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Data Science & AI Hinglish

Probability and Statistics

Extra Practice Sheet 01

1. In a regiment of 1000, the mean height of the soldiers 6. A manufacturer knows from experience that the
is 68.12 units and the standard deviation is 3.374 units. resistance of resistors he produces is normal with mean
Assuming a normal distribution, how many soldiers  = 140  and standard deviation  = 5. Find the
could be expected to be more than 72 units? It is given percentage of the resistors that will have resistance
that between 138  and 142  . (given  (0.4) = 0.6554,
P(z =1.00) = 0.3413, P(z = 1.15) = 0.3749 and where z is the standard normal variate).
P(z = 1.25) = 0.3944, where z is the standard normal
variable. 7. A manufacturing company packs pencils in fancy
plastic boxes. The length of the pencils is normally
2. If the height of 300 students are normally distributed distributed with  = 6" and  = 0.2". The internal
with mean 64.5 inches and standard deviation 3.3 length of the boxes is 6.4". What is the probability that
inches, find the height below which 99% of the the box would be too small for the pencils (Given that
students lie. a value of the standardized normal distribution
function is  (2) = 0.9772).
3. The lifetime of radio tubes manufactured in a factory
is known to have an average value of 10 years. Find the 8 Find the probability that at most 5 defective fuses will
probability that the lifetime of a tube taken randomly be found in a box of 200 fuses if experience shows that
(i) exceeds 15 years, (ii) is less than 5 years, assuming 2 per cent of such fuses are defective.
that the exponential probability law is followed.
9. The number of accidents during a year in a factory has
4. Analysis of past data shows that hub thickness of a the Poisson distribution with mean 1.5. The accidents
particular type of gear is normally distributed about a during different years are assumed independent. Find
mean thickness of 2.00 cm with a standard deviation of the probability that only 2 accidents take place during
0.04 cm. 2 years time.
(i) What is the probability that a gear chosen at
random will have a thickness greater than 2.06
10. A manufacturer of cotter pins knows that 5% of his
cm?
product is defective. If he sells cotter pins in boxes of
(ii) How many gears will have a thickness between
100 and guarantee that not more than 10 pins will be
1.89 and 1.95 cm?
defective, what is the approximate probability that a
Given  (1.5) = 0.4332,  (2.75) = 6.4970,  (1.25) =
box will fail to meet the guaranteed quality, [e–5 =
0.3944. 0.006738]

5. The breaking strength X of a cotton fabric is normally

distributed with E (x) = 16 and  (x) = 1. The fabric is
said to be good if X  14. What is the probability that
a fabric chosen at random is good. Given that 0 (2) =
0.9772
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11. Suppose the number of telephone calls on an 17. One bag contains four white and two black beads and
operator received from 9.00 to 9.05 follow a another contains three of each colour. A bead is drawn
Poisson distribution with mean 3. Find the from each bag. What is the probability that one is white
probability that and one is black ?
(i) the operator will receive no calls in that time
18 The odds that a book will be favorably reviewed by
interval tomorrow,
three independent critics are 5 to 2, 4 to 3. 3 to 4
(ii) in the next three days the operator will receive respectively. What is the probability that of the three
a total of 1 call in that time interval, [e–3 = reviews, a majority will be favorable?
0.04978]
19. Let E and F be independent events. The probability that
12. In a normal distribution, 7% of the items are under 35 1
and 89% are under 63. Determine mean and variance both E and F happen is and the probability that
12
of distribution. [Area of z for 0.43 = 1.48. Area of z for 1
0.39 = 1.23] neither E nor F happen is . Then find P (E) and P (F).
2

13. The length of an item manufactured on an automatic

machine tool is a normally distributed random variable
20. Given a random variable whose range set is (1,2) and
1
with parameters m( x ) = 10, and  2 = . Find the 1 3
200 whose probability is f(1) = and f(2)= . Find the
4 4
probability of defective production of the tolerance is
mean and variance of the distribution.
10 ± 0.05.
21. A man takes a step forward with probability 0.4 and
14. In a mathematics examination, the average grade was
backward with probability 0.6. Find the probability
82 and the standard deviation was 5. All the students
that at the end of 11 steps, he is just one step away from
with grades from 88 to 94 received a grade B. If the
the starting point.
grades are normally distributed and 8 students received
Ans. 0.210677186
a B grade, find how many students took the
examination.
22. What would be the expectation of the number of
Given
failures preceding the first success in an infinite series
6 1.20 2.00 2.40 2.45
of independent trials with the constant probability of
A 0.3849 0.4772 0.4918 0.4929 success p?

15. The income of a group of 10.000 persons was found to 23. If 20% of the bolts produced by a machine are
be normally distributed with mean Rs. 750 p.m. and defective, determine the probability that out of 4 bolts
standard deviation of Rs. 50. Show that, of this group, chosen at random
about 95% had income exceeding Rs. 668 and only 5%
(a) l
had income exceeding Rs. 832. Also find the lowest
(b) 0
income among the richest 100.
(c) At most 2
16. A continuous type random variable X has probability bolts will be defective.
density/(x) which is proportional to x2 and X takes
values in the interval [0, 2]. Find the distribution 24. Six dice are thrown 729 times. How many times do you
function of the random variable use this to find P(X > expect at least three dice to show a five or a six ?
1.2) and conditional probability P (X > 1.2/X > 1).
25. If the chance that any one of the 10 telephone lines is
busy at any instant is 0.2, what is the chance that 5 of
the lines are busy? What is the probability that all the
lines are busy?
 3

26. An insurance salesman sells policies to 5 men, all of 3

is . Determine the probability that out of 5 students
identical age in good health. According to the actuarial 5
tables the probability that a man of this particular age joining the College (i) none and
2 (ii) at least two will successfully complete the course.
will be alive 30 year hence is .
3
Find the probability that in 30 years. 34. A carton contains 20 fuses, 5 of which are defective.
(a) All 5 men Three fuses are chosen at random and inspected. What
(b) At least 3 men is the probability that at most one defective fuse is
(c) Only 2 men found.
(d) At least 1 man
Will be alive. 35. A bag contains three coins, one of which is coined with
two heads, while the other two coins are normal and
32 192 40 243 not biased. A coin is thrown at random from the bag
Ans. (a) (b) (c) (d)
243 243 243 243 and tossed three times in succession. If heads turn up
each time, what is the probability that this is the two-
27. Assuming a Binomial distribution, find the probability headed coin?
of obtaining at least two "six" in rolling a fair die 4
limes. 36. In sampling a large number of parts manufactured by a
machine, the mean number of defectives in a sample of
28 A box contains 10 screws, 3 of which are defective. 20 is 2. Out of 1.000 such samples, how many would
Two screws are drawn at random without re placement. be expected to contain at least 3 defective parts?
Find the probability that none of the two screws is
defective. 37. The incidence of occupational disease in an industry is
such that the workers have 20% chance of suffering
29. Out of 800 families with four children each, how many from it. What is the probability that out of 6 workers 4
families would be expected to have : (i) 2 boys and 2 or more will catch the disease ?
girls; (ii) at least one boy; (in) no girl; (iii) almost two
girls ? Assume equal probabilities for boys and girls. 38 The following information is obtained concerning an
investigation of 50 ordinary shops of small size.
30. In a hurdle race, a player has to cross 10 hurdles. The Can it be inferred that shops run by women are
probability that he will clear each hurdle is 5/6. What relatively more in villages than in towns? Use x2 test.
is the probability that he will knock down less than 2
Shops Total
hurdles?
In Twon In villages
Run by men 17 18 35
31. An electronic component consists of three parts. Each
Run by women 3 12 15
part has probability 0.99 of performing satisfactorily.
The component fails if 2 or more parts do not perform Total 20 30 50
satisfactorily. Assuming that the parts perform
independently, determine the probability that the 39. Of a group of patients who complained they did not
component docs not perform satisfactorily. sleep well, some were given sleeping pills while others
were given sugar pills (although they all thought they
32. Find the binomial distribution whose mean is 5 and were gelling sleeping pills). Ihey were later asked
10 whether the pills helped them or not. The result of their
variance is . responses are shown in the table given below.
3
Assuming that all patients told the truth, test the
33. The probability that on, joining Engineering College, a hypothesis that there is no difference between sleeping
student will successfully complete the course of studies pills and sugar pills at a significance level of 0.05.
 4

Step well Did not sleep are 0.4. 0.3,0.2 and 0.1 respectively. Find the
well probability that the gun hits the plane.
Took sleeping 44 10
pills 47. An electronic component consists of three parts. Each
Took sugar pills 81 35 part has probability 0.99 of performing satisfactorily.
The component fails if two or more parts do not
40. In an experiment on immunization of cattle from perform satisfactorily. Assuming that the parts perform
tuberculosis the following results were obtained independently, determine the probability that the
component does not perform satisfactorily.
Died Unaffected
Inoculated 12 26
48 The face cards are removed from a full pack. Out of the
Not inoculated 16 6 remaining 40 cards, 4 are drawn at random. What is the
probability that they belong to different suits ?
Examine the effect of vaccine in controlling
susceptibility to tuberculosis. 49. Of the cigarette smoking population, 70% are men and
30% women, 10% of these men and 20% of these
2 women smoke ‘WILLS.’ What is the probability that a
41. The probability that Nirmal will solve a problem is
3 person seen smoking a ‘WILLS’ will be a man.
3
and the probability that Satyajit will solve it is .
4 50. The distribution of typing mistakes committed by a
What is the probability that (a) the problem will be typist is given below. Assuming a Poisson model, find
solved (b) neither can solve it. out the expected frequencies:
Mistakes per page 0 1 2 3 4 5
42. Two persons A and B toss an unbiased coin alternately
No. of pages 142 156 69 27 5 1
on the understanding that the first who gets the head
wins. If A starts the game, then what are their
51. Let x be the number of cars per minute passing a certain
respective chances of winning ?
crossing of roads between 5.00 P.M. and 7.00 P.M. on
a holiday. Assume x has a Poisson distribution with
43. Four persons are chosen at random from a group
mean 4. Find the probability of observing almost 3 cars
containing 3 men, 2 women, and 4 children. Show that
during any given minute between 5.00 P.M. and 7 P.M.
the probability that exactly two of them will be
(given e–4 = 0.0183)
10
children is .
21
52. Let x be the number of cars, passing a certain point, per
minute at a particular time. Assuming that x has a
44. A five digit number is formed by using the digits 0, 1,
poison distribution with mean 0.5, find the probability
2, 3, 4 and 5 without repetition. Find the probability
of observing 3 or fewer cars during any given minute.
that the number is divisible by 6.
53. Number of customers arriving at a service counter
45. The chances that doctor A will diagnose a disease X
during a day has a Poisson distribution with mean 100.
correctly is 60%. The chances that a patient will die by
Find the probability that at least one customer will
his treatment after correct diagnosis is 40% and the
arrive on each day during a period of five days. Also
chances of death by wrong diagnosis is 70%. A patient
find the probability that exactly 3 customers will arrive
of doctor A, who had disease X, died, what is the
during two days.
chance that his disease was diagnosed correctly.
54. The random variable X has a Poisson distribution. If P
46. An anti-aircraft gun can take a maximum of four shots
(X = 1) = 0.01487, P (X = 2) = 0.04461. Then find P
on enemy's plane moving from it. The probabilities of
(X = 3).
hitting the plane at first, second, third and fourth shots
 5

55. A source of water is known to contain bacteria with (d) An unbiased coin is tossed 3 times. The
mean number of bacteria per cc equal to 2. Five 1 cc probability of obtaining two heads is
test lubes were filled with waler. Assuming that 1 3 1
(i) (ii) (iii) 1 (iv)
Poisson distribution is applicable, calculate the 2 8 8
probability that exactly 2 test lubes contain at least 1
bacterium each. 63. Fill in the blanks with appropriate correct answer
(a) Chance of throwing 6 at least once in four throws
56. In a normal summer, a truck driver gets on an average with single dice is....
one puncture in 1000 km. Applying Poisson (b) A pair of fair dice is thrown and one die shows a
distribution, find the probability that he will have four. The probability that the other die shows 5 is
(i) no puncture ….
(ii) two punctures in a journey of 3000 kms.
64. The table shows the relation between the performance
57. Wireless sets are manufactured with 25 soldered joints in mathematics and electronics, using a (a) 0.05 (d)0.01
each. On the average. 1 joint in 500 is defective. significance level.
How many sets can be expected to be free from
Mathematics Electronics
defective joints in a consignment of 10000 sets ?
High Medium Low
58. In a class of 12 students, 5 are boys and the rest are marks marks marks
girls. Find the probability that a student selected will High marks 56 71 12
be a girl. Medium marks 47 163 38
Low Marks 14 42 85
59. A bag contains 7 red and 8 black balls. Find the
probability of drawing a red ball. 65. The results of a survey made to determine whether the
age of a driver 21 years of age and older has any effect
60. Three of the six vertices of a regular hexagon are on the number of automobile accidents in which he is
chosen at random. Find the probability that the triangle involved (including minor accidents) are given in the
with three vertices is equilateral. table below. Al a level of significance of (u) 0.05 and
(b) 0.01, lest the hypothesis that number of accidents is
61. What is the probability that a leap year, selected at independent of the age of the driver.
random, will contain 53 Sundays. Age of the driver
21- 31- 41- 51- 61-
62. Choose the correct answer: 30 40 50 60 70
(a) In solving any problem, odds against A are 4 to 3 Number 0 748 821 786 720 672
and odds in favour of B in solving the same of 1 74 60 51 66 50
problem are 7 to 5. The probability that the accidents 2 31 25 22 16 15
problem will be solved is-
More
5 16 15 69
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) than
21 21 84 84 2
(b) In a given race, the odds in favour of horses A B,
C, D are 1 : 3, 1 : 4. 1 : 5, 1 : 6 respectively. The 66. A die thrown 60 time with the following results.
probability that horse C wins the race is
1 1 1 1 Face 1 2 3 4 5 6
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Frequency 8 7 12 8 14 11
4 5 6 7
(c) In tossing a fair die. the probability of getting on
odd number or a number less than 4 is 67. Fit a Binomial Distribution of the data
(i) 2 (ii) 1/2 (Hi) 2/3 (iv) 3/4 x 0 1 2 3 4 5
f 38 144 342 287 164 25
 6

and test for goodness of fit at the level of significance

0.05.
 7

Answer Key
1. 125

2. 68.7295 inches

3. (i) 0.2231, (ii) 0.3935.

4. (i) 0.068 (ii) 62

5. 0.9772

6. 31.08%

7. 0.0228.

8 0.785

9. 0.224

10. 0.0136875

11. (i) e –3 (ii) 3 × (e – 3)2 (e –3.3)

12. = 50.29, 2 = 106.73

13. 0.04798

14. 75 students

15. Rs. 866

16. ??

17. 1/2

209
18
343

19. ??

7 3
20. Mean = . Var =
4 16
 8

21. 0.210677186

22. ??

23. (a) 0.4096. (b) 0.4096, (c) 0.9728.

24. 233

25. 10C5 (0.2)5 (0.8)5, (0.2)10

32 192 40 243
26. (a) (b) (c) (d)
243 243 243 243

171
27.
1296

7
28
15

29. (i) 300, (ii) 750, (iii) 50, (iv) 550.

9
8 5
30.  
3 6 

31. 0.000298

r 15− r
15 1 2
32. Cr    
2 3

32 2853
33. (i) (ii)
3125 3125

27
34.
32

4
35.
5

36. 324
 9

53
37.
3125

38 x2 = 3.57, Hypothesis is wrong.

39. The hypothesis cannot be rejected at the 0.05 level.

40. x2 = 9.367, vaccine is effective

11 1
41. (a) (b)
12 12

42. 4 ; 1

43. ???

4
44.
25

6
45.
13

46. 0.6976.

47. 0.000298

1000
48
9139

7
49.
13

50. 147, 147, 74, 25, 6, 1 pages.

51. 0.4331

52. 0.998

3
–100 5 –200 4 (100 )
53. (1–e ) ,e ×
3
 10

54. 0.08922

55.
2
5
( )
1 − e−2 = 0.3459

56. (i) e–3 (ii) 4.5 e–3

57. 9512

7
58.
12

7
59.
15

1
60.
10

2
61.
7

62.
(a)
Ans. (ii)
(b)
Ans. (iii)
(c)
Ans. (iii)
(d)
Ans. (ii)

63.
(a)
671
Ans.
1296
(b)
1
Ans.
36

64. The hypothesis can be rejected at both levels.

 11

65. The hypothesis cannot be rejected at either level.

66. Test at 5% level of significance if the die is honest, assuming that F (x2 >11.1) = 0.05 with 5 d.f.

67. x2 = 7.97, Binomial distribution gives fit at 5% level.



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