Designing and Performance Analysis of an Electric

Vehicle using MATLAB/Simulink

Dr. Debani Parshad Mishra Pavan Kumar
Department of Electrical and Department of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering, Electronics Engineering,
IIIT Bhubaneswar IIIT Bhubaneswar
Bhubaneswar, India Bhubaneswar, India
debani@iiit-bh.ac.in b321055@iiit-bh.ac.in

Abstract— Conventional vehicles provide good performance the living beings on earth. According to a Wikipedia report,
and good ranges. But due to low fuel economy and poor gas the International Energy Agency said in 2021 that
emissions and environmental pollution, interest towards electric governments should do more to meet climate goals, including
vehicles is increasing. In order to reduce CO2 emissions and policies aimed at increasing mass electric vehicles [2-3]. The
improve the environment, the introduction of electric vehicles global share is expected to increase from 2% in 2016 to 30%
(EVs) is a good measure. In this paper, the use and making of by 2030 [4] [5]. The global EV market size was $280 billion
electric vehicles has been explained. In this study, a dynamic by July 2022 and is expected to grow to $1 trillion by 2026
model of an electric vehicle has been created using
[6]. Most of this growth can be seen in northern markets such
MATLAB/Simulink. State of charge(SOC) and range
as America, Europe and China [5]. Due to this high demand
estimation have also been explained in this project. In this
article, the design and simulation are analyzed in detail and the and growth of EVs across the world, there is a great need for
step-by-step approach is also discussed. research and development on EVs. With large capacity
batteries, electric vehicles run on the onboard battery while the
Keywords:— Electric Vehicle, Drive Cycle, State of electric motors and all onboard electronics run on their own
Charge(SOC), MATLAB/SIMULINK, Battery Management batteries. Electric vehicles are not dangerous and do not emit
System(BMS). any toxic pollutants. As a result, in the near future, electric
vehicles will be considered the most promising mode of
I. INTRODUCTION transportation. Electric vehicles run on large capacity
Almost all over the world, there is development in the batteries. Electric motors and all kinds of onboard electronics
transportation sector and rapid progress is also being made as run on their batteries. Like car is a good example of
part of the development and upgrades in technology. Due to transportation used in cities and villages. Fuel consumption
this development in the transportation sector, electric vehicles for vehicles is increasing significantly in the world. Which
(EVs) are being introduced in the market. In this, the contributes to more than half of the energy use in global
development and emergence of technologies is seen in all transportation. Today, energy conservation is one of the most
areas of the modern world, a country, and an organization are serious issues facing the world's ecology. And due to which
growing at a rapid pace. Transport sector in a country plays a our global energy environment is also facing many challenges.
very important role in making development easier and faster. While any prediction of its future depends on energy, we
Due to high demand for freight transportation in almost every believe transportation will play an important role in reducing
sector, the use of fossil fuels has increased across the world, future energy consumption. Internal combustion engine (ICE)
which has increased CO2 emissions significantly. According technology has been developed over the past 100 years
to Wikipedia, the transportation sector is responsible for 15% primarily to increase fuel efficiency and reduce emissions [7].
of global CO2 emissions [1]. The first electric car was The major hurdles to be addressed in EVs are battery related,
developed in 1884, 25 years after Thomas Parker invented the such as high initial cost, limited driving range, and long
lead-acid battery. Since then many electric vehicles started battery charging time [8]. An electric vehicle has been created
appearing. T. Hoffman and C.H.D.A.I. Studied the effect of through MATLAB simulation, which can be used to study the
different types of gear-boxes on energy. And the powertrain model of the vehicle using formulas [9]. The subsystems of
system has been investigated using fixed gear system, manual the e-bike system are simulated, and the motor (permanent
gearbox and CVT gearbox [1]. To achieve vehicle and motor magnet synchronous motor), controller (field direction
durability, higher power and torque, and higher range over control) and battery (lithium ion), range of estimation, state of
time on a single charge, various types of EVs were introduced charge are discussed separately. The dynamics of the bicycle
into the market such as battery electric vehicles, plug-in have also been examined and accurately modeling in order to
hybrids, and fuel cells. Vehicle. Battery electric vehicles are provide the necessary road response [10]. The MATLAB
powered by electricity stored in battery packs. Plug-in hybrids model is based on mechanical equations, and the power source
combine a gasoline or diesel engine with an electric motor and is an underlying model for a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery [11].
a large rechargeable battery. Fuel cell vehicles split electrons All the required block for design of EV system is shown in
to produce electricity from hydrogen molecules to run the Figure 1.
motor. All these types of EVs have their own advantages and
disadvantages. Still, the demand for EV is everywhere and is
increasing day by day in the world due to the expensiveness
of fossil fuel and high maintenance cost of conventional
vehicles. Which is a very good thing for the environment and

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[2] J. Clerk Maxwell, A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 3rd ed., [7] M. Young, The Technical Writer’s Handbook. Mill Valley, CA:
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[3] I. S. Jacobs and C. P. Bean, “Fine particles, thin films and exchange
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Transl. J. Magn. Japan, vol. 2, pp. 740–741, August 1987 [Digests 9th published.
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