Divergence ,Gradient & Curl

add pics for Curl ## Divergence:

Gradient :

The circulation density at each point of the vector field.

∇ × F = det

⎜⎟
For a he divergence of a continuously differentiable vector field F

div(F ) = ∇ ⋅ F = (

⎝
i

∂x

Fx
j

∂y

Fy
= Fx i + Fy j + Fz k

∂z

Fz
∂x

⎠
∂

= (
,

⎝
∂

∂y

∂z

∂F z

∂y
,

The gradient operator is the function whose value at F is the "direction and rate of fastest increase"

grad(F ) = ∇F =
⎛
∂

∂x

∂y
⎞

⎠
∂

∂z

−
⋅
⎛

⎝
is defined as the valued function:

) ⋅ (F x , F y , F z ) =

F1

F2

F3

∂z
⎞

⎠
=
∂F 1

∂x
i +
∂F x

∂x

∂F 2

∂y
+

j +
∂F y

∂y

∂F 3

∂z
+

k
∂F z

note : The gradient of F is defined as the unique vector field whose dot product with any vector V at each point x is the directional derivative of F along V .

Curl :

∂F y
)i + (
∂F x

∂z
−
∂F y

∂z
)j + (
∂z

∂F y

∂x
−
∂F x

∂y
)k

Note: he curl, also known as rotor, is a "Vector operator" that describes the infinitesimal circulation # of a "Vector field" in three-dimensional Euclidean space. The curl at a
point in the field is represented by a vector whose length and direction denote the magnitude and axis of the maximum circulation.