### Class Notes
**Date:2024.12**
**Lecture Topic:** Introduction to Deep Learning
#### Part 1: What is Deep Learning?
1. **Definition**
- Deep Learning is a subset of machine learning that utilizes neural networks
with multiple layers to model complex patterns in data.
- It is inspired by the structure and function of the human brain.
#### Part 2: Neural Networks
1. **Basic Structure**
- **Input Layer:** Receives raw data.
- **Hidden Layers:** Processes data using weights and activation functions.
- **Output Layer:** Produces predictions or classifications.
2. **Types of Neural Networks**
- **Feedforward Neural Networks (FNN):** Basic architecture where data flows in
one direction.
- **Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN):** Specialized for image data, using
convolutional layers.
- **Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN):** Designed for sequential data, such as
time series or text.
- **Transformers:** Advanced architectures for natural language processing and
other tasks.
3. **Activation Functions**
- Sigmoid, ReLU, Tanh, Softmax.
- Introduce non-linearity to the model.
#### Part 3: Deep Learning Workflow
1. **Data Preparation**
- Collect and preprocess data.
- Augment data if necessary (e.g., rotating images, adding noise).
2. **Model Design**
- Choose an appropriate architecture (e.g., CNN for image tasks).
- Define the number of layers and nodes.
3. **Training**
- Split data into training, validation, and test sets.
- Optimize weights using backpropagation and gradient descent.
- Use batch processing and regularization to improve performance.
4. **Evaluation**
- Assess using metrics like accuracy, loss, precision, and recall.
- Fine-tune hyperparameters for better results.
#### Part 4: Applications of Deep Learning
1. **Computer Vision**
- Object detection, facial recognition, and autonomous driving.
2. **Natural Language Processing (NLP)**
- Machine translation, sentiment analysis, and text summarization.
3. **Speech Recognition**
- Voice assistants and real-time transcription.
4. **Healthcare**
- Medical image analysis and drug discovery.
#### Part 5: Challenges in Deep Learning
1. **Data Requirements**
- Needs vast amounts of labeled data for effective training.
2. **Computational Cost**
- High resource demands for training complex models.
3. **Interpretability**
- Difficulty in understanding and explaining deep models' decisions.
4. **Overfitting**
- Tendency to memorize training data instead of generalizing.
#### Conclusion
- Deep Learning is at the forefront of AI innovation, solving complex problems in
diverse domains.
- Continued advancements in algorithms, hardware, and data will drive its future
impact.
