent Maxillary Central Incisors
21. Permanent Maxillary Lateral Incisors
22. Permanent Mandibular Central Incisors
23. Permanent Mandibular Lateral Incisors
24. Permanent Maxillary Canines
25. Permanent Mandibular Canines
26. Permanent Maxillary First Premolars
27. Permanent Maxillary Second Premolars
28. Permanent Mandibular First Premolars
29. Permanent Mandibular Second Premolars
30. Permanent Maxillary First Molars
31. Permanent Maxillary Second Molars
32. Permanent Maxillary Third Molars
33. Permanent Mandibular First Molars
34. Permanent Mandibular Second Molars
35. Permanent Mandibular Third Molars
36. Occlusion

Section 4: Oral Physiology

37. Eruption
38. Shedding
39. Saliva
40. Physiology of Taste and Speech
41. Mastication
42. Deglutition
43. Calcium Phosphorus Metabolism
44. Mineralization
45. Hormonal Influence on Orofacial Structures
46. Age Changes of Oral Tissues

Section 5: Allied Topics

47. Tissue Processing
48. Microscope
49. Muscles of Orofacial Region
50. Vascular and Nerve Supply of Orofacial Region
Appendix
Section 1

Oral Embryology

1. General Embryology
2. Development of Orofacial Structures
 1
General Embryology

Formation of blastocyst
Germ layers
Neural crest cells
Pharyngeal arches and pouches

E mbryology is the study of growth and differentiation which an organism

undergo during its development from a single fertilized cell to a complex
independent living being.
Every animal starts life in the form of a simple cell, i.e. the fertilized egg or
zygote. Zygote is formed by two cells, namely the germ cells of parents.
Fertilization occurs when male and female gamates (spermatozoon and
ovum) unite to form zygote.
The intrauterine life of human beings can be devided into embryonic
period which lasts for 8 weeks after fertilization which will be followed by
fetal period which continues throughout pregnancy that ends in birth
approximately after 280 days.
After fertilization, rapid proliferation of cells takes place leading to
formation of a cell mass called morula. This morula is a “golf ball” like a
little mass of cells and consists of a group of centrally placed cells termed as
inner cell mass, surrounded by a peripheral layer of cells (Fig. 1.1). Once
morula enters into the uterine cavity by 7 to 8 days, it turns into a fluid filled
structure due to seepage of fluid, which separates the inner cell mass from
peripheral layer of cells. The resultant structure is called blastocyst (Fig. 1.2).
This blastocyst is lined by a layer of cells called trophoblasts. The
trophoblasts are derived from the outer layer of morula, which later gives rise
to placenta and is also involved in implantation of the embryo. Within the
blastocyst, the inner cell mass can be seen attached to one side of the inner
aspect. This inner cell mass or embryoblasts forms the embryonic stem cells
that gives rise to embryo.

Fig. 1.1: Morula

Fig. 1.2: Blastocyst

At this stage, the blastocyst has two different types of cells. The inner cell
mass that occupies the center portion and an outer layer that surrounds this
cell mass. As the blastocyst develops further, some cells of the inner cell
mass differentiate into flattened cells and line the free surface while the other
cells change into columnar cells. The flattened cells constitute the endoderm
while the columnar cells forms the ectoderm. Thus, by 8th day of gestation
the embryo appears like a ‘bilaminar circular disc’.
As the development proceeds, in a localized area close to the future
cephalic end of the disc, flattened cells of endoderm changes into columnar
cells. This circular area where the changes takes place is called ‘prochordal
plate’. The region where the prochordal plate is formed is the head end and
opposing end is tail end of the embryo. Prochordal plate provides the disc an
antero-posterior axis and a bilateral symmetry.
After the formation of the prochordal plate, the cells of ectoderm
proliferate near the tail end, forming another structure called the primitive
streak. These proliferating cells initially form a thickening and later spread
sideways between ectoderm and endoderm forming a third layer called
mesoderm. This mesodermal layer spreads and separates the ectoderm and
endoderm throughout the disc except for the circular region of prochordal
plate. So by the 16th day, the embryonic disc has three layers: Ectoderm,
endoderm and mesoderm. These three primary germ layers give rise to
different tissues and organs of our body.

Germ Layer Derivatives

Structures of Ectodermal Origin are
Cutaneous structures
• Skin and its appendages
• Oral mucous membrane
• Enamel of teeth
Neural system-central and peripheral nerve systems

Structures of Mesodermal Origin are

Cardiovascular system—heart and blood vessels
Locomotor system—bones and muscles
Connective tissue
Components of teeth other than enamel

Structures of Endodermal Origin are

Lining epithelium of respiratory tract
Lining epithelium of alimentary tract
Secretory cells of liver and pancreas
As the development progresses, the circular disc shaped embryo becomes
elongated and pear shaped. The region of prochordal plate where ectoderm
and endoderm remain in contact forms the ‘buccopharyngeal membrane’.
The cranial end of the primitive streak thickens to form primitive node.
The cells proliferate from primitive node and extend between the ectoderm
and endoderm, along the central axis up till the prochordal plate. This forms
notochordal process or head process. Ectoderm over the notochord
differentiates to form neural plate which develops an invagination and forms
the neural tube. This neural tube extends from primitive node to prochordal
plate. The cranial part of neural tube forms the brain and caudal part forms
the spinal cord.
The enlarging embryonic disc develops folds at its head end (cranial fold),
tail end (caudal fold) and laterally, making the embryo entirely covered by
ectoderm.

Neural Crest Cells

Neural crest cells are a group of pleuripotent cells that develop from
ectoderm along the lateral margins of neural plate. These cells migrate
extensively in the developing embryo between ectoderm and endoderm and
intra-mesodermally and differentiate into different types of cells that forms
various tissues of the body.
The neural crest cells move around the sides of the developing head
beneath the surface of ectoderm as sheets of cells. They migrate and form the
entire connective tissue of upper facial region; while in the lower facial
region they migrate into already existing mesenchyme. Therefore the
connective tissue beneath the developing ectoderm in this region is called
ectomesenchyme.

Derivatives of the branchial arches, pharyngeal pouches and cranial

somites
The Structures that Develop from the Neural Crest Cells
In the head and neck region neural crest cells differentiate to form most of the
connective tissue components including bone, cartilage, dermis and tissues
that form tooth except enamel and also contributes to formation of muscles
and arteries of this region.
Neural crest cells migrate to the trunk region giving rise to neural, endocrine
and pigment producing cells. In the trunk sensory ganglions, Schwann cells
and neurons are also derived from neural crest cells.
Neural crest cells have a significant role in craniofacial development and
formation of teeth. A developmental disorder called Treacher Collin
syndrome which manifest with various craniofacial developmental defects is
caused due to defective migration of neural crest cells. Defective migration of
neural crest cells can also cause defective dentition.

Branchial Arches and Pouches

The developing oral cavity, stomatodeum is situated between the developing
brain and pericardium. In the early stages, neck is not present. Later, series of
mesodermal thickenings develop in the wall of the cranial part of foregut
resulting in the formation of neck between stomodeum and pericardium.
These cylindrical thickenings are called branchial arches or pharyngeal
arches (Fig. 1.3).
Pharyngeal arches are six in number and extend from lateral wall of
pharynx, towards the medial direction, to approach its counterpart extending
from other side. The inner aspect of each arch is covered by endoderm and
outer aspect by ectoderm. The central core is made up of mesenchyme, which
is surrounded by ectomesenchyme, which is of neural crest origin. The
endoderm extends outwards between the branchial arches in the form of
pouches called pharyngeal pouches. The pharyngeal pouches meet the
ectodermal clefts which are formed by invagination of ectoderm lining the
outer surface of the pharyngeal arches.
 Fig. 1.3: Pharyngeal arches and pouches
The mesoderm of each arch gives rise to a skeletal element (which can be
either a cartilage or bone), muscle and an arterial arch. Each pharyngeal arch
has a nerve which supplies the structures that develop from that arch.
There are six pharyngeal arches. 1st arch is named as mandibular arch,
which plays a very important role in craniofacial development.
2nd arch is hyoid arch and the 5th arch disappears soon after formation.
The remaining 3, 4, 6 arches do not have specific names.
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Campbell, who stayed indoors that night, whilst he, Leonard Marvell,
when going out after dinner, impersonated the maid until he was
clear of the hotel; then he reassumed his male clothes once more,
no doubt in the deserted waiting-room of some railway station, and
met Miss Lulu Fay at supper, subsequently returning to the hotel in
the guise of the maid.
“You see the game of criss-cross, don’t you? This interchanging of
characters was bound to baffle everyone. Many clever scoundrels
have assumed disguises, sometimes personating members of the
opposite sex to their own, but never before have I known two people
play the part of three. Thus, endless contradictions followed as to the
hour when Campbell the maid went out and when she came in, for at
one time it was she herself who was seen by the valet, and at
another it was Leonard Marvell dressed in her clothes.”
He was also clever enough to accost Lord Mountnewte in the open
street, thus bringing further complications into this strange case.
After the successful robbery of Miss Fay’s diamonds, Leonard
Marvell and his wife parted for awhile. They were waiting for an
opportunity to get across the Channel and there turn their booty into
solid cash. Whilst Mrs. Marvell, alias Rosie Campbell, led a retired
life in Findlater Terrace, Leonard kept his hand in with West End
shop robberies.
Then Lady Molly entered the lists. As usual, her scheme was bold
and daring; she trusted her own intuition and acted accordingly.
When she brought home the false news that the author of the
shop robberies had been spotted by the police, Rosie Campbell’s
obvious terror confirmed her suspicions. The note written by the
latter to the so-called Miss Marvell, though it contained nothing in
any way incriminating, was the crowning certitude that my dear lady
was right, as usual, in all her surmises.
And now Mr. Leonard Marvell will be living for a couple of years at
the tax-payers’ expense; he has “disappeared” temporarily from the
public eye.
Rosie Campbell—i.e. Mrs. Marvell—has gone to Glasgow. I feel
convinced that two years hence we shall hear of the worthy couple
again.
 X.
THE WOMAN IN THE BIG HAT

Lady Molly always had the idea that if the finger of Fate had
pointed to Mathis’ in Regent Street, rather than to Lyons’, as the
most advisable place for us to have a cup of tea that afternoon, Mr.
Culledon would be alive at the present moment.
My dear lady is quite sure—and needless to say that I share her
belief in herself—that she would have anticipated the murderer’s
intentions, and thus prevented one of the most cruel and callous of
crimes which were ever perpetrated in the heart of London.
She and I had been to a matinée of “Trilby,” and were having tea
at Lyons’, which is exactly opposite Mathis’ Vienna café in Regent
Street. From where we sat we commanded a view of the street and
of the café, which had been very crowded during the last hour.
We had lingered over our toasted muffin until past six, when our
attention was drawn to the unusual commotion which had arisen
both outside and in the brilliantly lighted place over the road.
We saw two men run out of the doorway, and return a minute or
two later in company with a policeman. You know what is the
inevitable result of such a proceeding in London. Within three
minutes a crowd had collected outside Mathis’. Two or three more
constables had already assembled, and had some difficulty in
keeping the entrance clear of intruders.
But already my dear lady, keen as a pointer on the scent, had
hastily paid her bill, and, without waiting to see if I followed her or
not, had quickly crossed the road, and the next moment her graceful
form was lost in the crowd.
I went after her, impelled by curiosity, and presently caught sight of
her in close conversation with one of our own men. I have always
thought that Lady Molly must have eyes at the back of her head,
otherwise how could she have known that I stood behind her now?
Anyway, she beckoned to me, and together we entered Mathis’,
much to the astonishment and anger of the less fortunate crowd.
 The usually gay little place was indeed sadly transformed. In one
corner the waitresses, in dainty caps and aprons, had put their
heads together, and were eagerly whispering to one another whilst
casting furtive looks at the small group assembled in front of one of
those pretty alcoves, which, as you know, line the walls all round the
big tea-room at Mathis’.
Here two of our men were busy with pencil and note-book, whilst
one fair-haired waitress, dissolved in tears, was apparently giving
them a great deal of irrelevant and confused information.
Chief Inspector Saunders had, I understood, been already sent
for; the constables, confronted with this extraordinary tragedy, were
casting anxious glances towards the main entrance, whilst putting
the conventional questions to the young waitress.
And in the alcove itself, raised from the floor of the room by a
couple of carpeted steps, the cause of all this commotion, all this
anxiety, and all these tears, sat huddled up on a chair, with arms
lying straight across the marble-topped table, on which the usual
paraphernalia of afternoon tea still lay scattered about. The upper
part of the body, limp, backboneless, and awry, half propped up
against the wall, half falling back upon the outstretched arms, told
quite plainly its weird tale of death.
Before my dear lady and I had time to ask any questions,
Saunders arrived in a taxicab. He was accompanied by the medical
officer, Dr. Townson, who at once busied himself with the dead man,
whilst Saunders went up quickly to Lady Molly.
“The chief suggested sending for you,” he said quickly; “he was
’phoning you when I left. There’s a woman in this case, and we shall
rely on you a good deal.”
“What has happened?” asked my dear lady, whose fine eyes were
glowing with excitement at the mere suggestion of work.
“I have only a few stray particulars,” replied Saunders, “but the
chief witness is that yellow-haired girl over there. We’ll find out what
we can from her directly Dr. Townson has given us his opinion.”
The medical officer, who had been kneeling beside the dead man,
now rose and turned to Saunders. His face was very grave.
“The whole matter is simple enough, so far as I am concerned,” he
said. “The man has been killed by a terrific dose of morphia—
administered, no doubt, in this cup of chocolate,” he added, pointing
to a cup in which there still lingered the cold dregs of the thick
beverage.
“But when did this occur?” asked Saunders, turning to the
waitress.
“I can’t say,” she replied, speaking with obvious nervousness. “The
gentleman came in very early with a lady, somewhere about four.
They made straight for this alcove. The place was just beginning to
fill, and the music had begun.”
“And where is the lady now?”
“She went off almost directly. She had ordered tea for herself and
a cup of chocolate for the gentleman, also muffins and cakes. About
five minutes afterwards, as I went past their table, I heard her say to
him, ‘I am afraid I must go now, or Jay’s will be closed, but I’ll be
back in less than half an hour. You’ll wait for me, won’t you?’ ”
“Did the gentleman seem all right then?”
“Oh, yes,” said the waitress. “He had just begun to sip his
chocolate, and merely said ‘S’long’ as she gathered up her gloves
and muff and then went out of the shop.”
“And she has not returned since?”
“No.”
“When did you first notice there was anything wrong with this
gentleman?” asked Lady Molly.
“Well,” said the girl with some hesitation, “I looked at him once or
twice as I went up and down, for he certainly seemed to have fallen
all of a heap. Of course, I thought that he had gone to sleep, and I
spoke to the manageress about him, but she thought that I ought to
leave him alone for a bit. Then we got very busy, and I paid no more
attention to him, until about six o’clock, when most afternoon tea
customers had gone, and we were beginning to get the tables ready
for dinners. Then I certainly did think there was something wrong
with the man. I called to the manageress, and we sent for the police.”
“And the lady who was with him at first, what was she like? Would
you know her again?” queried Saunders.
“I don’t know,” replied the girl; “you see, I have to attend to such
crowds of people of an afternoon, I can’t notice each one. And she
had on one of those enormous mushroom hats; no one could have
seen her face—not more than her chin—unless they looked right
under the hat.”
“Would you know the hat again?” asked Lady Molly.
“Yes—I think I should,” said the waitress. “It was black velvet and
had a lot of plumes. It was enormous,” she added, with a sigh of
admiration and of longing for the monumental headgear.
During the girl’s narrative one of the constables had searched the
dead man’s pockets. Among other items, he had found several
letters addressed to Mark Culledon, Esq., some with an address in
Lombard Street, others with one in Fitzjohn’s Avenue, Hampstead.
The initials M. C., which appeared both in the hat and on the silver
mount of a letter-case belonging to the unfortunate gentleman,
proved his identity beyond a doubt.
A house in Fitzjohn’s Avenue does not, somehow, suggest a
bachelor establishment. Even whilst Saunders and the other men
were looking through the belongings of the deceased, Lady Molly
had already thought of his family—children, perhaps a wife, a mother
—who could tell?
What awful news to bring to an unsuspecting, happy family, who
might even now be expecting the return of father, husband, or son, at
the very moment when he lay murdered in a public place, the victim
of some hideous plot or feminine revenge!
As our amiable friends in Paris would say, it jumped to the eyes
that there was a woman in the case—a woman who had worn a
gargantuan hat for the obvious purpose of remaining unidentifiable
when the question of the unfortunate victim’s companion that
afternoon came up for solution. And all these facts to put before an
expectant wife or an anxious mother!
As, no doubt, you have already foreseen, Lady Molly took the
difficult task on her own kind shoulders. She and I drove together to
Lorbury House, Fitzjohn’s Avenue, and on asking of the manservant
who opened the door if his mistress were at home, we were told that
Lady Irene Culledon was in the drawing-room.
Mine is not a story of sentiment, so I am not going to dwell on that
interview, which was one of the most painful moments I recollect
having lived through.
 Lady Irene was young—not five-and-twenty, I should say—petite
and frail-looking, but with a quiet dignity of manner which was most
impressive. She was Irish, as you know, the daughter of the Earl of
Athyville, and, it seems, had married Mr. Mark Culledon in the teeth
of strenuous opposition on the part of her family, which was as
penniless as it was aristocratic, whilst Mr. Culledon had great
prospects and a splendid business, but possessed neither ancestors
nor high connections. She had only been married six months, poor
little soul, and from all accounts must have idolised her husband.
Lady Molly broke the news to her with infinite tact, but there it was!
It was a terrific blow—wasn’t it?—to deal to a young wife—now a
widow; and there was so little that a stranger could say in these
circumstances. Even my dear lady’s gentle voice, her persuasive
eloquence, her kindly words, sounded empty and conventional in the
face of such appalling grief.
 2

Of course, everyone expected that the inquest would reveal

something of the murdered man’s inner life—would, in fact, allow the
over-eager public to get a peep into Mr. Mark Culledon’s secret
orchard, wherein walked a lady who wore abnormally large velvet
hats, and who nourished in her heart one of those terrible grudges
against a man which can only find satisfaction in crime.
Equally, of course, the inquest revealed nothing that the public did
not already know. The young widow was extremely reticent on the
subject of her late husband’s life, and the servants had all been fresh
arrivals when the young couple, just home from their honeymoon,
organised their new household at Lorbury House.
There was an old aunt of the deceased—a Mrs. Steinberg—who
lived with the Culledons, but who at the present moment was very ill.
Someone in the house—one of the younger servants, probably—
very foolishly had told her every detail of the awful tragedy. With
positively amazing strength, the invalid thereupon insisted on making
a sworn statement, which she desired should be placed before the
coroner’s jury. She wished to bear solemn testimony to the integrity
of her late nephew, Mark Culledon, in case the personality of the
mysterious woman in the big hat suggested to evilly disposed minds
any thought of scandal.
“Mark Culledon was the one nephew whom I loved,” she stated
with solemn emphasis. “I have shown my love for him by
bequeathing to him the large fortune which I inherited from the late
Mr. Steinberg. Mark was the soul of honour, or I should have cut him
out of my will as I did my other nephews and nieces. I was brought
up in a Scotch home, and I hate all this modern fastness and
smartness, which are only other words for what I call profligacy.”
Needless to say, the old lady’s statement, solemn though it was,
was of no use whatever for the elucidation of the mystery which
surrounded the death of Mr. Mark Culledon. But as Mrs. Steinberg
had talked of “other nephews,” whom she had cut out of her will in
favour of the murdered man, the police directed inquiries in those
various quarters.
Mr. Mark Culledon certainly had several brothers and sisters, also
cousins, who at different times—usually for some peccadillo or other
—seemed to have incurred the wrath of the strait-laced old lady. But
there did not appear to have been any ill-feeling in the family owing
to this. Mrs. Steinberg was sole mistress of her fortune. She might
just as well have bequeathed it in toto to some hospital as to one
particular nephew whom she favoured, and the various relations
were glad, on the whole, that the money was going to remain in the
family rather than be cast abroad.
The mystery surrounding the woman in the big hat deepened as
the days went by. As you know, the longer the period of time which
elapses between a crime and the identification of the criminal, the
greater chance the latter has of remaining at large.
In spite of strenuous efforts and close questionings of every one of
the employees at Mathis’, no one could give a very accurate
description of the lady who had tea with the deceased on that fateful
afternoon.
The first glimmer of light on the mysterious occurrence was
thrown, about three weeks later, by a young woman named
Katherine Harris, who had been parlour-maid at Lorbury House
when first Mr. and Lady Irene Culledon returned from their
honeymoon.
I must tell you that Mrs. Steinberg had died a few days after the
inquest. The excitement had been too much for her enfeebled heart.
Just before her death she had deposited £250 with her banker,
which sum was to be paid over to any person giving information
which would lead to the apprehension and conviction of the murderer
of Mr. Mark Culledon.
This offer had stimulated everyone’s zeal, and, I presume, had
aroused Katherine Harris to a realisation of what had all the while
been her obvious duty.
Lady Molly saw her in the chief’s private office, and had much ado
to disentangle the threads of the girl’s confused narrative. But the
main point of Harris’s story was that a foreign lady had once called at
Lorbury House, about a week after the master and mistress had
returned from their honeymoon. Lady Irene was out at the time, and
Mr. Culledon saw the lady in his smoking-room.
“She was a very handsome lady,” explained Harris, “and was
beautifully dressed.”
“Did she wear a large hat?” asked the chief.
“I don’t remember if it was particularly large,” replied the girl.
“But you remember what the lady was like?” suggested Lady
Molly.
“Yes, pretty well. She was very, very tall, and very good-looking.”
“Would you know her again if you saw her?” rejoined my dear lady.
“Oh, yes; I think so,” was Katherine Harris’s reply.
Unfortunately, beyond this assurance the girl could say nothing
very definite. The foreign lady seems to have been closeted with Mr.
Culledon for about an hour, at the end of which time Lady Irene
came home.
The butler being out that afternoon it was Harris who let her
mistress in, and as the latter asked no questions, the girl did not
volunteer the information that her master had a visitor. She went
back to the servants’ hall, but five minutes later the smoking-room
bell rang, and she had to run up again. The foreign lady was then in
the hall alone, and obviously waiting to be shown out. This Harris
did, after which Mr. Culledon came out of his room, and, in the girl’s
own graphic words, “he went on dreadful.”
“I didn’t know I ’ad done anything so very wrong,” she explained,
“but the master seemed quite furious, and said I wasn’t a proper
parlour-maid, or I’d have known that visitors must not be shown in
straight away like that. I ought to have said that I didn’t know if Mr.
Culledon was in; that I would go and see. Oh, he did go on at me!”
continued Katherine Harris, volubly. “And I suppose he complained
to the mistress, for she give me notice the next day.”
“And you have never seen the foreign lady since?” concluded
Lady Molly.
“No; she never come while I was there.”
“By the way, how did you know she was foreign. Did she speak
like a foreigner?”
“Oh, no,” replied the girl. “She did not say much—only asked for
Mr. Culledon—but she looked French like.”
 This unanswerable bit of logic concluded Katherine’s statement.
She was very anxious to know whether, if the foreign lady was
hanged for murder, she herself would get the £250.
On Lady Molly’s assurance that she certainly would, she departed
in apparent content.
 3

“Well! we are no nearer than we were before,” said the chief, with
an impatient sigh, when the door had closed behind Katherine
Harris.
“Don’t you think so?” rejoined Lady Molly, blandly.
“Do you consider that what we have heard just now has helped us
to discover who was the woman in the big hat?” retorted the chief,
somewhat testily.
“Perhaps not,” replied my dear lady, with her sweet smile; “but it
may help us to discover who murdered Mr. Culledon.”
With which enigmatical statement she effectually silenced the
chief, and finally walked out of his office, followed by her faithful
Mary.
Following Katherine Harris’s indications, a description of the lady
who was wanted in connection with the murder of Mr. Culledon was
very widely circulated, and within two days of the interview with the
ex-parlour-maid another very momentous one took place in the
same office.
Lady Molly was at work with the chief over some reports, whilst I
was taking shorthand notes at a side desk, when a card was brought
in by one of the men, and the next moment, without waiting either for
permission to enter or to be more formally announced, a magnificent
apparition literally sailed into the dust-covered little back office, filling
it with an atmosphere of Parma violets and russia leather.
I don’t think that I had ever seen a more beautiful woman in my
life. Tall, with a splendid figure and perfect carriage, she vaguely
reminded me of the portraits one sees of the late Empress of Austria.
This lady was, moreover, dressed to perfection, and wore a large hat
adorned with a quantity of plumes.
The chief had instinctively risen to greet her, whilst Lady Molly, still
and placid, was eyeing her with a quizzical smile.
“You know who I am, sir,” began the visitor as soon as she had
sunk gracefully into a chair; “my name is on that card. My
appearance, I understand, tallies exactly with that of a woman who is
supposed to have murdered Mark Culledon.”
She said this so calmly, with such perfect self-possession, that I
literally gasped. The chief, too, seemed to have been metaphorically
lifted off his feet. He tried to mutter a reply.
“Oh, don’t trouble yourself, sir!” she interrupted him, with a smile.
“My landlady, my servant, my friends have all read the description of
the woman who murdered Mr. Culledon. For the past twenty-four
hours I have been watched by your police, therefore I have come to
you of my own accord, before they came to arrest me in my flat. I am
not too soon, am I?” she asked, with that same cool indifference
which was so startling, considering the subject of her conversation.
She spoke English with a scarcely perceptible foreign accent, but I
quite understood what Katherine Harris had meant when she said
that the lady looked “French like.” She certainly did not look English,
and when I caught sight of her name on the card, which the chief
had handed to Lady Molly, I put her down at once as Viennese. Miss
Elizabeth Löwenthal had all the charm, the grace, the elegance,
which one associates with Austrian women more than with those of
any other nation.
No wonder the chief found it difficult to tell her that, as a matter of
fact, the police were about to apply for a warrant that very morning
for her arrest on a charge of wilful murder.
“I know—I know,” she said, seeming to divine his thoughts; “but let
me tell you at once, sir, that I did not murder Mark Culledon. He
treated me shamefully, and I would willingly have made a scandal
just to spite him; he had become so respectable and strait-laced. But
between scandal and murder there is a wide gulf. Don’t you think so,
madam,” she added, turning for the first time towards Lady Molly.
“Undoubtedly,” replied my dear lady, with the same quizzical smile.
“A wide gulf which, no doubt, Miss Elizabeth Löwenthal will best
be able to demonstrate to the magistrate to-morrow,” rejoined the
chief, with official sternness of manner.
I thought that, for the space of a few seconds, the lady lost her
self-assurance at this obvious suggestion—the bloom on her cheeks
seemed to vanish, and two hard lines appeared between her fine
eyes. But, frightened or not, she quickly recovered herself, and said
quietly:
“Now, my dear sir, let us understand one another. I came here for
that express purpose. I take it that you don’t want your police to look
ridiculous any more than I want a scandal. I don’t want detectives to
hang about round my flat, questioning my neighbours and my
servants. They would soon find out that I did not murder Mark
Culledon, of course; but the atmosphere of the police would hang
round me, and I—I prefer Parma violets,” she added, raising a
daintily perfumed handkerchief to her nose.
“Then you have come to make a statement?” asked the chief.
“Yes,” she replied; “I’ll tell you all I know. Mr. Culledon was
engaged to marry me; then he met the daughter of an earl, and
thought he would like her better as a wife than a simple Miss
Löwenthal. I suppose I should be considered an undesirable match
for a young man who has a highly respectable and snobbish aunt,
who would leave him all her money only on the condition that he
made a suitable marriage. I have a voice, and I came over to
England two years ago to study English, so that I might sing in
oratorio at the Albert Hall. I met Mark on the Calais-Dover boat,
when he was returning from a holiday abroad. He fell in love with
me, and presently he asked me to be his wife. After some demur, I
accepted him; we became engaged, but he told me that our
engagement must remain a secret, for he had an old aunt from
whom he had great expectations, and who might not approve of his
marrying a foreign girl, who was without connections and a
professional singer. From that moment I mistrusted him, nor was I
very astonished when gradually his affection for me seemed to cool.
Soon after, he informed me, quite callously, that he had changed his
mind, and was going to marry some swell English lady. I didn’t care
much, but I wanted to punish him by making a scandal, you
understand. I went to his house just to worry him, and finally I
decided to bring an action for breach of promise against him. It
would have upset him, I know; no doubt his aunt would have cut him
out of her will. That is all I wanted, but I did not care enough about
him to murder him.”
 Somehow her tale carried conviction. We were all of us obviously
impressed. The chief alone looked visibly disturbed, and I could read
what was going on in his mind.
“As you say, Miss Löwenthal,” he rejoined, “the police would have
found all this out within the next few hours. Once your connection
with the murdered man was known to us, the record of your past and
his becomes an easy one to peruse. No doubt, too,” he added
insinuatingly, “our men would soon have been placed in possession
of the one undisputable proof of your complete innocence with
regard to that fateful afternoon spent at Mathis’ café.”
“What is that?” she queried blandly.
“An alibi.”
“You mean, where I was during the time that Mark was being
murdered in a tea shop?”
“Yes,” said the chief.
“I was out for a walk,” she replied quietly.
“Shopping, perhaps?”
“No.”
“You met some one who would remember the circumstance—or
your servants could say at what time you came in?”
“No,” she repeated dryly; “I met no one, for I took a brisk walk on
Primrose Hill. My two servants could only say that I went out at three
o’clock that afternoon and returned after five.”
There was silence in the little office for a moment or two. I could
hear the scraping of the pen with which the chief was idly scribbling
geometrical figures on his blotting pad.
Lady Molly was quite still. Her large, luminous eyes were fixed on
the beautiful woman who had just told us her strange story, with its
unaccountable sequel, its mystery which had deepened with the last
phrase which she had uttered. Miss Löwenthal, I felt sure, was
conscious of her peril. I am not sufficiently a psychologist to know
whether it was guilt or merely fear which was distorting the
handsome features now, hardening the face and causing the lips to
tremble.
Lady Molly scribbled a few words on a scrap of paper, which she
then passed over to the chief. Miss Löwenthal was making visible
efforts to steady her nerves.
 “That is all I have to tell you,” she said, in a voice which sounded
dry and harsh. “I think I will go home now.”
But she did not rise from her chair, and seemed to hesitate as if
fearful lest permission to go were not granted her.
To her obvious astonishment—and, I must add, to my own—the
chief immediately rose and said, quite urbanely:
“I thank you very much for the helpful information which you have
given me. Of course, we may rely on your presence in town for the
next few days, may we not?”
She seemed greatly relieved, and all at once resumed her former
charm of manner and elegance of attitude. The beautiful face was lit
up by a smile.
The chief was bowing to her in quite a foreign fashion, and in spite
of her visible reassurance she eyed him very intently. Then she went
up to Lady Molly and held out her hand.
My dear lady took it without an instant’s hesitation. I, who knew
that it was the few words hastily scribbled by Lady Molly which had
dictated the chief’s conduct with regard to Miss Löwenthal, was left
wondering whether the woman I loved best in all the world had been
shaking hands with a murderess.
 4

No doubt you will remember the sensation which was caused by the
arrest of Miss Löwenthal, on a charge of having murdered Mr. Mark
Culledon, by administering morphia to him in a cup of chocolate at
Mathis’ café in Regent Street.
The beauty of the accused, her undeniable charm of manner, the
hitherto blameless character of her life, all tended to make the public
take violent sides either for or against her, and the usual budget of
amateur correspondence, suggestions, recriminations and advice
poured into the chief’s office in titanic proportions.
I must say that, personally, all my sympathies went out to Miss
Löwenthal. As I have said before, I am no psychologist, but I had
seen her in the original interview at the office, and I could not get rid
of an absolutely unreasoning certitude that the beautiful Viennese
singer was innocent.
The magistrate’s court was packed, as you may well imagine, on
that first day of the inquiry; and, of course, sympathy with the
accused went up to fever pitch when she staggered into the dock,
beautiful still, despite the ravages caused by horror, anxiety, fear, in
face of the deadly peril in which she stood.
The magistrate was most kind to her; her solicitor was
unimpeachably assiduous; even our fellows, who had to give
evidence against her, did no more than their duty, and were as
lenient in their statements as possible.
Miss Löwenthal had been arrested in her flat by Danvers,
accompanied by two constables. She had loudly protested her
innocence all along, and did so still, pleading “Not guilty” in a firm
voice.
The great points in favour of the arrest were, firstly, the undoubted
motive of disappointment and revenge against a faithless
sweetheart, then the total inability to prove any kind of alibi, which,
under the circumstances, certainly added to the appearance of guilt.
The question of where the fatal drug was obtained was more
difficult to prove. It was stated that Mr. Mark Culledon was director of
several important companies, one of which carried on business as
wholesale druggists.
Therefore it was argued that the accused, at different times and
under some pretext or other, had obtained drugs from Mr. Culledon
himself. She had admitted to having visited the deceased at his
office in the City, both before and after his marriage.
Miss Löwenthal listened to all this evidence against her with a
hard, set face, as she did also to Katherine Harris’s statement about
her calling on Mr. Culledon at Lorbury House, but she brightened up
visibly when the various attendants at Mathis’ café were placed in
the box.
A very large hat belonging to the accused was shown to the
witnesses, but, though the police upheld the theory that that was the
headgear worn by the mysterious lady at the café on that fateful
afternoon, the waitresses made distinctly contradictory statements
with regard to it.
Whilst one girl swore that she recognised the very hat, another
was equally positive that it was distinctly smaller than the one she
recollected, and when the hat was placed on the head of Miss
Löwenthal, three out of the four witnesses positively refused to
identify her.
Most of these young women declared that though the accused,
when wearing the big hat, looked as if she might have been the lady
in question, yet there was a certain something about her which was
different.
With that vagueness which is a usual and highly irritating
characteristic of their class, the girls finally parried every question by
refusing to swear positively either for or against the identity of Miss
Löwenthal.
“There’s something that’s different about her somehow,” one of the
waitresses asserted positively.
“What is it that’s different?” asked the solicitor for the accused,
pressing his point.
“I can’t say,” was the perpetual, maddening reply.
Of course the poor young widow had to be dragged into the case,
and here, I think, opinions and even expressions of sympathy were
quite unanimous.
 The whole tragedy had been inexpressibly painful to her, of
course, and now it must have seemed doubly so. The scandal which
had accumulated round her late husband’s name must have added
the poignancy of shame to that of grief. Mark Culledon had behaved
as callously to the girl whom clearly he had married from interested,
family motives, as he had to the one whom he had heartlessly cast
aside.
Lady Irene, however, was most moderate in her statements. There
was no doubt that she had known of her husband’s previous
entanglement with Miss Löwenthal, but apparently had not thought fit
to make him accountable for the past. She did not know that Miss
Löwenthal had threatened a breach of promise action against her
husband.
Throughout her evidence she spoke with absolute calm and
dignity, and looked indeed a strange contrast, in her closely fitting
tailor-made costume of black serge and tiny black toque, to the more
brilliant woman who stood in the dock.
The two great points in favour of the accused were, firstly, the
vagueness of the witnesses who were called to identify her, and,
secondly, the fact that she had undoubtedly begun proceedings for
breach of promise against the deceased. Judging by the latter’s
letters to her, she would have had a splendid case against him,
which fact naturally dealt a severe blow to the theory as to motive for
the murder.
On the whole, the magistrate felt that there was not a sufficiency of
evidence against the accused to warrant his committing her for trial;
he therefore discharged her, and, amid loud applause from the
public, Miss Löwenthal left the court a free woman.
Now, I know that the public did loudly, and, to my mind, very justly,
blame the police for that arrest, which was denounced as being as
cruel as it was unjustifiable. I felt as strongly as anybody on the
subject, for I knew that the prosecution had been instituted in
defiance of Lady Molly’s express advice, and in distinct contradiction
to the evidence which she had collected. When, therefore, the chief
again asked my dear lady to renew her efforts in that mysterious
case, it was small wonder that her enthusiasm did not respond to his
anxiety. That she would do her duty was beyond a doubt, but she
had very naturally lost her more fervent interest in the case.
The mysterious woman in the big hat was still the chief subject of
leading articles in the papers, coupled with that of the ineptitude of
the police who could not discover her. There were caricatures and
picture post-cards in all the shop windows of a gigantic hat covering
the whole figure of its wearer, only the feet, and a very long and
pointed chin, protruding from beneath the enormous brim. Below
was the device, “Who is she? Ask the police?”
One day—it was the second since the discharge of Miss
Löwenthal—my dear lady came into my room beaming. It was the
first time I had seen her smile for more than a week, and already I
had guessed what it was that had cheered her.
“Good news, Mary,” she said gaily. “At last I’ve got the chief to let
me have a free hand. Oh, dear! what a lot of argument it takes to
extricate that man from the tangled meshes of red tape!”
“What are you going to do?” I asked.
“Prove that my theory is right as to who murdered Mark Culledon,”
she replied seriously; “and as a preliminary we’ll go and ask his
servants at Lorbury House a few questions.”
It was then three o’clock in the afternoon. At Lady Molly’s bidding,
I dressed somewhat smartly, and together we went off in a taxi to
Fitzjohn’s Avenue.
Lady Molly had written a few words on one of her cards, urgently
requesting an interview with Lady Irene Culledon. This she handed
over to the man-servant who opened the door at Lorbury House. A
few moments later we were sitting in the cosy boudoir. The young
widow, high-bred and dignified in her tight-fitting black gown, sat
opposite to us, her white hands folded demurely before her, her
small head, with its very close coiffure, bent in closest attention
towards Lady Molly.
“I most sincerely hope, Lady Irene,” began my dear lady, in her
most gentle and persuasive voice, “that you will look with all possible
indulgence on my growing desire—shared, I may say, by all my
superiors at Scotland Yard—to elucidate the mystery which still
surrounds your late husband’s death.”
 Lady Molly paused, as if waiting for encouragement to proceed.
The subject must have been extremely painful to the young widow;
nevertheless she responded quite gently:
“I can understand that the police wish to do their duty in the
matter; as for me, I have done all, I think, that could be expected of
me. I am not made of iron, and after that day in the police court——”
She checked herself, as if afraid of having betrayed more emotion
than was consistent with good breeding, and concluded more calmly:
“I cannot do any more.”
“I fully appreciate your feelings in the matter,” said Lady Molly, “but
you would not mind helping us—would you?—in a passive way, if
you could, by some simple means, further the cause of justice.”
“What is it you want me to do?” asked Lady Irene.
“Only to allow me to ring for two of your maids and to ask them a
few questions. I promise you that they shall not be of such a nature
as to cause you the slightest pain.”
For a moment I thought that the young widow hesitated, then,
without a word, she rose and rang the bell.
“Which of my servants did you wish to see?” she asked, turning to
my dear lady as soon as the butler entered in answer to the bell.
“Your own maid and your parlour-maid, if I may,” replied Lady
Molly.
Lady Irene gave the necessary orders, and we all sat expectant
and silent until, a minute or two later, two girls entered the room. One
wore a cap and apron, the other, in neat black dress and dainty lace
collar, was obviously the lady’s maid.
“This lady,” said their mistress, addressing the two girls, “wishes to
ask you a few questions. She is a representative of the police, so
you had better do your best to satisfy her with your answers.”
“Oh!” rejoined Lady Molly pleasantly—choosing not to notice the
tone of acerbity with which the young widow had spoken, nor the
unmistakable barrier of hostility and reserve which her words had
immediately raised between the young servants and the
“representative of the police”—“what I am going to ask these two
young ladies is neither very difficult nor very unpleasant. I merely
want their kind help in a little comedy which will have to be played
this evening, in order to test the accuracy of certain statements
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