MATHEMATICS

(JEE-ADVANCED)

TOPIC : AREA UNDER CURVE DPP-13

 
1. The area bounded by the curves C1 : y = 2x – x2 , x  R and C2 : y = tan  x  , x  [0, 2) is equal
4 
to
2 ln 2 2 ln 2 2 2 ln 2 2 2 ln 2
(A)  (B)  (C)  (D) 
3  3  3  3 
x
2. The area bouned by the curve y = f (x), tangent to it at x = 2 and the x-axis, where f (2x) = 8 t ·dt , is
0

5 8 2 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3

x
3. If S(a) is the algebraic area bounded by the curve y = ex–a, y = and the y-axis where a > 0,
a
S(a )
then Lim is equal to
a  a
1 1
(A) 0 (B) (C) (D) Does not exist
2 2

4. The area enclosed by the curves f (x) = |sin x – cos x| + |cos x + sin x| and g(x) = 2|cos x + sin x|,
0  x , (in square units) is equal to

(A) 2 2  2  
(B) 4 2  2  
(C) 4 2  2  
(D) 2 2  2 
5. Let S be the area enclosed by the curves f(x) = 4|x| – |x|3 and g(x) + 4 – x 2 = 0. The value of [S]
is equal to
[Note : [k] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to k.]
(A) 10 (B) 12 (C) 14 (D) 16

6. Consider the region bounded by f(x) = x3, the x-axis, x = 0, and the line x = 4. If the line x = K divides
this region into two parts of equal area, then the value of K2 is
(A) 4 (B) 4 2 (C) 8 (D) 8 2

7. The area bounded by the curve y = ln x and the lines y = 0, y = ln 3 and x = 0 is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) – 2 + 3 ln3 (D) 2 + 3 ln3

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8. If the line x – 1 = 0 divides the area bounded by the curves 2x + 1 = 4 y  1 , y = x and y = 2
 
in two regions of area A1 and A2 (A1 < A2), then A12  A 2 2 is equal to
(A) 4 (B) 5 (C) 6 (D) 8

9. Let f be a positive continuous function on the interval [–2, 3] and A(t) is the area of the region bounded
A (3)  A( t )
by the graph of y = f (x) and the lines y = 0, x = – 2, and x = t where t  (–2, 3). If Lim
t 3 3t
is equal to 100 then the value of f (3) equals
1
(A) 3 (B) 100 (C) (D) 300
100

10. Let the curve c1 : y = x6 + Ax5 + Bx4 + Cx3 + Dx2 + Ex + F touches the line c2 : y = mx + n
at x = 1, 2, 3 and A, B, C, D, E, F, m, n  R. The area bounded by c1 and c2 is equal to
3 5 16 18
(A) (B) (C) (D)
34 34 105 115

11. If area bounded by y = x2 and locus of mid-point of chord of parabola y = x2 having length 4 is A then
A
the value of is

(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 8 (D) 16
8
12. Let the area bounded by x-axis, part of the curve y = 1 + and the ordinates at x = 2 and x = 4 be
x2
S. If the ordinate at x = c bisects the area S, then c2 is equal to
(A) 8 (B) 9 (C) 10 (D) 12

p
13. If the area enclosed by the curves y = | x | and x2 + y – 2 = 0 is , where p and q are coprime then the
q
value of (p – q), is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 7

14. The area of the region bounded on the left by the curve y = |x3 – 1|, on the right by the straight line
y = 12x – 17 and below by the x-axis, is
17 13 9 7
(A) (B) (C) (D)
24 24 4 4

15. The area enclosed by y = x3, its normal at (1, 1) and x-axis is equal to
7 9 5
(A) (B) (C) (D) 2
4 4 4

16. The slope of tangent to the curve y = f (x) at x, f ( x )  is (2x + 1). If the curve passes through the
point (1, 2), then the area bounded by the curve the x-axis and line x = 1 is
5 6 1
(A) (B) (C) (D) 6
6 5 6

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  
17. The area bounded by curves y = cosec x, y = sec x, y = cos x and y =sin x on interval  0, 
 2
is equal to
(A) 1 + ln  2 1  (B) 2 ln  2 1 
1
(C) 2 ln  
2 1 – 2 (D) ln  
2 1 –
2

2
18.  
If the area enclosed between f(x) = Min. cos 1 (cos x ), cot 1 (cot x ) and x-axis in x  (, 2) is
k
where k  N, then k is equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5

f (x)
19. Let f (x) be a polynomial function of degree 4 on R such that Lim = 1. If f '(0) = –6 and
x 1 ( x  1) 2

f '(2) = 6 then the area bounded by f(x) and coordinate axes is

13 7 8 11
(A) (B) (C) (D)
15 15 15 15

20. Let T be the triangle with vertices (0, 0), (0, c2) and (c, c2) and let R be the region between y = cx and
y = x2 where c > 0 then
c3 c3
(A) Area (R) = (B) Area of R =
6 3
Area (T ) Area (T ) 3
(C) Lim =3 (D) Lim =
c 0 Area (R ) c 0 Area (R ) 2

21. Area of the region bounded by the curve y = tan x and lines y = 0 and x = 1 is equal to
1 tan 1 1 tan 1
1 1 1
(A)  tan (1  x ) dx (B)  tan y dy (C)  tan x dx (D) tan 1 –  tan x dx
0 0 0 0

2x 0
22. Let f(x) be a differentiable function satisfying  x f ( t ) dt  2  t f (2t ) dt = 2x4 – 2x3, for all x  R
0 x
then which of the following is/are correct?
3
(A) Minimum value of f(x) is equal to .
4
(B) f  x  is non-derivable at exactly one value of x.
(C) Area bounded by y = f(x) and x-axis is equal to 2.
f (x)
(D) Lim exist and is equal to 3.
x 1 x 1

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23. The function y = f(x) is continuous over [0, 10]. If the area bounded by f(x) and the x-axis between x
= 0 and x = 10 is S where – 10  f(x) 10 , then which of the following is/are not always correct?
10 10 10
(A) S  100 (B)  f ( x) dx = S (C)  f ( x) dx  S (D) S   f ( x ) dx
0 0 0

24. Area bounded by curves y = cot–1x, y = tan–1x and y-axis is equal to

/4 /2 /4 / 2
1 1
(A)  tan x dx   cot x dx (B)  tan x dx   cot x dx
0 /4 0 / 4

 /2 /4 / 2
2 1 1
(C)  ln(sin x ) dx (D)  cot x dx   tan x dx
 0 0 / 4

n (e x  1)  e x

25. Consider, f(x) =  , x  (0, ). Identify which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?
n 2 enx
(A) Area enclosed by the graph of y = f(x) and the x-axis is 1 square unit.
(B) The number of solutions of the equation f(x) = f –1(x) are 2.
(C) The value of Lim mf (mx) is equal to 0.
m 


(D) If g(x) =  f (rx) then range of g(x) is (1, ).
r 1

Paragraph for question nos. 26 & 27

Let f be a twice differentiable function such that f " (x) = 1 – f (x) where f ' (0) = f (0) = 1.

26. Area bounded by the curve y = f (x) and the x-axis from x = 0 to x =  is
(A) 2 + 4 (B) + 2 (C) + 4 (D) 2 + 2

2
f (x)  1
27. The value of  cos2 x  1 dx is equal to
0

   3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 2 4

Paragraph for question nos. 28 & 29

Let y = f (x) be a function satisfying f '' (x) = f (x) – x – 1 where y ' (0) = y(0) = 2.

28. The area enclosed by the curve g (x) = f (x) – ex – 3 and xy = 0 is

1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 8
2

29. The least distance between the curves y = f '' (x + 1) + 1 and y = ln (x – 1) – 1 is

(A) 2 (B) 2 (e  1) (C) 3 2 (D) 2 (e  1)

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 Paragraph for question nos. 30 to 32
Let y = f(x), x  R satisfies the differential equation x(y" + y') = – y' – e–x and y(0) = –1
dy d2 y
where y' = and y" = 2 .
dx dx
1
x
30. The value of  e f (x )  3dx is equal to
0
(A) e (B) e – 1 (C) 3 (D) 1

31. Area enclosed by the graph of y = f(–|x|) and the x-axis is

 4 16
(A) ln 2 (B) ln 4 (C) 2 ln   (D) ln  
e e 

32. The least value of k for which g(x) = sgn(f(x) + k) is continuous for all x R is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) e (D) e + 1
[Note: sgn (y) denotes the signum function of y.]

33. The parabola P : y = ax2 where 'a' is a positive real constant, is touched by the line L: y = mx – b (where
m is a positive constant and b is real) at the point T.
Let Q be the point of intersection of the line L and the y-axis is such that TQ = 1. If A denotes the
1
maximum value of the region surrounded by P, L and the y-axis, find the value of .
A

L M
34. If the area enclosed by the curve y2 = 4x and 16y2 = 5(x – 1)3 can be expressed in the form
N
where L and N are relatively prime and M is a prime, find the value of (L + M + N).

35. Find the area bounded by y = xe|x| and lines |x| = 1, y = 0.

 2x  –1 
2x 
36. Let f(x) = cos–1   , g(x) = cot   where x  (–1, 1). If area bounded by the curves
1 x2   x 2 1 
y = f(x) + g(x) and y = x2 is A then find the value of [A].
[Note : [K] denotes greatest integer less than or equal to K.]

37. If 'a'(a > 0) is the value of parameter for each of which the area of the figure bounded by the straight line,
a 2  ax x 2  2ax  3a 2
y and the parabola y  is the greatest, then the value of a4 is.
1 a4 1 a4
3
38. If the area bounded by the curve y = | cos–1(sin x) | – | sin–1(cos x) | and x-axis from  x  2 ,
2
2
is equal to , where k  N, then find k.
k

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 1
39. Let An be the area bounded by the curve y = xn (n 1) and the line x = 0, y = 0 and x = .
2
n 2n A n 1
If  n

3
then find the value of n.
n 1

40. If the maximum area of the region enclosed by the curves y = | x | e | x | and the line y = a (0  a  e)
in x  [–1, 1] is A, then find the value of [A].
[Note: [k] denotes greatest integer function less than or equal to k. ]

Answer Key
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (C) 4. (C) 5. (C) 6. (D) 7. (A)
8. (B) 9. (B) 10. (C) 11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (B) 14. (A)
15. (A) 16. (A) 17. (C) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (AC) 21. (AD)
22. (ABD) 23. (BCD) 24. (AC) 25. (AC) 26. (B) 27. (A) 28. (B)
29. (C) 30. (A) 31. (C) 32. (B) 33. (12) 34. (124) 35. (0002)
36. (4) 37. (3) 38. (4) 39. (0002) 40. (0003)
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 y
Solutions
1
 2   
1. Area =   2x  x  tan x   dx = x 2 –
0  4 
x
a
1
  
3 ln sec x   a a 
x 4 
  S(a )  1   e  1
3  Lim = Lim  2 =
4 a  a a  

a  2
0
 
y / 4 3 / 4
4. Area = 2  ( 2 sin x ) dx + 2  (2 cos x ) dx
0 / 2
1
 
= 2 4  2 2 (using symmetry)

0 2
x 2 
1
5. S = 2  (4x – x 3 )dx   
 
0 
 1 ln 2  y
= 1  3   / 4  – [0 – 0 – 0]
 
x
(–2, 0) (2, 0)
2 2 ln 2
=  Ans. ] (0,–2)
3 

  4x 2 x 4 2 
x2 = 2 
2. f (2x) = 8 · = 4x2 –    
2  2 4 0 
 
f (x) = x2 A(2, 4)
f '(x) = 2x = 8 + 2
f '(2) = 4  [S] = 14. Ans.]
O T B(2,0)
(1,0)
Equation of tangent at (2, 4) is K 4
3 3
(y – 4) = 4(x – 2) 6. 2  x dx = x dx
4x – y = 4 0 0

2
2
K4
Required area =  x dx  Ar ( ABT ) = 64
2
0

8 1 2
=  × 1 × 4 = sq. units.
3 2 3

x=k
a  x a x 2 a x=4
 x
3. S(a) =   e x a   dx =  e   = 1
0
a  2a 0
K4 = 128
a K2 = 8 2 . Ans.]
– – e–a
2
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 y y = l n x  x = ey
 1 2 1  15  42  35  16
(0, ln 3) = 2   = 2 =
y = ln x  7 5 3  105  105
7. 11. t1 + t2 = 2h
x-axis t12 + t22 = 2k
(0, 0)
t1t2 = 2h2 – k
16 = (t1 – t2)2 + (t12 – t22)2
ln 3 16 = (t1 – t2)2 [1 + (t1 + t2)2]
y y ln 3
 Area =  e dy = (e 0) =3–1=2
y=
4x 4  x 2  4
0
1  4x 2
1
 (2 x  1)2  1  1
8. A1 =    x  dx =
4 3
0 

y
x
=
(1,2) y
y=2
(3,2)

x dy 3
x=1  0  x = 0, 
dx 2

 4x 4  x 2  4 2
A = 2  1  4 x 2  x dx
1 0 
A2 =
2 
dx
t 2
1
9. A (t) =  f ( x ) dx 0
4
 x2
2
A ' (t) = f (t) 2. ]
A ' (3) = f (3)
A (3)  3( t ) 8
 Lim = A ' (t) = f (3) 12. y=1+ , x = 2, x = 4
t 3  3t x2
 f (3) = 100 Ans.] 8
y = f (x) = 1 + is even function
10. Area x2
y
3
=  ( x 6  Ax 5  Bx 4  Cx 3  Dx   Ex  F)  (mx  n ) dx
1

3 y=1
2 2 2
=  (x  1) ·( x  2) ·(x  3) dx
x
1
Put (x – 2) = t x=2 x=c x=4

1 1 4 c 4
2 2 2 2 2 2  8 
 (t  1) ·t ·( t  1) dt =  (t  1) ·t dt   ydx = 2  ydx   1  x 2  dx
1 1 2 2 2
1 c
= 2  t 2 ·( t 4  2 t 2  1) dt  8 
= 2  1  2 dx
0 2
x 
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 4 c y
 8  8
 x   = 2 x  
 x 2  x 2 P(1,1)
x
 8  O (1,0)(4,0)
 4 – 2 – 2 + 4 = 2 c   2  4
 c 
8
 2=c– +2
c dy
 c2 – 8 = 0 (as c cannot be zero) 16. dx
= 2x + 1 x=1

 c=2 2 (as c cannot be –ve) y = x2 + x + C O

(– 1, 0)
 c2 = 8 Ans. ] 2=2+C
 C=0
13. The required area is bounded by the lines y = y = x2 + x
± x and the parabola x2 = – (y – 2) having the 1
1 1 5
vertex at (0, 2) and passing through (±1, 1). Area =  ( x 2  x ) d x =   . ]
3 2 6
By symmetry about the y-axis, 0

1 2  7 p
Area =    2  y dy  =
2   
3 q 4 2
 2 1  17. A =  (sec x  cos x ) dx   (cosecx  sin x ) dx
0 
4

(0,2)
= 2 ln  
2 1  2 ]

(–1,1) (1,1)
 3
 x   ;  x  2
18. f(x) 
3
 2  x ;  x  2
 p – q = 7 – 3 = 4 Ans.]  2

14. x3 – 1 = 12x – 17 Y
x3 – 12x + 16 = 0 x = 2
(2, 7) is the point lies on both the curves • y=

y=x B (3/2, /2)

(2,7) 
x– f (x
)=
) =
2
f(x –x
x
1 2 A x = 3 C
x= x = 2

Clearly, required area

2
1 7 = area of shaded portion of ABC
Required area =  ( x 3  1) dx   7 
1
2 12 1  2 2
= ×× = =
2 2 4 k
17
= .]  On comparing, we get k = 4. Ans.]
24
19. f (x) = (x – 1)2 (ax2 + bx + c)
1 a+b+c=1 ……(i),
1  7
15. Area =  x 3dx    1 3  =  limit exists
0 2  4 f '(0) = – 6 gives
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 –2c + b = – 6 ……(ii) tan 1
1
y Also, required area = tan 1 –  (tan y) dy .
0

2x 0
22. x  f ( t ) dt  2 t f ( 2t ) dt = 2x4 – 2x3
0 x
x
O (1, 0) differentiate with respect to x

and f '(2) = 6 gives  2x 

x  2f ( x )     f ( t ) dt  – 2x f(x) = 8x3 – 6x2
12a + 5b + 2c = 6 ……(iii)  
0 
 a = 1, b = –2, c = 2  f (x) = (x – 1)2(x2
differentiate with respect to x
– 2x + 2)
2 f(2x) = 24x2 – 12x  f(2x) = 12x2 – 6x
1
8 Put 2x = y
 A =  ( x  1)2 ·[(x  1)2  1] dx =  f(y) = 3y2 – 3y
15
0
 f(x) = 3x (x – 1)
c ·c 2 c3 Now verify all the options.]
20. Area (T) = =
2 2
23. The area could be of the rectangle defined by
y = 10 from x = 0 to x = 10, which is 100. The
integral could range from 0 (example : f(x) =
2x – 10) to 100. So A is always true and all
other options are not always true.]

/4 / 2

c3
c 24. Area =  (tan y)dy   (cot y)dy = ln 2
Area (R) = –  x 2 dx 0 / 4
2 0 /2
2
=
  ln (sin x )dx
0
c3 c3 c3
= – = y
y=
2 3 6
Area (T ) c3 6 (0, /2) y = /2
 Lim = Lim · = 3]
c 0  Area (R ) c0 2 c3 (0, /4) (1, /4)
x
(0, 0) x=1
y

(0, tan1) (1,tan1) 

 n 1 n 
25. f(x) =   e ( n 1) x
 
enx 
21. (1,0)
x n 2
O(0,0)
 1 2   2 3   n 1 n 
x=1 = Lim x
 2 x    2 x  3x   .....   ( n 1) x  nx 
n   e e  e e  e e 

1 1 1 n 
= Lim  x  nx  = e–x
Required area =  tan x dx =  tan(1  x ) dx n   e e 
0 0
Now, verify the options.]
(Using king property)

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26 & 27. y y = ex+1 + 1
f "(x) = 1 – f (x)
y=x
Multiplying both sides by f '(x)
get f(x) = sin x + 1
(–1, 2)
y
1
2 x
O
1
(i)
x
O 
x1 + 1 = 0
Required area =  + 2 x1 = –1
/2 y1 = 2
sin x  Perpendicular distance of line y = x from (–1,
(ii)  dx 
2
1  cos x 4 ]
0 3
2) is
2
28. & 29
f "(x) = f (x) – x – 1; multiply by ex on both 3
 Distance between curves is 2 ×
the sides 2
 ex f "(x) = ex g(x) – (x + 1) ex
=3 2.
Add ex f '(x) on both sides
ex f ' ( x )  f " (x )  = ex g ( x )  f ' ( x )  – (x +
1) ex 30 to 32
integrate w.r.t. x x(y" + y') = – y' – e–x
ex g'(x) = ex g(x) – ex (x) x f ' ( x )  f ' ' ( x )  = – f ' (x) – e–x
 f '(x) – f(x) = –x Linear differential
equation x ·e x f ' ( x )  f ' ' ( x )  = – ex f ' (x) – 1
I.F. = e–x On integrating both sides, we get
f (x) e–x = –  x e x dx f '
 x ·e (x )  f ' ' (x )  dx
x

 f (x) = ex + x + 1 I II

(i) Hence, g(x) = x – 2 =  x

· f ' ( x ) dx   dx
e
x · ex f ' (x)   e x f ' ( x ) dx
2
x
= e · f ' ( x ) dx  x  C
–2 x · ex f ' (x) = C – x
Put x = 0  C=0
 f ' (x) = – e –x

1 f (x) = e–x + k
Area = ×2×2=2 at x = 0, f (0) = –1  k = – 2
2
(ii) y = ex+1 + 1 and y = ln(x – 1) – 1 are inverse y = f (x) = e–x – 2
of each other 1
Least distance between the two curves is along (i) e
x
e x

 2  3 dx
their common normal 0

dy 1
Hence,
dx x1
= e x11 = 1  (1  e
x
) dx = x  e x   1
0 = 1 + e – (0 + 1) = e
0

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 x0
y
ax 3 mx 2 ax 30 mx 20
y=e –2
–x =   bx =   bx 0
3 2 3 2
x 0
y=e –2
0 x
(ii) – ln 2 ln 2 ax 30 ax 30
–1 =  ax 30  ax 30 =
3 3
–2

a 2 x 60 x 60  1  x 02 
 A2 = = 9  4 
ln 2 9  4x 0 
 4
Required area = –2  (e x  2) dx = 2 ln  
0
e x 02 (1  x 20 )
=
(iii) g(x) = sgn f ( x )  k  36
For g(x) to be continuous for all x  R x 02 (1  x 20 )
f (x) + k > 0  x  R let A2 = f (x0) =
36
e–x – 2 + k > 0  x  R
k2 ] 1
This is maximum when x 02 =
2

A2 
max
=
1 1 1
· · =
1
2 2 36 144
;

33. y = ax2 1 1
 Amax =  = 12
dy 12 A
dt T = 2ax0 = m
34. y2 = 4x ; 16y2 = 5(x – 1)3
hence line is [Illustration]
y = (2ax0)x – b .....(1) solving, 64x = 5(x – 1)3  (x – 5)(5x2 +
 (x0, a x 02 ) lies on parabola and the line (1) 10x + 1)
x = 5 and y = 2 5
a x 02 = 2a x 20 – b
5 5
5 
hence A = 2  2 x dx   (x  1)3 2 dx 
 0 1
16 

b = a x 20 . Hence Q = (0, – b) = (0, – a x 20 )

now using (TQ)2 = 1
x 20 + 4a2 x 04 = 1

(1  x 20 )
a2 = .....(2) which on evaluating gives,
4 x 40
104 5
x0 A==
2 15
now A=  (ax  mx  b)dx
 L = 104; M = 5; N = 15
0
 L + M + N = 124 Ans. ]
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35. Point of intersection of (1) and (2)
y
a 2  ax x 2  2ax  3a 2
y = xe
|x|
(odd function) =  (x + a) (x +
1 a4 1 a4
(0,0) O 2a) = 0
x
x = –a, –2a
x = –1
Required area
a  a 2  ax   x 2  2ax  3a  
xe  x , x  0
=   1  a 4    1  a 4 
 2a    
f (x) = xe|x| =  x
xe , x  0
a3
Note : f (x) is an increasing function on R.  A(a) =
6(1  a 4 )
1
So, required area = 2  x e x dx =  A(a) in max.  A'(a) = 0
0  3 + 3a4 – 4a4 = 0
a4 = 3]

2 x ex  ex 
1
0 = 2 (e  e)  (0  1) = 2. Ans.]
38. We have y = | cos–1(sinx) | – | sin–1 (cosx) |
 
  2x   =  sin 1 (sin x )   cos 1 (cos x )
36. f (x) = – sin–1   = – 2 tan–1 x 2 2
2 1 x2  2
 
  2x   =  x  2   2  x 
g(x) = – tan–1  2  = + 2 tan–1 x 2 2
2  x 1  2
5 3
y = x – x
2 2
y=
 5   3 
=   x    x   = 4 – 2x
 2   2 
x   3  1 1 
–1 O 1  For x   2 , 2, sin (sin x )  x  2 and cos (cos x )  2  x 
   
Clearly required area = Area of shaded triangle
in figure
y = f (x) + g(x) =  y
y = x2 4
1
3
Required area = 2 – 2  x 2dx
0 2

1 4
A = 2 – 2 · = ~ 4.19 
3 3 
 [A] = 4 O  2
x
2

a 2  ax 2
37. y= ……(1) 1  2 2
1 a4 =      =  (Given)
2  2 4 k
x 2  2ax  3a 2 Hence k = 4 Ans.
y= ……(2)
1 a4

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 1/ 2
n 1 xe x , x0
39. An =  x dx  An = 2 n 1
(n  1)
 40. f(x) = 
 xe ,
x
x0
0

1 y
2nAn =
2(n  1) y=e

2n A n 1
 =
n 2(n  1)n
–1 O 1
x

Graph of f(x)

For maximam area a = e

x
O
1 1

2 
Amax = 2  e  xe x dx 
0
2n A n
n
1
n
1 1 
Hence, 
n 1 n
=
2
  n  n  1 
n 1

= 2 ex  (xe x  ex )  1
0
= 2 (e – 1)
1  1  Hence, [A] = 3. Ans.
= 1  
2 n 1

1  1  1 2
Given, 1   =  1–
2 n 1 3 3
1 1 1
=  =  n = 2. Ans.]
n 1 3 n 1

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