VISHWAS Module

List of Abbreviations
ANM Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery

AWC Anganwadi Center
AWW Anganwadi Worker
BCC Behavioral Change Communication
CCDU Communication and Capacity Development Unit
DCM District Community Mobilizer
DWCD Department of Women and Child Development
GP Gram Panchayat
ICDS Integrated Child Development Services
IEC Information Education and Communication
IHHLs Individual Household Latrines
IPC Inter Personal Communication
MoPR Ministry of Panchayati Raj
NCC National cadet Corps
NCDs Non Communicable Diseases
NHM National Health Mission
NSS National Service Scheme
ODF Open Defecation Free
PHED Public Health Engineering Department
SBM Swachh Bharat Mission
VHSNC Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committee
VWSC Village Water and Sanitation Committee
WCD Women and Child Development
WSSO Water and Sanitation Support Organization
List
List of Abbreviations | iii
of Abbreviations
table of contents
Chapter 1:
Background of VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for
Swachhta and Swasthya.............................................................................................1
Chapter 2:
Structure of VHSNC led VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for
Swachhta and Swasthya.............................................................................................5
Chapter 3:
Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days........................... 11
Chapter 4:
Support, Supervision and Reporting Systems . .............................................. 57
Annexure 1:
Methods and Tools of Campaign . ....................................................................... 61
Annexure 2:............................................................................................................... 67
table
table of contents | v
of contents
vi | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation
Chapter 1
Background of VISHWAS
Campaign Initiative for
Swachhta and Swasthya
Under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) now the National Health
Mission, Village Health Sanitation and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC),
areenvisaged as platforms for ‘local action’ on health at community
leveland serve as key programme component of communitisation,
across the country. Overall, the success of VHSNCs in building community
level collective action, has been mixed. While states like Chhattisgarh
and Odisha, have made effective use of this platform for community
level monitoring of service delivery and processes, not only health but
all social determinants of Health, a large number of states across the
country have not been able to activate the VHSNCswhich is reflected in
low expenditures of the VHSNC united funds.
The proposed campaign –‘VISHWAS’ (Village based Initiative to

Synergise Health, Water and Sanitation) - VHSNC Campaign Initiative
for Swachhta and Swasthya -will be carried out under the leadership
of VHSNCs andwill build a collective initiative at community level, for
improving Water, Sanitation and Hygiene situation and its impact on
Health and quality of life. It will alsostrengthen convergent action in
integration with various initiatives under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM),
and will also build the institutional capacity of VHSNCs to fulfill their roles
as visualized in the original design.
Background
Background of
of VISHWAS
VISHWAS Campaign
Campaign Initiative
Initiative for
for Swachhta
Swachhta and
and Swasthya
Swasthya |1
The key strategy of thiscampaign will be to organize eleven monthly
campaign days in every VHSNC village,which will be led by its VHSNC,
and thereby build a systematic community action on key components
related to Water, Sanitation and Hygiene.
Objective of Swachhta Campaign-

¾¾ Create awareness on Water Sanitation & Hygiene and their impact
on Health, and create a platform for local action on these issues.
¾¾ Empower communities to participate in planning and
implementation of the program
¾¾ Build the institutional capacity of VHSNCs to fulfill their roles
as visualized in its original design, by undertaking the monthly
campaigns.
Role of VHSNC as platform for ‘community action'

VHSNCs are an important mechanism for community participation of
all stakeholders at community level;families and community at large
as target of promotive and preventive health effortsand the receiver
of services, health providers who deliver the services and community
representatives as well as general community members who have a
dual role to support as well as monitor the services. The VHSNCs also
enable local planning by creating community level dialogue, and by
building convergent collective action on social determinants and public
services directly or indirectly related to health. NHM also envisages
that by building local level planning processes, VHSNCs would support
the process of Decentralized Health Planning. Thus the committee is
envisaged to take leadership and provide a platform for improving
health awareness and community’s access to health services, address
specific local needs and integrate it all into community-based planning.
One of the key objectives of VHSNCsis to also empower Panchayats to
play their role in the governance of health and other public services and
2 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

to enable communities to take collective action for the attainment of a
higher health status and improved quality of life in the village.
The role of collective action and institutionalizing

community action
The health of individuals is determined by the environmental factors,
health and hygiene behaviors at personal level, and other cultural
practices, which influence health-seeking behavior. Collective
community action on health would strengthen health promotion, and
encourage all to adopt and follow personal behaviors that prevent
diseases. It is largely through collective community action that the
health outcomes of improved water sanitation and hygiene behaviours
can be achieved; because wide impact health benefits can accrue to
a community only when the whole community adopts change in
practices.
Building a systematic action oriented campaign led by VHSNC, will strengthen

the community’s capacity to improve their sanitation and hygiene behaviour
and will also, in this process, institutionalize the collective process of behavior
change. It can also be used effectively as an organised social mobilization
effortfor active participation of community in their social development and
health improvement, and create awareness on safe water, sanitation and
hygiene practices, and related provisions and facilities available in different
programmes.The campaign, which can be undertaken across the country, by
each VHSNC in its own community, will create opportunity to reach majority
of families, and the unreached sections of community in the vast spread
of villages across the length and breadth of states.The campaign and the
consequent social mobilization will also strengthencommunity participation
in local decision-making, will improve access to available resources under
various government programmes, and will ensure efficiency.Given below
is a successful example a mass campaign on sanitation inAvanurGram
Panchayat, Kerala, India.
Background of VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for Swachhta and Swasthya |3

Successful example of Social Mobilization Campaign –
Total Sanitation programme in Avanur Gram Panchayat,
Kerala, India
This example of successful mobilization of the entire community by
a gram panchayat to meet a basic need has been widely recognized.
It has brought national honour and a cash prize of Rs 12 lac to the
panchayat. In 1996, a survey held by the Avanur Gram Panchayat in
Kerala State found that over 2000 of Avanur's 5000 households were
too poor to afford basic sanitation facilities. The Gram Panchayat
President convened a series of awareness-building meetings for all
families below the poverty line.
As an outcome of these campaigns, it was agreed that the Gram

Panchayat would provide all these families building material for
a sanitation unit, with the condition that each beneficiary family
would complete 20 percent of the work on its own. The meetings
focused on awareness-building of women as main beneficiaries.
Much to the surprise of all, the campaign was successfully completed
within three months. The Gram Panchayat spent only 20 percent of
allocated resources because 80 percent of the work was done by the
beneficiary families themselves. In this way, a total of about Rs 12 Lac
in assets, by way of a cash prize could be mobilized for the benefit of
the village and its poor families.

Chapter 2
Structure of VHSNC led VISHWAS

Campaign Initiative for Swachhta
and Swasthya
The campaign is aimed at building a community level collective initiative

for improving the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene situation in their lives,
and thereby improving their health and quality of life. This will be
implemented in convergence with Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), and
contribute to achievement of Swachh Bharat - Swasthya Bharat.
The campaign will be conducted at the VHSNC level. Each VHSNC will
undertake and lead this campaign for its village. The Gram Panchayat
will oversee and support the VHSNC campaigns of all villages under its
area.
The campaign will be aligned with the strategies and approaches of SBM.
SBM envisages, active use of community based organisations for building
awareness, community level analysis of the water sanitation and hygiene
situation, and creating triggers for community action. The campaign
will use participatory tools and methods like, village social and resource
map, transect walk, and sanitation surveys, using them as methods of
community analysis and social trigger for action.
VHSNCs will also identify Swachhta Doots in their community, from

both within the members of VHSNC, and from among the larger village
community, who have such inclination, knowledge, and a voluntary
Structure
Structure of
of VHSNC
VHSNC led
led VISHWAS
VISHWAS Campaign
Campaign Initiative
Initiative for
for Swachhta
Swachhta and Swasthya | 5
and Swasthya
spirit, and will actively lead them to get engaged in campaign as well
as the SBM activities, aiming at closer integration between the two.
Under the Campaign, efforts will be made to ensure that the Village
Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC - formed under SBM at the
Gram Panchayat level) makes available the incentives for Swachhta
Doots as envisaged in SBM, for the volunteers under this campaign
as well.
The key strategy of the campaign is to celebrate a campaign day, every

month, focused on one of its themes (like, Open Defecation Free (ODF)
Day, School and Anganawadi Sanitation day), and build collective action
around theme.
The first month of the year long campaign, will be focused on building
community level preparations for the campaign, and in subsequent
eleven months, each monthly campaign day will be focused on a
particular theme. 10 to 15 days before every monthly campaign day will
also be focused on preparation for the upcoming campaign day. These
preparations will include, community level mobilization with active
engagement of core group of the campaign and preparing logistics
required for the campaign day.
In each campaign day, some activities and tasks for follow-up will
emerge, which may require action at community level, but may also need
coordination and follow up with government programme or agency
for utilizing the programme provisions. Post campaign day follow up
for building and use of toilets, or construction or repairsin school toilet
are examples of such critical follow-up actions. On each campaign day,
an account of the follow-up actions from previous campaign days will
also be presented and discussed, and efforts will be made to resolve the
challenges and problems.
The structure of eleven monthly campaign days is illustrated in Figure

1given at the end of this chapter as Annexure 1.

Convergence of Campaign
At Gram Panchayat Level – the Gram Panchayat (GP) and the Village
Water and Sanitation Committee (VWSC-formed at Gram Panchayat
level) will oversee and support, the planning and implementation of
the campaign in the villages within its area.
Strong convergence of campaign with Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM),
is to be ensured. Convergent use of the funds available under the
SBM and NHM, and integration of programme activities, will be done
to operationalize and support the campaign. Following funds will be
pooled-in to support the implementation of campaign -
¾¾ Funds available under SBM for building of Household Toilets,
Community Toilets and toilet facilities in school and Anganwadi.
For Household Toilets, a provision of Rs. 12000 per toilet is
available under SBM (Gramin).
¾¾ Funds available under SBM for Solid/Liquid Waste Management
(Capital Cost).Funds available are based on number of household
in each GP (Up to a maximum of Rs.7 lakh for a GP with up to 150
households, Rs.12 lakh for up to 300 households, Rs.15 lakh for
up to 500 households and Rs. 20 lakh for GPs with more than 500
households).
Structure of VHSNC led VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for Swachhta and Swasthya | 7
¾¾ Funds available under SBM for IEC, Start Up Activity and Capacity
Building costs (Up to 5% of state’s total project cost,which is
available at State level)
¾¾ Untied fund of VHSNCs from NHM @ Rs. 10000 per VHSNC per year.
¾¾ Any other fund available from ICDS programme, Panchayat
department or the Gram Panchayat’sown resources.
Convergence of Campaign with Gram Panchayat

The campaign at the ground level will work in close coordination and
overall supervision and oversight of Gram Panchayat, as explained later in
this guidance Note in the support and supervision section. At the district
level as well, the core group that will support and monitor the campaign,
will include representation from the district level Panchayat structure.
Linkages of campaign with annual planning process

of village and Gram Panchayat
The success and achievement of the campaign’ as well as the requirements
of resources, infrastructure and provisions will be presented before the
Gram Sabha, which will be organized at the end of the year long campaign,
as the last monthly campaign day. Based on the approval of the Gram
Sabha, requirements for resources and support will be submitted to
Gram Panchayat, and will be presented in the annual planning day of the
Gram Panchayat, which is held as the Gram Sabha for annual planning.
IEC and BCC strategies and tools for campaign

IEC and BCC strategies of the campaign will be based on the local context
of the state and district. The focus will be mainly on;
¾¾ Display of posters and information leaflets related to theme of
campaign of the day, during the campaign. IEC and BCC related

communication material of Swachh Bharat Mission will be used
actively on all monthly campaign days.
¾¾ A play / skit on the theme of the day prepared with the community
members by the core group of the campaign will be played on
the evening of the campaign day
¾¾ Films and Videos on the themes of the day, sourced from
programmes within the government and outside, will be shown
in monthly campaign days.
¾¾ Social Media can also be used for the campaign. The core group
of the campaign and other active community members can
make a whatsapp group or a group on any other social media
platform to regularly share the campaign related information
and community mobilization messages. Use of such media
platforms will be limited by availability of smartphones, but
the key messages of campaign can still be shared among all
those who have any mobile phones.
¾¾ A number of participatory tools will be used in the campaign,
like, social and resource mapping by community, transect walk,
sanitation and hygiene survey etc. A few such tools are detailed
out in the annexure-2 at the end of this Guidance note.
Structure of VHSNC led VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for Swachhta and Swasthya | 9
Chapter 3
Operational Design to conduct

Monthly Campaign days
Detailed strategy and activities, key messages and outcomes envisaged

for each of the 11 monthly campaign days are detailed out in this
chapter.
Campaign Day 1: Annual Planning Day for VHSNC

Swachhta Abhiyan
The Annual Planning day will be first in the series of 11 Monthly Campaign
Days. Monthly Campaign Days are the core activity of VHSNC Swachhta
Action Plan initiative. The period of one month preceding the start of
this series will be spent in preparing the ground and organizing critical
resources and support.
Objectives of Annual Planning Day

¾¾ Sharing the key strategies and structure of Swachhta Action
Plan and building a village level consensus for campaign and
its operational plan (including the day and date of monthly
campaign days, venue etc)
¾¾ Identify active volunteers for the campaign from community,
VHSNC members and village level frontline workers
Operational
Operational Design
Design to
to conduct
conduct Monthly
Monthly Campaign days | 11
Campaign days
¾¾ Conducting a participatory analysis of Water, Sanitation and
Health situation of the community and village, and identifying
key strategies of monthly campaign days, and support and
monitoring processes
The basic plan for organizing and conducting the next 10 monthly
Swachhata days and the key activities of each campaign day, will be shared.
Different potential activities and methods of the campaign like rally,
skits, demonstration, campaign jingles, posters, wall painting, swachhta
fair, public lectures, door to door campaigns, formation of a group of
swachhtadoots, (swachhta champions) will be discussed. Community
feedback on appropriateness and feasibility of these methods / activities
will be taken, and volunteers will be identified for different activities.
The potential strategies for moblising required resources would also be
discussed.
The list of the 11 monthly Campaign days will be as listed in the

Annexure 1.
Background Preparations for the Day

VHSNC can conduct following as advance preparation for the day;
1. Prepare a list of village level stakeholders of health and sanitation
related activities
2. Meet the stake holders, discuss with them the planned
Swachhta Abhiyan of VHSNC and invite them for the Planning
day
3. Disseminate the information regarding the planning day widely
in the village for a larger participation through small group
meetings, and household visits
4. Conduct a hygiene and sanitation situation analysis of the village,
identify key areas of challenge and prepare a list of priorities for
the campaign

5. Prepare a draft Swachhta Abhiyan Plan – with the complete list
of monthly campaign days and a brief of key activities of each
campaign day (which will be presented during the planning
day).
6. Make preparations for awareness events like street play, rally,
exhibition of IEC materials etc.
Activities of the Day

The Planning day will be conducted in the village in a place like, Health
Sub Centre, Panchayat Bhavan, Anganwadi Centre or a school where
all villagers can gather easily and a large village level meeting can be
conducted. The VHSNC members will make sure that large number
of community members and stakeholders of health and sanitation
in the village participate in the meeting (including frontline workers
of government departments and programmes related to Water and
Sanitation and Health).
Activities like, a collective ‘Swachhta pledge’ and ‘Awareness Rally’ can be

organized as part of the day. Efforts will be made to emphasize on the
message that Swachhta has to begin at the level of individual and family
level and a collective village campaign can be successful only when
every family and every section/hamlet of the village adopts and owns
the campaign, and also makes efforts to change their own behavior with
respect to Sanitation and Hygiene.
The key activities of the day will include –

¾¾ In the large village level meeting, first of all, the overall Swachhta
Abhiyan Plan will be discussed.
¾¾ A ‘social and resource map’ of the village will be made by using
participatory method. The map will include –
❖ Location of different hamlets, and various social sections of
village, especially the vulnerable sections
Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 13

❖ Open defecation areas of the village
❖ Water drainage channels and water logging spots
❖ Water sources, village ponds and rivers
❖ Garbage dumps
❖ Households with toilets and those without toilets, community
toilets of village, if any exist
❖ School and Angawadi of the village along-with an indication
of functionality status of toilets and water facilities
¾¾ A brief discussion on the seasonality of disease will also be done,
to identify the links between the pattern and seasonality of
diseases and water and sanitation challenges.
¾¾ Overall cleanliness and sanitation hygiene practices in the village,
in School and Aanganwadi, in preparation and serving of Mid
Day meal and hot cooked food, will be discussed
¾¾ Based on the discussions illustrated above, the key Water
Sanitation and Hygiene challenges and their links with health
situation of community and families will be identified, and
priority issues of the village will be discussed
¾¾ A prioritization of the identified water sanitation and hygiene
issues will be done, an action plan for the Campaign will be
prepared, and its key activities will be listed and detailed out.
¾¾ The responsibility of the Campaign activities will be allocated
among VHSNC members and the members of larger
community
¾¾ Mechanisms required for Coordination with other concerned
departments and programmes of government, will be discussed
and specific actions to ensure smooth coordination will be
planned. The key stakeholders for this process will be Public
Health Engineering Department, Women and Child Development

Department, Department of Rural Development, and Education
Department.
¾¾ Information Education and Communication (IEC) and Inter
Personal Communication (IPC) strategies will be discussed and
the key methods for the campaign will be decided. Suitability
of different IEC and mobilization methods for specific campaign
days will also be discussed.
¾¾ Monitoring and Support activities for the campaign will be
discussed, and VHSNC members as well as the community
members, will be assigned the responsibilities as per the
consensus
¾¾ The community will be briefed about the idea of making swachhta
Doot or volunteers for the campaign, so that they can explain
the concept and mobilise the community to volunteer for this
campaign.
Follow Up
At the end of the day, VHSNC will allocate the responsibilities related to
different campaign days among its members and the members from the
larger community. VHSNC will subsequently follow up with its members
and community members who have taken responsibility related to
different campaigns and will support them.
Campaign Day 2 – Village Health and

Sanitation Day
This campaign day will be focused on outlining the Components of
Village Cleanliness and linkages between Hygiene Sanitation and Health.
It will include activities for Collective Village Cleaning like, Swach Basti
Campaign or Parisar Swachhata Muhim in School or Anganwadi or
Panchayat Bhawan.

Outcome:
1. Community is sensitized to and understands need for hygiene
and sanitation
2. Community understands the role of collective efforts for
sanitation and hygiene, by undertaking collective cleaning of
village area by Shramdaan
3. Community prepares an action plan for keeping the village and
its surroundings clean
Preparations for the day:

1. Those who have volunteered to share responsibilities of this
particular campaign day, will make preparations for the day in
collaboration with various community groups like SHG, youth
club, sports clubs etc. They will conduct a meeting, led by VHSNC
to decide the activities and arrangements for the campaign day.
2. Arrangements for the poster campaign on Village Sanitation and
Hygiene to be organized on the campaign day - the invitation
for the poster campaign shall be given at least 10-15 days prior
to the campaign day. Community members, students of the
village and women in particular will be invited to make posters
depicting different ways and priority areas to keep the village
clean. Preparation/collection of posters for exhibition will be
done in advance.
3. VHSNC will identify and invite a resource person to talk on the
theme of the day.
4. A three member group of respected persons of the village, who
have interest and understanding of sanitation and hygiene issues,
will identify two to three clean households of every hamlet / tola
of the village, by making a round of the village. The list will be
shared on the campaign day, and community will be encouraged

to adopt the good hygiene practices of these households. These
households will be honored and felicitated.
5. All required materials for cleaning the village and a specific area
of the village would be arranged in advance. This may include
spade, basket, sickle etc.
Activities of the day:

The activities for the campaign day are:
1. A poster campaign
2. A talk on the importance of cleanliness
3. Household wise cleanliness competition; selection of the cleanest
house.
4. A collective social action involving the whole village community
for cleaning the village or some selected areas like, school,
Anganwadi, Panchayat Bhavan or any other place.
The order of the activities will be decided based on the community’s

opinion.
The activities of the day will start with a poster exhibition, which will also
be used to start discussions around the relevant issues of sanitation and
hygiene. This poster campaign will be arranged in collaboration with Self
Help Groups, youth sports clubs, or any other similar community groups
available in the village as decided earlier. The posters will focus on the
importance of clean village, and its different components. The posters
shall be either developed by the community or collected from block or
district government offices.
In continuation to the poster exhibition a small talk shall be conducted

on the importance of hygiene and sanitation of the village. The VHSNC
will arrange for an expert from an NGO/govt. department, to give a talk
on the subject matter. The talk can also be done by ANM/AWW/ASHA.

Important information to be disseminated on campaign day
Community cannot achieve optimum human development and quality
of life in unhealthy and unclean living conditions and lack of access
to safe water and sanitation and adequate nutrition. Use of unclean
drinking water, improper disposal of human excreta, lack of personal and
food hygiene and improper disposal of solid and liquid waste are key
contributors to an unhealthy and unhygienic life, and they lead to many
diseases. It is estimated that around 30 million people suffer from water
related illnesses annually in our country. Children particularly girls and
women are the most affected.
Critical components of healthy water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours

are:
1. Building and use of sanitary toilets by every family, and complete
elimination of open defecation from the community and its
surrounding (it includes safe disposal of child feces)
2. General Cleanliness of the village area
3. Individual and Home Hygiene – personal hygiene
4. Use of safe and clean drinking water, and use of safe water for
other daily purposes. Safe storage and handling of drinking
water.
5. Regular Handwashing with soap – at all critical times
6. Safe management of solid and liquid waste management – with
emphasis on recycling
7. Vector Control – elimination of sources of vector breeding
A clean community will ensure action on every component listed above,

and will try to ensure that every family and every person adopts these
behavioural changes, because the health benefits of sanitation and
hygiene interventions can be achieved only if the whole community
adopts them.

A clean village will have toilets in every household or every individual
have access to a clean community toilet, and open defecation will be
completely eliminated from its surroundings (many villages, have also
converted their open defecation areas into community parks, which
adds a positive environment to the collective efforts). There will be no
littering around in the village roads and common areas, and there will
be earmarked spaces and waste bins for waste disposal and systems
for regular collection and recycling of waste will be in place. Systematic
composting of organic waste and waste segregation for recycling of
waste is of key importance. The water drainage systems also need to be
organised systematically and recycling of water through easy methods
like water soak pits (or soak channels for bigger volumes of wastewater)
should be ensured, and these measures should ensure that there is
water logging in the village. During the talk the importance of cleaning
the village shall be highlighted. This will include cleaning village roads,
drains, community toilets, footpaths etc. There may be many places in
village that require cleaning, so it is important that a comprehensive
plan for periodic and regular cleaning of village is prepared. The village
community will decide what they will do and what government systems
will do, and they will fix responsibilities to pursue the government agency
or programme.
The activities of the day will also include a cleanliness competition among
households. As mentioned earlier, the list of clean households of the village
drawn up by the three-member group of respected persons of the village,
will be presented during the day. Community may choose the cleanest
household of the village from among the list. This is to bring sanitation
and hygiene awareness at the household level in the village. The cleanest
family in the village can be honored and felicitated by VHSNC.
Follow Up activities:
1. The SHG/youth club or other groups in the village organize
periodic clean up activities of the village.

2. VHSNC will give responsibility for follow up of activities of the
day to one of its members. S/he shall follow up with the groups
in the village.
3. The VHSNC member also will follow up for the completion of
action plan developed on the day.
Campaign Day 3 - Open Defecation Free (ODF)

Village Day -
Outcomes of the Day –
1. Sensitization of community on need for open defecation free
villages and its linkages with health.
2. Providing information on technical options, resources and
programmes for building toilets.
3. Preparing an action plan for building toilets and promoting
behavior change and developing follow-up / implementation
plan.
Background Preparation for the Campaign day –

¾¾ A hamlet level transect walk in various hamlets / areas will be
done with discussions and mobilisation for the campaign day,
and an assessment of the open defecation areas, and availability
of land, space for building Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs),
as well as the community toilets. ASHA and AWW should also
accompany. A tentative list of HHs with toilets, those without
toilets can be made during this hamlet level transact walk.
Distant hamlets and vulnerable pockets, should be taken on
priority.
¾¾ Relevant IEC material and posters, film, folk play, nukkadnatakcan
be prepared or collected for the campaign day.

Activities of the Day–
1. Discussion on previous campaign days, and a review of
progress on their respective action plans.
2. Transect Walk of the village – A quick transect walk of the
village will focus on the open defecation areas of village (used
by men, women and children). The focus will be on sensitization
to problems related to open defecation, and how it leads to
transmission of fecal contamination through water and soil, by
flies, and through human contact.
3. Awareness building and information sharing dialogue –
❖ The observations from transact walk and links of how open
defecation causes fecal contamination to reach our body,
food and water, should be discussed. The cycle of transmission
(Illustration Box No ..) should be shown and the links should be
explained. Discussion should lead to a common consensus on
need for ODF and a resolve to do collective action. Following
points should be stressed upon –
❖ Fecal contamination is one of the most harmful determinants
of health. Even small amount of feces contains lakhs of harmful
bacteria. Feces of children is equally and more harmful
(because they are prone to higher levels of contamination)
Figure 1: Twin Pit Toilet Design
1. Latrine room
2. Pan
3. Tra[
4. Diversion chamber
with slab
5. Leach pit (1.2m deep)
Plan for twin leach pit 6. Leach pit (1.2m deep)

❖ Use of Sanitary toilet by all, is an easy and effective way to break
the transmission cycle and eliminate fecal contamination
from our lives. But it is effective and leads to health outcomes
only when open defecation is completely eliminated from
our community and its surroundings.
❖ Linkages between diseases and hygiene and sanitation,
particularly fecal contamination, which is most critical part
of these linkages, should be discussed. Episodes of Diarrhea,
especially in children contribute greatly to poor health status,
malnutrition and morbidity and mortality. Community
members can be encouraged to share their experiences of
episodes of diarrhea.
4. Discussion on resources and support available – programmes
and technical options available under Swachh Bharat Mission will
be discussed. Representative from programme should provide
complete information about the technical options and resources
/ support available for community. Applications Forms etc., if any
to for receiving financial support from the programme should be
shown, explained and made available.
Figure 2: Fecal Transmission route - 5Fs

5. Action Planning – for building and use of toilets –
The discussion will start with assessment of availability and use of

toilets in the village, both Individual Household Toilets as well as
Community Toilets, and prevailing practices of their use. Dialogue
with individual households and representatives from different
hamlets about building toilets will lead to listing of households who
agree to and have land/space to build toilets,and can mobilise other
resources to build toilets. Developing plan for mobilizing resources/
credit for families who need the resources and a complete village
action plan for 100 percent toilet coverage (Individual house hold
Toilet and community toilets), is the next step.
6. Building implementation plan and fixing of responsibilities
will be next step. It should also have a monitoring and support
plan. A strategy for promoting regular use of toilets should also
be chalked out.
7. A plan for converting open defecation areas in to community
utility spaces like, parks etc. should form part of the follow-up
actions.
8. The day / date and venue and preparatory activities for the next
campaign should be discussed and necessary responsibilities
should be fixed.
Campaign Day 4 - Hand Washing Day

Outcomes:
1. Community understands importance of hand-washing and
knows critical times and correct steps of hand-washing
2. A local culture of hand-washing with soap is fostered and
supported
3. A group to advocate hand-washing is created which includes
school children and adolescents – as Swachhta Champions

Keeping hands clean is one of the most important steps to reduce getting
sick and spreading germs. Many diseases and conditions are spread by
not washing hands with soap and clean, running water. On this day, we
will conduct activities to create awareness on the importance of hand
washing and teach the community how and when we need to wash
hands. Handwashing helps the community stay healthy. It is important
to educate community that Hand-washing;
¾¾ Reduces the number of people who get sick with diarrhea by 31%
¾¾ Reduces diarrheal illness in people with weakened immunity by
58%
¾¾ Reduces respiratory illnesses like colds, in general population by
16-21%
Review of the previous day’s action points:

The activities of the day will begin with a street play or a rally. The review
of the previous month’s actions shall be done subsequently.
Background / Advance Preparations for the day:

1. AnganWadi Worker, ASHA and ANM will disseminate information
about theday and date, time and venue of the campaign day and
its activities, 10-15 days in advance.
2. Arrange IEC materials required to conduct large village level
meeting.
3. Arrange water and soap to demonstrate hand-washing.
4. Arrange a trained resource person to talk on hand-washing and
facilitate its demonstration (ASHA, ANM or Anganwadi Worker
can also be trained to do this).
Activities Suggested for the day:

¾¾ A street play/rally in collaboration with village school to create
awareness on hand washing.

¾¾ Large Village level meeting on importance of hand washing and
demonstration of hand washing.
The day will start with a street play/rally (in collaboration with the school)
to create awareness on the importance of handwashing. This will also
help to ensure participation of the community in large numbers. The key
information to be disseminated during the day will include following;
1. Why to Wash your Hands?
Washing hands prevents illnesses and spread of infections.Hand

washing with soap removes germs from hands. This helps prevent
infections because:
❖ People frequently touch their eyes, nose, and mouth. Germs
get into the body through this and make us sick.
❖ Germs from unwashed hands can get into food and drinks
while we prepare or consume food. Germs also multiply in
some foods or drinks under certain conditions, and grow
further and make us sick.
❖ Germs from unwashed hands can be transferred to other
objects, like handrails, tabletops, or toys, and are transmitted
to another person’s hands.
❖ Removing germs through hand washing therefore helps in
preventing diarrhea and respiratory infections and also helps
prevent skin and eye infections.
2. When to Wash your Hands
❖ Before and after preparing food
❖ Before eating food
❖ Before and after taking care of a sick person
❖ Before and after treating a cut or wound
❖ After using the toilet

❖ After changing diapers or cleaning feces of a child
❖ After blowing nose, coughing or sneezing
❖ After touching an animal, animal feed, or animal waste, after
handling pet food or pet treats
❖ After coming in contact with garbage
Please remember, washing hands with Ash or Mud or Clay is not

recommended as, they can be contaminated.
3. How to Wash your Hands
❖ Six-step hand washing is recommended by World Health
Organization (W.H.O.) for effective hygiene;
❖ Begin by wetting hands with water, take a soap or liquid soap,
and rub hands with soap
❖ Begin rubbing your palms together with your fingers closed,
then together with fingers interlaced.
❖ Move your right palm over left dorsum with interlaced fingers
and vice versa – make sure to rub in between your fingers.
❖ Interlock your fingers and rub their back by turning your wrist
in a half circle motion.
❖ Clasp your left thumb in your right palm and rub in a rotational
motion from the tip of your fingers to the end of the thumb,
then switch hands and repeat the same.
❖ And finally scrub the inside of your right hand with fingers of
left hand closed and repeat the same for your left hand.
During the session the resource person will also demonstrate

handwashing and request one or two community members to practice
it and demonstrate. Then a group of people will be formed, who will
advocate and actively promote hand washing, and participate in all
future sanitation campaign activities. They will also conduct hand-

washing events with community every month, particularly with
school children.
Follow up activities:
Community will ensure follow-up activities to promote for;
¾¾ Building a hand-washing station in households, and in all schools
and Anganwadicentres
¾¾ Behavior change in community to practice hand-washing with
soap, at all critical times
¾¾ Develop sanitation and hygiene champions, who will educate
others about hand-washing
VHSNC will give responsibility to two of its members to conduct

visits to every household in the village and make a list of houses
with a hand-washing station. During the visit the members will also
demonstrate how to properly wash hands. These members also will
facilitate meetings of the advocacy group to conduct hand-washing
events. The hand-washing champions will promote hand-washing
practices in their area and will also organise group activity on hand-
washing every month.

Campaign Day 5 - School and Anganwadi
Cleanliness day
Outcomes:
1. Importance of Hygiene and Sanitation is understood and a process
to improve practices is started and owned by Community
2. A systematic review of infrastructure, upkeep of Water, Sanitation
and Hygiene facilities, and practices on their use is conducted
and process for improvement, its periodic review and follow up
is put in place
3. A process for Hygiene and Sanitation review of Mid Day Meal in
school and Hot Cooked Meal in Anganwadi is conducted, and,
process for improvement in provisions, upkeep and practices, is
put in place
4. A culture of handwashing with soap, is nurtured among children,
and a process for developing school sanitation champions of
school and village, is started
Background –
The Hygiene and Sanitation environment of school and Anganwadi plays a
key role in the overall health and safety of children, students and teachers,
and also makes strong impact on overall performance of students in school.
Non-functional and poorly kept toilets, lack of convenient hand washing
facilities, lack of safe drinking water facilities, and unhygienic conditions and
practices in preparation and serving food under Mid Day Meal in schools,
and lack of Hot Cooked Food in AWCs are some of the key challenges.
They also make a lasting impact on young minds and influence their life-
long behavior. On the other hand, school and AWC also present a critical
platform for demonstrating good sanitation and hygiene provisions and
practices. Children, with better life skills, have been proved very effective
as sanitation champions, who also influence behavior in community.

Improving the systems and practices to ensure food protection, sanitation,
safe water supply, healthy air quality, good lighting, and safe playgrounds
in schools and Anganwadiswill also contribute in promoting practices that
prevent diarrhea and related diseases.
Review of the previous day’s action points:

The activities of the day will begin with a tour of the School and
Anganwadi. Therefore, the review of activities and follow-up actions with
regard to previous month’s campaign day,can be done later in the day.
The VHSNCs members will be asked about the progress made on action
plan prepared during the last meeting. It is important to discuss the
challenges and constraints faced by those responsible for completing
the tasks and identify any support required from the group.
Advance preparations for the day:

¾¾ Anganwadi Worker and ASHA will communicate the date, time and
venue of Campaign day to Village community, all VHSNC members,
and the teachers and students of school and children in Anganwadi,
preferably about seven days before the campaign day.
¾¾ Arrangement of IEC materials, printout of checklist and Quiz
handout required for the Campaign Day, and small gifts and
rewards for children for activities on quiz/games, will be done.
Activities of the day:

Step one – Tour of School and Anganwadi Centre –
A. General cleanliness and overall maintenance of School and

Anganwadi Centre;
Following need to be checked;

a. Rooms are dusted and well ventilated, and regular systems for
cleaning are in place. Check for any cracks on walls and roofs.

b. School / AWC premises and rooms are free of junk and
clutter.
c. Premises are free of garbage and trash, dumped rubble/
debris/building waste, and systems for garbage disposal are
in place.
d. No Water-logging in school / AWC premises. Systems of easy
drainage are in place
e. Cleaning of insides of doors is done (including in toilets and
kitchen)
f. General storage, desks and benches are clean and their
dusting is done regularly
g. There are no leakages in taps, valves, cisterns etc, and no
blockages in drains, sewage pipes and waste water pipes,
and there are provisions / resources for closing the gaps.
h. Premises are free of insects, pests and rodents, if not, what
gaps need to be plugged.
B. Sanitation facilities of the school and Anganwadi -

a. Separate functioning toilet blocks, with privacy and safety,
are in place for boys and girls, and are used regularly. Toilet
doors should lock properly from inside.
b. Overall cleanliness of toilets – that there are no broken
floorings and broken surfaces of toilet seat, water drainage
is smooth and toilet flush is working. Systems for regular
cleaning should be in place.
c. Adequate water supply for toilet use and flushing is in place.
d. Toilet blocks are located in safe and accessible place in school
premises.

e. Toilets have proper provisions for disposal of faecal matter
(either into a septic tank or leech pit design tank) and
connecting pipes are not broken.
f. Handwashing stations are placed appropriately within or
next to toilet blocks, with proper height and dimensions as
suitable for all age groups of School / AWC. Handwashing
stations must have - Basin, Source of running water for rinsing
(tap, jug) and Soap .
g. Waste basket is in place in toilets. In girls’ toilet, provisions for
sanitary napkin disposal should be in place.
C. Drinking Water Facilities in school and AWC -

a. The water supply tap and water tank are clean, and systems
for their regular cleanliness and maintenance are in place.
b. Check for quality of water – water should be Colour free and
Odour free. Field Water Testing Kits should be used to test
water quality.
c. Availability of cup/glass at water access point is ensured.
D. Infrastructure and practices for Mid Day meal / hot cooked

food -

a. Complete sanitation and hygienic practices is followed in the
preparation area and in the process of cooking.
b. Overall cleanliness of Kitchen including floors, walls, and
cleanliness of Utensils is ensured.
c. Separate area should be earmarked for washing of utensils,
and cooking utensils should be washed properly before and
after cooking.

d. Hand-washing is ensured before cooking and serving the food
e. Only safe and clean water is used in preparation of food.
f. Vegetables are washed properly before cooking.
g. Disposal of food waste and waste material is done properly.
h. Food is handled carefully while tasting of food is done.
i. The cook and helpers maintain good personal cleanliness
and hygiene and should not chew tobacco, betel, and khaini
during food preparation and serving.
Step 2- – Sharing of Key findings -
After the tour of school and Anganwadi, group members will discuss
their observations with other team members and school teachers in
assembly hall. A consensus on the priority areas will be arrived at and
action planning for follow-up actions will be conducted.
Step -3 – Preparation of Action Plan
A Framework for Action Plan -

resources required
Key Observations
Good Practices
improvement
from outside
Facility /area
Responsible
Resources
Observed
Support /
Required
Areas for
Timeline
Remarks
Person
General
Cleanliness
Drinking
Water Facility
Toilet Facility
Food
Preparation &
Serving Area

Follow- up Activities Planned:
Activity Level / Who will be involved Resources Proposed
planned Location (nos.) – students, required – Timeline
community Financial,
members Material
Step 4 - After the preparation ofSchool / AWC Action Plan, a demonstration

of correct hand washing method will be done (Campaign day on hand
washing has already been done in previous months) The students will be
counseled on importance of hand washing - before eating food and after
using toilet. After demonstration Mid Day meal will be served to students.
Step 5 – Now the School Champions will be selected based on a quiz that
will be conducted on sanitation and hygiene issues. Teachers will facilitate
this activity and distribute gifts to the winners. Teacher will also be given
responsibility to select 10-12 Student Champions, with representation
from each class and share the list with VHSNC members. These student
champions will ensure that every student of their class will practice hand
washing before eating food. At the end of the month teachers will take
feedback from student champions and discuss their experiences and
corrections needed if any.
Key Messages
• Always wash hands with soap before eating and after using
toilet
• Use only Safe Water for drinking and Use toilet at all times
• Use toilet and urinal carefully and ensure its cleanliness.
• School Teachers and VHSNC members together must conduct
periodic review of Anganwadi and School Sanitation facilities
and practices of their use.

Step 6- Follow up Action: The VHSNCmembers will now divide
responsibility among themselves for follow-up actions. A team oftwo
VHSNC members can take up responsibility of visiting School and
Anganwadi every month. They will also meet the School Champions and
listen to their experiences in promoting hand-washing. They will update
other VHNSC members about the progress made on action plan prepared,
and may also request for additional support and guidance from other
VHSNC members during next meetings.
At the end of the campaign day VHNSC members will discuss the schedule
of follow-up actions and the plan for next month’s campaign.
Campaign Day 6 - Individual and Home Hygiene day

Outcomes
¾¾ Building awareness and understanding in community about
sanitation and hygiene practices at individual and household
level, and impart necessary knowledge about it
¾¾ Demonstration of hygienic practices in handling water and food,
and during process of preparing food
¾¾ Preparation of a plan by community for improving sanitation and
hygiene practices at individual and household level
Hygienic practices help to prevent the spread of germs and illnesses.

Hygienic cleaning involves focusing your efforts in the areas from where
germs are most likely to spread and cause infection. It’s also important to
understand that good hygiene is not about conducting deep and extensive
cleaning occasionally, but it should be a regular process of our daily life.
Preparations for the day

Individual and home hygiene day should be seen as a continuation of
the hand-washing day. On this day, hand-washing messages should also

be repeated. The core activity of the day will be centered on women and
children.
¾¾ ASHA and AWW with the help of VHSNC will find a suitable space
in a common place, where people can gather and also cook a
meal, and a demonstration of process of cooking food, can be
conducted. The Mid-Day meal staff (cooking staff ) of the school/s
in the village will be involved very actively.
¾¾ Women of the village will be invited to the programme, they will
be requested to bring raw food items and utensils for cooking
a meal for the day. All arrangements for cooking a meal for the
participants need to be made.
¾¾ Information of the activities, time and day will be communicated
to community, in advance, by ASHA and AWW.
Activities of the day

The key activity of the campaign day will be a demonstration of cooking
food, and discussions about the issues of water and food handling
and hygiene (discussions will include menstrual hygiene handling at
individual and household level. The steps of the day will be:
¾¾ The women will gather in a place, as decided earlier. Men of the
village shall also be invited to the meeting.
¾¾ A session on hygienic practices shall be taken by ASHA and
AWW of the village (information of this Guidance Notewill help
in preparing the session). The session will include demonstration
of hand-washing as well. Discussions will be done on menstrual
hygiene issues as well.
¾¾ After the session the group will cook food with the items that
they have brought and serve it to the participants.
Key discussions and information to be shared -

The key areas of information sharing and discussions will be following;

A. Personal Hygiene practices for children, and community:
The toddlers and children play everywhere, and use their dirty
hands to scratch an itch, eating food or wiping their nose. They
should be taught about healthy and hygienic practices. Some of
the important hygiene practices are:
Hand-washing: One of the critical habits which should be taught

to children (and should be adopted by all) is hand-washing at
all crucial times. Ensuring proper hand-washing with soap, at all
critical times (before eating food, and also handling food, water
any eatable, and after defecation) will keep us protected from
diseases and infections that are spread through our touch, and
it will also help in preventing recurring common cold and flu.
Six steps of hand washing should be demonstrated and children
should be made to practice it and learn it well. They should be
told about critical times when hand washing is essential; before
eating and after defecation, blowing nose, or playing outside and
touching common places.
Bathing: Bathing properly on a daily

basis, is a critical hygiene practice for all of
us. Teach children to take bath properly,
preferably with soap. Ensure that everyone
in community adopts these practices.
Regularly cutting hair and nails, shaving or
trimming beard / moustaches, and keeping
them clean is also important.
Coughing and sneezing etiquette: Explain

and demonstrate the protective measures to be
taken while sneezing. ("See how I put a tissue/
handkerchief over my nose and mouth so I didn't
spread germs?"). Teach small children to blow by

pressing one nostril closed
while exhaling gently
through the other.
Tooth brushing: Children

need help in ensuring
dental hygiene till around
eight years of age. Explain
and demonstrate correct
way of brushing teeth (in vertical soft rubbing) and make them
comfortable with it, by practicing. Suggest the children to adopt
a habit of brushing teeth twice a day.
Skin care: Toddlers and preschool children need parents to help
them with skin care. Skin blemishes like, rashes, bumps and scabs,
are common at this age. Proper bathing and use of moisturizing
lotion (or mild oil like coconut oil) after bath is required to take
care of the skin, by not only children but by all.
Nails: Fingernails are a breeding ground for bacteria. The germs
that live under nails easily transfer to eyes, nose, and mouth. Help
the children learn to keep their nails trimmed and clean.
Teaching the children using the toilet: Train your child to
use toilet, and adopt habits that are important for cleanliness.
Proper cleaning of buttocks after defecation and subsequently
proper hand-washing is a critical hygienic habit.
Menstrual Hygiene: Menstrual
Hygiene is a very critical part of
our personal hygiene. Its important to
teach girls to use sanitary pads during
their menstrual cycle (or clean cloth
which is regularly washed and dried in
direct sunlight, if use of sanitary pad is

not possible). Encourage girls to keep a chart of their menstrual cycle
so that they are prepared to ensure menstrual hygiene during the
periods. Safe disposal of sanitary pads after use, is also very critical.
B. Regular home cleaning practices for a healthy home
We need to regularly and properly clean our home to prevent the

spread of Illnesses.Household cleaning tasks need to be usually
done according to the following timetable:
Several times daily

❖ Wipe down kitchen benches after food preparation.
❖ Wash dishes and cooking utensils after each meal.
Once daily
❖ Sweep the floors.
❖ Empty the kitchen rubbish bin.
❖ Clean the courtyard and surroundings of the house
Once or twice every week

❖ Wash the floors.
❖ Clean the toilet.
❖ Clean the laundry tubs.
❖ Clean the shower recess/bath and handbasin.
❖ Dust surfaces
Once every month

❖ Clean the stove/oven and refrigerator
❖ Clean cupboards, windows and walls
❖ Brush the flyscreens
❖ Get rid of cobwebs

It is important to remember that it may be necessary to do some
cleaning tasks more often. This is because there are times when
parts of the house get much dirtier than usual. For example,
the toilet may get very dirty when a lot of children or visitors
are using it or when someone in the house has diarrhea. Some
people may not know about the importance of keeping a house
clean or what needs to be done. ASHA and AWW can help them
understand.
C. Kitchen Hygiene Practices

1. Keep clean: Protect kitchen areas and food from insects,
pests and other animals and keep food covered or in closed
containers
2. Keep raw and cooked food separately
3. Cook thoroughly
4. Keep food at safe temperatures: Do not leave cooked food at
room temperature for more than 2 hours. When food is kept for
longer periods, it should be placed in a cool and dry place.
5. Use safe water and raw materials
6. Use long handle ladle in your house - to fetch water from
the water container, or use a container with a tap. The water
containers should be kept on a clean and dry place preferably
on a higher platform.
Campaign day 7 - Liquid and Solid Waste

Management Day
The Liquid and Solid Waste Management Day aims to identify and
discuss challenges of liquid and solid waste at community level, and
build understanding and knowledge about their management in an
environment friendly manner.

Outcomes
¾¾ Building awareness and understanding about challenges of
liquid and solid waste management
¾¾ Promoting regular waste segregation and recycling and safe
liquid waste management practices
¾¾ Orienting community on construction and use of Soak pits and
Compost pits
A major part of our garbage is organic matter, which can be converted
by composting into very useful manure. Everything else that forms our
garbage like, plastic, glass and metal etc., can also be easily recycled.
Waste is often not segregated into dry waste and wet waste, due to
which composting or recycling is not possible, and the garbage goes
into landfills. Segregation of waste is the first and most important step
in waste management and environment preservation, and it allows for
easy disposal of waste and encourages recycling and reuse. Similarly
wastewater can also be easily used for a variety of purposes, and
problems related to waterlogging can be solved. Effectively channelizing
wastewater into soak-pits will also help in recharging of groundwater.
Preparations:
1. Liquid and Solid Waste Management Day will be organized in
collaboration with the group of volunteers from village. ASHA
should prepare the list of the volunteers after discussing with
them the purpose of the campaign.
2. Volunteers should be identified for demonstration of making
of soak pits and composting pits, and be trained on it. Material
required for making of soak pits and compost pits should be
organized beforehand.
Activities:
1. Orientation of community on problems related to management
of garbage and wastewater.

2. A walk in some parts of the village to show the problems of
garbage and wastewater, hold discussions on the related issues
and help the community in analyzing the problems as well as
solutions.
3. Demonstration of making and use of soakage pit for wastewater.
4. Discussions on how every household can start waste-segregation,
and how organic waste can go into compost pits and other
nonorganic waste can be sent for recycling.
5. An action plan for building water soakage pits and compost
pits in the village will be prepared, and location for these pits
will be identified. Plan for fixing individual responsibilities and
organizing necessary resources and material should also be
finalized. The action plan should be subsequently shared with
Gram Panchayat.
Why to segregate waste

Lack of waste segregation is the cause of clogged landfills, blocked
drains, and soil and water pollution. It also hinders the process of safe
disposal of waste and its reuse. Segregating waste into wet (or organic
waste), from the nonorganic waste (like, plastic, metal, glass etc.), makes
it possible for composting of organic waste and recycling of nonorganic
waste. The wastewater can be disposed by channelizing it into soakage
pits.
How can we segregate waste?

Waste segregation is an easy practice to follow and it can start from
kitchen. Waste can be segregated in to three separate categories; one,
which will have all the wet waste (food waste etc.), second will be dry
waste which is bio degradable –kitchen waste, leaf and dry plants and
the third category will have dry waste which is non bio degradable –
plastic, polythene, metal and glass etc.

A soak pit, also known as a soak away or SokhtaGadhaa, is a covered, porous-
walled chamber that allows water to slowly soak into the ground. It can be
made easily by digging a hole about 4 feet deep and wide. The size of pit
may vary depending on the amount of the waste water. Fill the pit first with
big stones (coconut size), followed by medium stones (guava size), and small
stones (walnut size). Afterthat the pit can be covered with a used jute bag or
coconut fibre. The cover should stretch at least 15 cm beyond the sides of the
pit. Spread mud on this cover and pack it to make the surface of the pit to the
level of the ground. The water inlet into the soakpit should first pass through
a chamber fitted with a perforated plate trap, and then it should reach the
centre of the soakpit a little below the surface, as shown in the illustration.
Management of waste water

Day-to-day household tasks, such as cleaning, bathing, and washing clothes,
produce wastewater. Stagnant pools of water around houses, near the hand
pump, in the streets, and in choked drains are health hazards. Kitchen gardens
are a good method to dispose wastewater, however, all families may not have
space for a garden. Building a water soak pit is an easily doable, practical and
effective method, and it will also help in recharge of groundwater.
Management of Solid waste -

Composting -
Composting is a simple process of breaking down the organic matter
(food waste and other organic waste) in the presence of air and water,
using microorganisms and small insects present in nature. The end
product is called compost, which is rich in usefull plant nutrients, which
form a part of healthy soil.

How to begin your composting journey - Easy steps to
compost your kitchen waste
Separate your edible kitchen waste (vegetable peels, fruit peels, small
amounts of wasted cooked food) in an earth bin and collect dry organic
matter (dried leaves, sawdust) in another earth bin. Dig a pit and line the
bottom of pit with a layer of soil. Nowstart adding food waste in layers
alternating wet waste (food scraps, vegetable and fruit peels) with dry waste
(straw, sawdust, dried leaves). We should cover this pit with a jute bags or
coconut fiber to help retain moisture and heat. If the pile is too dry, we can
sprinkle some water to make it moist. Within 2 - 3 months, this pile will start
forming compost that is dry, dark brown and smells of earth. By segregating
and composting, a family of four members can reduce their waste from 1000
Kg to less than 100 kg every year.
Follow up- VHNSC members will discuss the schedule and topic of the
next campaign. The VHSNC member will also follow up with the Gram
Panchayat on the action plan submitted to it on liquid and solid waste
management.
Campaign Day 8 - Health Awareness Day / Healthy

Lifestyle Promotion Day
Health Awareness Day / Healthy Lifestyle Promotion Day is aimed at
building community level awareness and understanding on key elements
of healthy lifestyle:

Outcomes:
¾¾ Promotion of healthy lifestyle and its key components; healthy
nutrition and regular physical activity,
Figure 1: Dos and Donts
¾¾ Building understanding on harmful effects of tobacco, and

alcohol and advocating a collective effort for their control
Figure 2: Alcohol selling shop
¾¾ Building understanding on linkages between unhealthy

lifestyle and common non communicable disease conditions

(Diabetes and Hypertension), and promoting a culture of healthy
screening
Figure 3: Blood Sugar Check up
The Health Awareness Day will promote health and wellbeing in families
and the community by discussing key elements that affect health; food
and nutrition, level of physical activity and body weight. It will focus on
explaining and promoting benefits of eating healthy, doing physical
exercise, and maintaining a healthy social interaction, as the critical
components of a healthy lifestyle.
Preparations:
¾¾ The day will be organized in collaboration with student groups
of the schools in the village. The VHSNC will approach student
groups like National Service Scheme, Scouts and Guides or
National Cadet Corps (NCC), in Schools or nearby College. If
such groups are not available VHSNC may ask School Teachers
to create a group of students and adolescents in the village
by orienting them about the objectives of Healthy Lifestyles
Awareness Day.
¾¾ The VHSNC will coordinate with the student groups through
schools and find ways to ensure their participation. If the
campaign day falls on a day when schools are open, VHSNC will
coordinate with school to allow students to participate.

¾¾ Preparations will be done for organizing health screening
and check up activities for diabetes and hypertension on the
campaign day.
Activities:
¾¾ As the first step, orientation of community by an expert (or
schoolteacher, or a frontline worker like ANM who has been
trained for it) on the issues related to health awareness will be
done. ASHA/ANM should orient the Schoolteacher or Expert
beforehand or apprise themselves on the prevalent practices
and priority issues of the community.
1. After the orientation, students will perform a role-play or
nukkadnatak (street play) on Healthy Lifestyle. Community
members can also be involved in the play.
2. After the play, important information will be shared
on common Non Communicable Disease, Diabetes,
Hypertension and three common Cancers, and a screening
and check-up for all community members above 30 years of
age will be organized.
3. A discussion will be conducted about shops and establishments
in the village, which sell tobacco and tobacco productsand
alcohol, and measures that can be taken to prevent the sale
of tobacco and tobacco products and Alcohol to minors, and
youth.
4. An action plan to carry on the health promotion activities will
be prepared. A group of ‘Health Champions’, who volunteer
to continue the initiatives as agreed upon by the community,
will be identified. Processes to review and support the health
promotion activities by these Health Champions will be
defined.

Elahiganj in Murshidabad district has become the first village in
Bengal to ban sale and consumption of alcohol and narcotics within
its limits and impose a stiff fine for those flouting the rule.
About 6,000 residents of Elahiganj, about 215 km north of Kolkata,
decided to crack down on the sale and consumption of alcohol after
six people died after consumed hooch in Galsi of neighbouring
Burdwan district.
The villagers formed a committee of 80 people that took the decision
to implement the ban in the first week of January. The decision was
announced from the mosques over loudspeakers and no one raised
any objection.
The committee member successfully turned village into an alcohol
and drug-free one. Several residents of the village who were alcoholics
have lost everything and a year ago a youth of the village was killed
during a drunken brawl. So, most villagers were in favour of the ban.
Members of the committee have decided to impose a fine Rs 2,000
from anyone consuming alcohol, or hooch, in Elahiganj. If anybody
dares to sell alcohol he has to pay a fine of Rs 5,000,”.
“So far every single resident of Elahiganj has supported this initiative and
some villages in the area have evinced interest to emulate this initiative.
What is Health promotion?

Health promotion aims at helping people live a healthy life by making
changes in their lifestyle and working conditions, to prevent diseases,
and avoid complications related to these diseases.
Key components of a Healthy Lifestyle

Healthy Diet – The quantity of food that we need to meet body requirements
differs with age, gender, body composition and physical activity. Those
who engage in heavy physical work need to eat more, but those who do
not do much physical activity need lower quantities. It is advisable for all

of us to eat balanced and nutritious food, which has a right balance of all
food groups, namely grains (eg. Wheat, Rice, Jawar, Bajra), pulses (Arhar,
Chana Dal), Vegetables, and Fruits. There should be an optimum balance
of Fat, Carbohydrate, Protein, Vitamins and Minerals in our daily diet. It’s
also important to have sufficient roughage and fiber in our food.
Regular Physical Activity – Adults should undertake at least 150 minutes

of moderate exercise every week. This can be spread throughout the
week e.g. 30 minutes of activity 5 times per week. Examples of moderate
exercises are; brisk walking (walking fast), climbing stairs, jogging, cycling,
dancing, playing sports and games, yoga, carrying/moving moderate
loads (<20kg), etc.
Avoiding Tobacco – Avoiding consumption of tobacco of all forms is an

important step to a healthy lifestyle. All different ways of consumption
of tobacco, including smoking (cigarettes, bidis, cigars, hukkah) and
smokeless (gutkha, zarda, mawa, pan masala, gudakhu) formsare equally
dangerous for health. The negative health impacts include both long-
term (i.e. High BP, Heart Attack and Cancer) and short-term (Asthma, bad
breath and tooth decay) effects.
Avoid harmful use of Alcohol – Although alcohol has been consumed

in India for a long time, in recent years the harmful use of alcohol has
increased. This means that people are drinking in quantities, which has
harmful effects on body. Harmful effects of alcohol consumption includes
damages to the heart, causing stroke and high blood pressure, increasing
the risk of developing certain cancers - mouth, food pipe, throat, liver and
breast. It leads to a variety of problems related to the liver, kidney, and
pancreas, and weakens the body’s ability to fight diseases.
Important information related to Common Non Communicable

Diseases
Diabetes – When you eat or drink, much of your food is broken down
into a simple sugar called "glucose." People with diabetes either don't

make insulin or their body's cells are resistant to insulin, leading to
high levels of sugar circulating in the blood, called simply high blood
sugar. Persistence of High blood sugar levels damages important parts
of our body and its functioning like, kidney, liver and heart. Blood
sugar levels need to be monitored and managed with medication and
lifestyle changes, which includes, control on diet and regular physical
activity.
Hypertension – Hypertension is also referred to as “silent killer”. This

is because it can exist without causing any warning signs or symptoms.
High blood pressure, if not controlled, can lead to damage of blood
vessels, heart and other organs, such as the brain, kidneys and eyes.
Regular screening of blood pressure helps in making an early diagnosis of
hypertension. This is helpful in taking early corrective measures leading
to better control and management of blood pressure.
Cancer – Cancer is a disease caused by uncontrolled division of cells in any

part of the body. This causes abnormal growth of that part of the body.
The cancer can also spread to other distant parts of the body through
the blood. There is a variety of cancers that are prevalent in our country,
but the three most common cancers in India are; cancer of the cervix and
breast among women and oral cancers in both women and men.
Screening for Diabetes,

Figure 4: Screening Camps
Hypertension, and Cervical,
Oral and Breast Cancer can be
conducted at community level, by
trained frontline workers. On the
campaign day screening can be
organized as per the provisions
and mechanisms under the
Government of India initiative of
‘population based screening’ for
non communicable diseases.

KEY MESSAGES
¾¾ Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a leading cause of
deaths and morbidity globally, and now India also faces this
health challenge.
¾¾ NCDs burden families, reduce productivity, and cause
impoverishment.
¾¾ Tobacco use, and harmful consumption of Alcohol,arethe leading
preventable risk factor for NCDs.
¾¾ Health promotion and positive lifestyle changes enhance the
quality of life, and reduce premature deaths.
¾¾ By focusing on prevention, health promotion reduces the costs
(both financial and human) that individuals and communities
would spend on medical treatment
Follow up – At the end VHNSC members will discuss the schedule and
structure of the next campaign. The VHSNC members will also follow up
with the Gram Panchayat on the action plan of the day submitted to it.
Campaign Day 9 - Vector Control Day

Outcome:
1. Building an understanding on need for Vector Control at village
level and its methods
2. Demonstration of methods of vector control and promoting a
culture of community level interventions for keeping the village
vector free
3. Preparing an action plan for keeping the village vector free
Vectors are organisms that transmit disease causing pathogens & parasites
from one infected humans/animals to another, causing serious diseases
in populations. These diseases are more commonly found in regions and

places where access to safe drinking-water and sanitation systems is not
properly available. We can control the breeding of vectors by keeping our
environment clean.
Preparations for Campaign Day;

¾¾ The day will be organized in collaboration with students groups
of the schools in the village. The VHSNC will approach any
student group like National Service Scheme, Scouts and Guides
or National Cadet Corps (NCC) etc. If such groups are not available
VHSNC can arrange a group of youth, students and adolescents
in the village and orient them.
¾¾ The VHSNC will coordinate with the student groups through
schools and ensure their participation on the campaign day.
Activities on Campaign Day:

¾¾ An Orientation session for students by an expert or one of the
schoolteachers. The resource person shall be given a small
orientation with the help of this Guidance Noteto take the
session.
¾¾ After receiving the orientation the students will conduct a door to
door visit in the village in different groups and do the following –
❖ Impart information regarding vector borne diseases
❖ Make a list of water logging areas/water bodies in the village
❖ Invite villagers for a programme on prevention of vector
borne diseases
¾¾ Cleaning of one of the water logging areas in the village, after
a door-to-door campaign. Any pool of stagnant water is a source
of mosquito breeding, and in all places where water is collected
and remains stagnant, measures should be undertaken to stop
mosquito breeding by regularly cleaning the water or by using
measures like, pouring of chemicals / oils on the water surface.

¾¾ A small IEC activity (street play/skit/talk) on importance of keeping
the village vector free, will be conducted.
¾¾ Students also will prepare a plan to keep the village vector free, which
will be submitted to the Gram Panchayat for their needful action.
Steps and Methods to stop transmission of diseases through Vectors/
Mosquitos
To stop the spread of vector borne diseases, action has to be taken at
many levels;
(i) Environmental Changes:
❖ Long lasting physical transformation of vector habitats that
involves improving water supply lines (to plug leakages
that lead to water logging), mosquito proofing (closing the
openings with mosquito nets) of overhead tanks, cisterns or
underground reservoirs.
❖ Management of essential and non-essential water containers
and management or removal of natural breeding sites.
(ii) Changes at Household level
Steps to reduce man-virus contact by mosquito proofing of
houses with screens on doors/windows will be taken.
(iii) Biological Control Measures to Stop Mosquito Breeding
❖ Larvivorous fish are recommended for control of some types
of mosquito (Ae. Aegypti) in large water bodies or large water
containers.
❖ A type of Endotoxin-producing bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis
serotype H-14 (Bt H-14) has been found an effective mosquito
control agent.
(iv) Chemical Control Measures to Stop Mosquito Breeding
In this method a chemical is poured into water containers which
kills mosquitos. We can also use oils which are poured on to the
water surface suffocating the larvae and pupae.

(v) Personal Protection
Personal protection is very important in keeping us safe from

vector borne diseases. Protective clothing and repellents are
common means of personal protection against mosquitoes and
other biting insects. Household insecticide products, namely,
insecticide treated bed nets, mosquito coils, pyrethrum space
spray and aerosols have been used extensively for personal
protection against mosquitoes.
Care should be taken while using Mosquito repellents: Mosquito

repellents are quite effective but they should be used with the
caution, do not use them for infants below 2 months of age. For
infants older than 2 months, apply repellents containing 10 per cent
DEET; but avoid applying them on palms, near eyes or mouth. Always
read the instructions on the label of these repellents, particularly for
babies, pregnant and breastfeeding women. Natural repellent like
Neem Oil can also be used effectively to prevent mosquito bite.
Follow up:
The VHSNC will follow up with the Gram Panchayat on the submission of
the action plan submitted by students.
Check list of Mosquito hideouts

The list given below is not exhaustive, and is only indicative. Any
stagnant water however small or big is source of mosquito breeding.
¾¾ Drains: Keep outdoor drains flowing freely
¾¾ Irrigation: Do not release excess water, and repair areas with
standing water
¾¾ Flat roofs: Inspect for puddles after it rains
¾¾ Tires: Dispose or drill holes for water drainage
¾¾ Tool sheds: Eliminate water around foundation

¾¾ Garbage cans/ Trash cans and recycling bins: Clean weekly and
keep covered
¾¾ Unused pipes: Store flat so no water collects
¾¾ Water troughs for animals: Replace water weekly, stock with
mosquito fish for larger animal troughs
¾¾ Containers/Buckets etc. : Cover or turn upside down
¾¾ Faucets and hoses: Fix any leaks
¾¾ Machinery: Cover and clean any areas that may hold water
¾¾ Potted plants: Do not over-water and empty the saucers every
week
¾¾ Tarps, plastic bags and sheets
¾¾ Shrubs: Trim and thin shrubs and bushy plants where mosquitoes
tend to hide
Major Vector Born Diseases, their symptoms and prevention measures

Disease Host / Trans- Seasonality Symptoms Prevention Treatment
mission / Areas of
Spread
Malaria Malaria is Only the high Symptoms of Use mosquito If you have
transmitted altitude areas malaria include killing/repelling symptoms
via the bites(above 2000 intermittent products, bed present
of infected m / 6562 ft) of fever with nets and proper yourself to
Female the following Chills, shivering, clothing. a medical
anopheles states are risk sweating, doctor.
Reduction of
mosquitos. free: Himachal headache, and ASHA can
number of
Pradesh, Jammu vomiting, and guide
Malaria- mosquitoes
and Kashmir, usually appear you with
transmitting Uttarakhand, by improved
between 10 and diagnosis
mosquitoes water storage,
Arunachal 15 days after the and
primarily proper waste
Pradesh, and mosquito bite. referral for
bite between Sikkim. disposal, and treatment
dusk checking water
and dawn. Malaria Occurs stagnancy.
throughout the
year, during
rainy season it
occurs in high
numbers.

mission / Areas of
Spread
Dengue It is During and Early signs of Use mosquito See a
transmitted after the dengue may killing products, doctor,
by several monsoon are include high bed nets and take the
species of ideal for the fever, joint pains, clothing. prescribed
mosquitos virus to grow headache, nausea, medication
and proliferate Reduction of
appetite loss, which are
number of
vomiting, dip in mostly pain
mosquitoes
blood pressure and relievers,
by improved
would perpetuate rest and
water storage,
with a characteristic drink
proper waste
skin rash. maximum
disposal, and fluids. If the
The latter situation checking water situation
is characterized stagnancy. worsens in
by a drop in the the first 24
level of blood hours, do
platelets, blood not delay
plasma leakage or a going to a
severely low blood hospital for
pressure. checking
The fever that lasts against
beyond 7 days criticalities.
is not dengue.
Dengue virus is
mostly active in the
early morning and
later afternoon.
But Typically people
infected with
dengue virus are
asymptomatic (80
per cent) and only
5 per cent have
severe illness
Chikun- Mosquito During and Some of its clinical Use mosquito Treatment
gunya bites after the signs are similar to killing products, is directed
monsoon are Dengue. It causes bed nets and primarily
ideal for the fever and severe clothing. at relieving
virus to grow joint pain. Other the
Reduction of
and proliferate symptoms include symptoms,
number of
muscle pain, including
mosquitoes
headache, nausea, the joint
by improved
fatigue and rash. pain using
water storage,
Joint pain is anti-
proper waste
often debilitating pyretics,
disposal, and
and can vary in optimal
checking water
duration. analgesics
stagnancy. and fluids

mission / Areas of
Spread
Kala Azar Sand-fly bite Endemic Recurrent fever Vector control Treatment
Black fever (Sand-flies in eastern intermittent or through IRS is available
are small States of India remittent with with DDT up to in Primary
insects, about namely Bihar, often double 6 feet height. Health
one fourth of Jharkhand, rise loss of This is managed Centres of
a mosquito) Uttar Pradesh appetite, pallor by government Endemic
and West and weight loss programme districts for
Bengal with progressive in endemic free.
emaciation districts
weakness
Skin - dry, thin
and scaly and hair
may be lost. Light
coloured persons
show grayish
discolouration of
the skin of hands,
feet, abdomen and
face which gives
the Indian name
Kala-azar meaning
"Black fever"
Anaemia -
develops rapidly
JE Mosquito Southern India, JE virus infection Reducing the
bite Uttar Pradesh, presents classical vector density
North Eastern symptoms similar and in taking
states, Haryana virus causing personal
encephalitis protection
(Early symptoms against
are fever, mosquito bites
photophobia, and using insecticide
headache) treated mosquito
nets

Chapter 4
Support, Supervision and

Reporting Systems

mission / Areas of
Spread
filariasis Blood- Filariasis is Filariasis doesn't Annual MDA
feeding black endemic in show any initial single dose
flies and 17 States and symptoms. DEC (6 mg/kg
mosquitoes six Union Swelling of arms, body wt.) for at
Territories legs, damaging of least five years
lymph system are to the entire
the major filaria population of an
symptoms of endemic district
filaria. (excluding
The disease children under
manifests often in two years,
bizarre swelling pregnant
of legs, and women and
hydrocele and severely ill
is the cause of a patients), and
great deal of social home-based
stigma management of
lymphoedema
cases and
hydrocelectomy
operations
in identified
Community
Health Centres
(CHCs) and
hospitals
Campaign Day 10 – Campaign Celebration Day

The structure of the day will be flexible and will be designed by the local
campaign team.
Support,
Support, Supervision
Supervision and
and Reporting
Reporting Systems
Systems | 57
Key objectives of the day will be –
¾¾ Identifying key successes, outputs and outcomes achieved by the
campaign overall, and those that relate to respective campaign
days.
¾¾ Identifying and facilitating champions of the Campaign
¾¾ Identifying key challenges,desired actions and required
resources for the campaign, and mapping programmes and
schemes as well Panchayat and government funds which can
be targeted.
The spirit of the day will be celebratory and will focus on honoring the core
group members, campaign champions as well as the community for their
role in campaign. But the emphasis will also be on consolidating the future
course of action and priorities for the campaign in the next year. The day
will also decide the structure of representation and issues to be presented
before the next month’s campaign day – the Gram Sabha Day.
Campaign Day 11 – Gram Sabha Day

The structure of the day will be designed by the local campaign team,
as per the convenience, and suggestions of the community and Gram
Sabha(which comprises of all adult members of community) of the
village.
Key objectives of the day will be –

¾¾ Presenting before the Gram Sabha, key successes, outputs and
outcomes of the overall campaign, and the respective campaign
days.
¾¾ Recognition of champions of the campaign by the Gram Sabha
¾¾ Presentation of the key challenges, desired actions and required
resources for the campaign before Gram Sabha for their approval
and support

The Gram Panchayat, will be the main platform at which the campaign
will be monitored and supported on the ground.
The initial planning of the campaign during its first month of preparatory
phase, will be presented by the campaign core group in the monthly
meeting of Gram Panchayat, and will be finalized taking their inputs.
Approval of GP will be taken on some of the key issues of campaign,
namely;
¾¾ Timings and date / day and venue of the campaign – the day or
date for monthly campaign days should be fixed for that village.
Though the day/date may be different for different VHSNCs /
villages
¾¾ Key activities and methods of each campaign day
¾¾ A draft list of 2-3 key monitoring indicators for each campaign
day, will be shared
Subsequently in each month’s GP meeting a status report of the campaign

will be presented by the campaign core group. The follow-up issues will
be discussed, and convergence and coordination related action would
be planned. Because, the GP is the implementing agency for the SBM
programme activities, the support to the campaign required from the
available provisions under SBM will be discussed, finalized and followed
up in the monthly GP meetings.
The team of programme managers from the Community Processes

support structures (ASHA Programme Support Cadre), at the state
and District level will lead, support and monitor the initiative at their
respective levels.
Community Processes support teams of states will also work for

coordination and convergence with other related departments at state
level. Collaborative working groups will be formed at both state and district
level. It may include representatives from resource unit under Swachh
Support, Supervision and Reporting Systems | 59

Bharat Mission (SBM) – (which is known as Water and Sanitation Support
Organization (WSSO) or Communication and Capacity Development
Unit (CCDU), and from Ministry of Women and Child (WCD), as well as the
Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR).
At district level also a similar collaborative group led by District Community

Mobiliser (DCM under NHM), with representatives from District Swachh
Bharat Mission Management Committee, representation from DWCD, &
Department of Panchayati Raj, as well as from the Zila Panchayat can be
formed.
A core group of the campaign will be formed, at the level of every VHSNC,
comprising of the VHSNC members, and representatives chosen from
among the community members.
For every Campaign day, a set of 2-3 key indicators will be decided at
the end of the campaign day, which can also be linked to the follow-up
actions planned related to that campaign day. For example, for ODF Day,
one key indicator can be the number of households without toilets who
have agreed to building toilet in their houses.

annexure 1
Methods and Tools of

Campaign
w Social and Resource Map

A social map of a village is a map drawn by the community members
that shows the structure of village, its spatial design, roads and
major landmarksas well as an indicative structure of how village is
populated. Resources and institutions of village are also drawn on the
Figure 1: Social Map
Methods
Methods and
and Tools
Tools of
of Campaign
Campaign | 61
map. In the social resource map for Swachhta Campaign all resources
and locations important from the point of view of water, sanitation
and hygiene will be clearly marked, to help the community analyse
their problem areas and potential actions for improvement.
Figure 2: Resource Map
w Transect Walk
A transect walk is a systematic walk along a defined path (transect)
across the community/village together with the local community to
explore the water and sanitation conditions by observing, asking,
listening, looking at the water, sanitation and hygiene related
practices, areas used for open defecation, areas used for throwing
and dumping garbage etc. This exercise will help the community
understand their incorrect practices and systems and possible areas
for improvement.

Figure 3: Transect Walk
w Seasonality of Diseases
In seasonality analysis of diseases, community identifies pattern
of diseases and ailments in different seasons,based on their own
experience. This analysis helps them identify possible interventions and
preventive and promotive actions that can be undertaken to reduce
and stop incidence and possible outbreak of infectious diseases.
w Sanitation and Hygiene Survey of Village

Community and its institutions like, School, and
Anganwadi
In sanitation and hygiene survey, the residents will identify water,
sanitation and hygiene challenges and needs of the community,
Methods and Tools of Campaign | 63

infrastructure, provisions, practices and facilities available as well as
the improvements required.
w Sanitation survey of water Sources

In sanitation survey of water sources the residents will map the water
sources of the village, and with the help of frontline staff of water and
sanitation department of the state, categorise them into those which
are safe for drinking purposes and those which are safe for other
requirements. The survey will also identify any breakages and broken
platforms etc., around the drinking water sources like, Handpump,
which pollutes the otherwise safe water source. The survey will also
identify any repair, cleaning needs and interventions required for
their use.
w Sanitation Survey of Liquid and Solid Waste

Management – demonstration of soak pit,
compost pit:
Survey of liquid and solid waste management includes identifying
incorrect methods of waste management practiced by the community
such as dumping garbageon the roads, opening drains to common
places etc. This activity shall also be accompanied by sharing
information about good water and waste management practices
such as making and use of soak pit or compost pit. During the survey
community will look specifically at drainage lines, garbage related
practices and other waste disposal systems.
w D
emonstration of safe water & food handling
practices:
A trained person or expert will explain and demonstrate safe practices
of handling food and water such as washing hands before handling

food, keeping the food covered and away from contamination,
practices related to handling and storage of drinking water etc.
Shramdaan for Village Cleaning:

w
In Shramdan the community voluntarily comes together to clean a
specific area of the village. For example, cleaning a pond of the village.
The resources required for cleaning activities can be arranged by
community itself, or can be organized by VHSNC or Gram Panchayat.
The residents shall be motivated and mobilized in advance for the
activity.
Methods and Tools of Campaign | 65

Chapter 1 2
annexure
Background of VISHWAS
Campaign Initiative for
Swachhta and Swasthya
1. Annual Planning Day for Swachhata Campaign

2. Village Health and Sanitation Day (Components of Village Cleanliness
and linkages between Hygiene, Sanitation and Health)
3. Open Defecation Free (ODF) Village Day
4. Hand Washing day
5. School and Anganwadi Sanitation day
6. Liquid and Solid Waste Management Day
7. Individual and Home Hygiene day (safe water and food handling,
better upkeep of drinking water)
8. Health Awareness Day / Healthy Life Style Day
9. Vector Control Day
10. Celebration day for Swachhata Champions
11. Gram Sabha on Sanitation & Cleanliness
Methods
Methods and
and Tools
Tools of
of Campaign
Campaign | 67
Design & Layout: JS MEDIA (www.jsmedia.in)

VISHWAS Module

Uploaded by

Document Informationclick to expand document informationIt's about vhsc

Document Informationclick to expand document information

Copyright:

Available Formats

VISHWAS Module

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

VISHWAS Module

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

List of Abbreviations

ANM Auxiliary Nursing Midwifery

The proposed campaign –‘VISHWAS’ (Village based Initiative to

Objective of Swachhta Campaign-

Role of VHSNC as platform for ‘community action'

2 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

The role of collective action and institutionalizing

Building a systematic action oriented campaign led by VHSNC, will strengthen

Background of VISHWAS Campaign Initiative for Swachhta and Swasthya |3

As an outcome of these campaigns, it was agreed that the Gram

4 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Structure of VHSNC led VISHWAS

The campaign is aimed at building a community level collective initiative

VHSNCs will also identify Swachhta Doots in their community, from

The key strategy of the campaign is to celebrate a campaign day, every

The structure of eleven monthly campaign days is illustrated in Figure

6 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Convergence of Campaign with Gram Panchayat

Linkages of campaign with annual planning process

IEC and BCC strategies and tools for campaign

8 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Operational Design to conduct

Detailed strategy and activities, key messages and outcomes envisaged

Campaign Day 1: Annual Planning Day for VHSNC

Objectives of Annual Planning Day

The list of the 11 monthly Campaign days will be as listed in the

Background Preparations for the Day

12 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Activities of the Day

Activities like, a collective ‘Swachhta pledge’ and ‘Awareness Rally’ can be

The key activities of the day will include –

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 13

14 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Campaign Day 2 – Village Health and

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 15

Preparations for the day:

16 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Activities of the day:

The order of the activities will be decided based on the community’s

In continuation to the poster exhibition a small talk shall be conducted

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 17

Critical components of healthy water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours

A clean community will ensure action on every component listed above,

18 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 19

Campaign Day 3 - Open Defecation Free (ODF)

Background Preparation for the Campaign day –

20 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

Figure 1: Twin Pit Toilet Design

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 21

22 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation

The discussion will start with assessment of availability and use of

Campaign Day 4 - Hand Washing Day

Operational Design to conduct Monthly Campaign days | 23

Review of the previous day’s action points:

Background / Advance Preparations for the day:

Activities Suggested for the day:

24 | VISHWAS - Village based Initiative to Synergise Health, Water And Sanitation