VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
“JNANA SANGAMA” BELAGAVI- 590018, KARNATAKA
REPORT
on
"Physical Education (BPEK559)"
Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree
of
BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING
in
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
by
SHWETHA A
1 RL21 CS129
Under the Guidance of,
Dadapheer
Dept. of Physical Education
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
R L JALAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DODDABALLAPUR-561 203 (KARNATAKA)
2024-2025
Sri Devaraj Urs Educational Trust®, Kolar
R L JALAPPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DODDABALLAPUR -561203 (KARNATAKA)
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
This is to certify that the Report on “Physical Education” is a bonafide work carried out
by SHWETHA A(1RL21CS129) in partial fulfillment for the requirement of 5TH
semester, Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Science & Engineering of
VISVESVARAYATECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, Belagavi, during the year 2023-24. It
is certified that all corrections/suggestions indicated for the internal assessment have been
incorporated in the report. This report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements
in respect of Case study work prescribed for said degree.
------------------- ------------------------------ ------------------------------
Signature Class Signature of the Signature of the
Co-ordinator Physical Education Director HOD
Basavaraj Nayak Dadapheer Dr.Sunil Kumar R M
Assistant Professor Dept. of Physical Education Professor and Head
Dept. of CS&E, RLJIT Dept. of CS&E, RLJIT
PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
1. HISTORY OF THE BASKETBALL
A game similar to basketball is mentioned in a 1591 book published in Frankfurt am Main
that reports on the lifestyles and customs of coastal North American residents, Wahrhafftige
Abconterfaytung der Wilden (German; translates as Truthful Depictions of the Savages). "Among
other things, a game of skill is described in which balls must be thrown against a target woven from
twigs, mounted high on a pole. There's a small reward for the player if the target is being hit."
In December 1891, James Naismith, a Canadian-American professor of physical
education and instructor at the International Young Men's Christian Association Training School
(now Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, was trying to keep his gym class active
on a rainy day. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper
levels of fitness during the long New England winters. After rejecting other ideas as either too
rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he invented a new game in which players would
pass a ball to teammates and try to score points by tossing the ball into a basket mounted on a wall.
Naismith wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto an elevated track. Naismith initially
set up the peach basket with its bottom intact, which meant that the ball had to be retrieved
manually after each "basket" or point scored. This quickly proved tedious, so Naismith removed
the bottom of the basket to allow the balls to be poked out with a long dowel after each scored
basket.
Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball. These round balls from "association
football" were made, at the time, with a set of laces to close off the hole needed for inserting the
inflatable bladder after the other sewn-together segments of the ball's cover had been flipped
outside-in.[13][14] These laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
2. COURT / FIELD MEASUREMENT:
In basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface, consisting of a rectangular floor,
with baskets at each end. Indoor basketball courts are almost always made of polished wood,
usually maple, with 10 feet (3.048 m)-high rims on each basket. Outdoor surfaces are generally
made from standard paving materials such as concrete or asphalt. International competitions may
use glass basketball courts.
Basketball courts come in many different sizes. In the National Basketball
Association (NBA), the court is 94 by 50 feet (28.7 by 15.2 m). Under International Basketball
Federation (FIBA) rules, the court is slightly smaller, measuring 28 by 15 meters (91.9 by 49.2 ft).
In amateur basketball, court sizes vary widely. Many older high school gyms were 84 feet (26 m)
or even 74 feet (23 m) in length.
Basketball courts have a three-point arc at both baskets. A basket made from behind this arc
is worth three points; a basket made from within this line, or with a player's foot touching the line,
is worth 2 points. The free-throw line, where one stands while taking a foul shot, is located within
the three-point arc at 15 feet from the plane of the backboard. A foul shot is worth 1 point, but if a
shot is made from the foul line while in play it is still worth 2 points.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
3. SKILLS OF THE GAME
3.1. SHOOTING
Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket,
methods varying with players and situations.
Typically, a player faces the basket with both feet facing the basket. A player will rest the
ball on the fingertips of the dominant hand (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the
other hand supporting the side of the ball. The ball is usually shot by jumping (though not always)
and extending the shooting arm. The shooting arm, fully extended with the wrist fully bent, is held
stationary for a moment following the release of the ball, known as a follow-through. Players often
try to put a steady backspin on the ball to absorb its impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the
shot is somewhat controversial, but generally a proper arc is recommended. Players may shoot
directly into the basket or may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
3.2. DRIBBLING
Dribbling is a dynamic skill used primarily for advancing the ball up the court,
maneuvering around defenders, and creating offensive opportunities. Dribbling allows players to
maintain of the ball while in motion. Skilled dribblers can create their own shots, drive to the
basket, and penetrate defence. A player who can effectively dribble can break down the defence,
attack defenders, and then make accurate passes to open teammates. Dribbling enhances a player’s
offensive capabilities, playmaking ability, and overall contribution to the team.
To enhance dribbling proficiency, players often engage in various dribbling drills. These
drills focus on developing ball-handling skills, improving control, and mastering different dribbling
techniques such as crossovers, between the legs, and behind the back. Practicing dribbling in
isolation and under pressure helps players become more confident and adept at handling the ball in
game situations, ultimately elevating their offensive prowess and playmaking abilities on the court.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
3.3. PASSING
Basketball is a team sport, and passing is the primary means of moving the ball around the
court. Effective passing leads to better ball movement and team coordination. Players who can
move the ball quickly and make smart passes force defenders to adjust. Passing involves making
quick and intelligent decisions on the court, translating to overall basketball IQ. Skilled passers can
create scoring opportunities for their teammates by delivering accurate and well-timed passes.
Assists, which result from successful passes leading to a made basket, are a key statistical measure
of a player’s playmaking
3.4.DEFENDING
Offense may be flashy, but defense is no less important. Developing fast hands to make
steals off the dribble, or an intimidating presence around the rim to deter driving opponents, can
make you a terror to deal with on the court. When your defensive skills are strong enough, you can
even use them to quickly turn the table and set up fast-break responses.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
3.5.JUMPING
Basketball is all about getting vertical, and an increased jump height benefits you on both
sides of the ball. Work on building your leg strength with exercises like squats and calf presses.
Squats help you to build the explosive power you need to out-jump your opposition.
3.6. REBOUNDING
A player who dominates the boards can carve out a strong career nearly on that talent alone.
Drills like the tip drill, where a player repeatedly elevates to rebound the ball and put it right back
off the glass again, teach you to meet the ball up high and look to turn that rebound right back into
another shot when on offense.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
4.RULES AND REGULATIONS
4.1.Game Play Rules
The game's rules are as follows: The ball begins with a jump ball at the centre court. Players must
start dribbling the ball when they start playing. Players can pass the ball to their teammates to
advance it and create scoring opportunities. To score points, players are responsible for shooting
the ball into the hoop of the opponent players. Only twelve were allowed in the game, five in the
game, and the other seven as substitutes.
4.2.Basic Rules
The basic rule of the game is to score the maximum number of points compared to the opponent
team. Each team has five players on the field and seven substitutes. The game consists of four
quarters, lasting 10-12 minutes each, depending on the league.
4.3.Scoring Rules
The scoring rules of the basketball games are also as follows. The points are allocated based on
shots made. Two points are allotted for the shots made inside the three-point line. Meanwhile, two
points are allotted for shots made beyond the three-point line.
4.4.Fouls
There are several circumstances under which the game is considered as foul. Physical contact
interfering with the opponent's movements is considered foul, for example, hitting, pushing, and
slapping.Apart from the physical touches, unsportsmanlike conduct, such as delays in the game,
arguing with officials, etc., are also considered fouls. To some extent, fouls are allowed even, and
only after a few minutes are the opposing teams rewarded with free throws.
4.5.Substitutes
The substitute rules in the game are somewhat liberal. You can choose a substitute at any time in
between or after the game. Even during the stoppages, you can select or replace them with the
substitutes in the game.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
4.6.Overtimes and Timeouts
Overtimes are allowed in the game based on the time tied at the end of the regulation matches. At
least five minutes of additional duration is extended to play the game and determine the winner.
Even overtime and timeouts are also there a certain amount of time outs per game. However,
timeouts can be used to strategize and stop the clock.
4.7.Game Violations
A person is set to have violated the rules of the game when moving out the dribbling ball, double
dribbling, shot clock, backcourt violation, five-second violation, and three-second violation in the
game.
5.BASKETBALL
A basketball is a spherical ball used in basketball games. Basketballs usually range in
size from very small promotional items that are only a few inches (some centimeters) in diameter
to extra large balls nearly 2 feet (60 cm) in diameter used in training exercises.
Aside from the court and the baskets, the basketball is the only piece of equipment
necessary to play the game of basketball. During the game, the ball must be bounced
continuously (dribbling), thrown through the air to other players (passing) or thrown towards the
basket (shooting).
The ball used for all competitions (men's, women's, and mixed) in the formal halfcourt
game of 3x3 combines characteristics of the size 6 and size 7 balls. Its circumference is that of a
size 6 ball, but its weight is that of a size 7.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
RELEVANT PHOTOGRAPHS OF THE GAME :
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS:
The components of Health Related Fitness are a basis from which to measure our general
wellbeing. It is the aim of exercise to improve our capabilities in each of these areas. Different
sports will be more demanding in some, and less demanding in others, but athletes usually strive to
achieve a reasonable level of health fitness in each area. Unless you are focusing on perfecting your
body performance for a particularly demanding sport .
CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE:
Cardiovascular endurance, or aerobic fitness, is how well your heart and lungs can supply the
oxygen you need while you exercise at medium to high intensity. If you have good cardiovascular
endurance, you can exercise at medium intensity for a long time.
FLEXIBILITY:
Flexibility is the ability of a joint or series of joints to move through an unrestricted, pain free range
of motion. Although flexibility varies widely from person to person, minimum ranges are necessary
for maintaining joint and total body health.
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PHYSICAL EDUCATION REPORT
MUSCULAR ENDURANCE:
Muscular endurance refers to the ability of a muscle to sustain repeated contractions against
resistance for an extended period of time. To increase muscular indurance, you should engage in
activities that work your muscles more than usual such as squats, push-ups, or jumping jacks.
MUSCULAR STRENGTH:
Muscular strength refers to the force a muscle can produce with a single maximal effort. Muscular
definition is the visual aspect when muscle shape is visible through the skin and underlying body
fat.
BODY COMPOSITION:
Body composition is the body's amount of fat relative to fat-free mass. Individuals with optimal
body composition are typically healthier, move more easily and efficiently, and generally feel
better.
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