INTRODUCTION OF
GEO-TECHINCAL
ENGINEERING
What is geotechnical
engineering?
Geotechnical engineering can be defined as a branch of civil
engineering concerned with the engineering behavior of the
earth’s materials. which determine the physical, mechanical
and chemical properties of soil and rock to design
foundations, retaining structures and earthworks.
Soil Mechanic
deals with the study of physical properties of
soil and the behavior of soil masses subjected
to various types of forces.
Those Includes are?
it includes investigating existing subsurface conditions
and materials
determining their physical/mechanical and chemical
properties that are relevant to the project considered
and assessing the risks posed by site conditions.
designing earthworks and structure foundations and
monitoring site conditions, earthwork and foundation
construction.
Construction sites
General Construction
Monitoring(risk)
Pre- and Post- Construction
Survey(land surveyor)
Instrumentation(tools)
When do we need Geo-
technical Engineering?
Roads
Bridge
Buildings
Excavations
what is di erence in
geotechnical and civil
engineering
History Background
1.) Knowledge of the use of soil extends into prehistoric times, when
man started constructing dwellings for living and roads for
transportation.
2.) Humans have historically used soil as a material for flood control,
irrigation purposes, burial sites, building foundations and as
construction material for building.
3.) Classical geotechnical mechanics began in 1773 with Charles
Coulomb's introduction of mechanics to soil problems
Classi cation of soil materials
In engineering, soil is classified using the Unified Soil Classification
System (USCS) to describe its grain size and texture. The USCS is based
on the Airfield Classification System developed in the 1940s.
The USCS classifies soils into three main groups:
Coarse-grained soils: These include sand and gravel, and are
classified primarily by grain size.
Fine-grained soils: Also known as peat.
Highly Organic Soils: These include silts and clays.
Classi cation of soil materials
Gravel Silt
Sand Clay
Geoteechnical
Application
Foundation Design
Applies soil mechanics, structural
engineering, and project
serviceability requirements for
design and construction of
foundations for onshore, offshore,
and in-land structures.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FOUNDATION:
1. Wall Footing
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FOUNDATION:
3. Stepped or
2. Spread Footing Pedestal Footing
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FOUNDATION:
4. Sloped Footing 5. Combined Footing
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FOUNDATION:
6. Strap Footing 7. Mat or Raft Foundation
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
FOUNDATION:
8. Pile Foundation 9. Drilled Belled Pier
Retaining Wall
A retaining wall is a structure that holds soil or other materials in
place on one side of it, preventing erosion, landslides, or other
landscape shifts. They are often used on sloped or hilly terrain
where soil movement is a problem.
Retaining Wall
There are several types of retaining walls, including:
Gravity walls: A basic type of reinforced retaining wall made of massive
concrete that is prevented from falling over by gravity.
Cantilever walls: Have cantilever footings with tie beams to balance
the asymmetrical load.
Counterfort retaining walls: Cantilever walls with counterforts, or
buttresses, attached to the inside face of the wall to resist lateral thrust
Slope Stability
Slope stability refers to the condition of inclined soil or rock slopes to
withstand or undergo movement; the opposite condition is called slope
instability or slope failure. The stability condition of slopes is a subject of
study and research in soil mechanics, geotechnical engineering, and
engineering geology.
Dam Engineering
A dam is an infrastructure system that consists of several structures with
the intent to collect, store and manage water. It’s a human-made barrier
that is usually built to hold back water forming a lake or a reservoir. Dam
engineering is a professional field that addresses issues related to the
design, construction, and maintenance of dams.
Dam Engineering
Purposes of Dams:
Water Supply•Irrigation Retention and control of sediments
Flood control Contain and store waste (tailings)
Hydroelectric energy production Inland navigation
Improvement of water quality Fish Farming
Tunnel Engineering
tunnel engineer develops engineering solutions to safely
excavate and support the ground and the structure to
be built inside the tunnel
Geo Environment Engineering
Geoenvironment Engineering is a scientific field that involves rock
and soil mechanics, groundwater hydrology and their impact on
human health and the environment.
Geo Environment Engineering
Geo-environment engineer investigation is an example of disposal
in Landfill - is an engineer site where waste is isolated from
environment before the ground or on top with suitable protective
layers until it is safe and completely degraded biologically,
chemically and physically
Earthquake engineering
Earthquake engineering is the practice of designing and analyzing
structures to withstand earthquakes and reduce the risk of injury
or death to the public. The goal is to create structures that are
resistant to minor shaking and can avoid serious damage or
collapse during a major earthquake.
Pavement Engineering
Geotechnical Pavement Design. Geotechnical engineers are
generally responsible for determining the pavement thickness
needed for a 20-year structural design life based on traffic loading,
soil conditions, and local climate and jurisdictional factors.
t it from being exceeded.
Pavement Engineering
Two main type of pavement:
Geosynthetic
Geosynthetics engineering is the use of man-made materials to improve
soil conditions and solve geotechnical problems in construction
projects. Geosynthetics are thin, polymeric materials that are used in a
variety of civil engineering applications,
Geotechnical Challenges in
construction
Unstable Slopes Unstable Soil
Geotechnical Problems in
construction
Ground Water Seepage Poor Drainage
Geotechnical Engineering
Improvement
Ground Improvement
Retain Structure
Geotechnical Engineering
Improvement
Deep Foundation Seismec Design
Shallow Foundation
Geotechnical
Landmarks
Remember:
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