Differential Equation (Formulas) Integral of Trigonometric Functions

❖ ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sin 𝑥 + 𝐶 ❖ ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = −𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 𝐶

Trigonometric Derivatives ❖ ∫ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 + 𝐶 ❖ ∫ sec 𝑥 tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sec 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
❖ (sin 𝑢) = cos 𝑢 ❖ ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝐶 ❖ ∫ csc 𝑥 cot 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − csc 𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢
❖ (cos 𝑢) = − sin 𝑢 Integral of Rational Functions
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 1
❖ (tan 𝑢) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑢 ❖ ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|𝑥| + 𝐶
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 ❖ ∫ 1𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝐶
❖ (cot 𝑢) = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 ❖ ∫ 𝑎𝑑𝑥 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝐶
❖ (sec 𝑢) = sec 𝑢 tan 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 Integral of Exponential Functions
❖ (csc 𝑢) = −csc u cot 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝑛+1
❖ ∫ 𝑥 𝑛 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶; 𝑛 ≠ 1
𝑛+1
Basic Formulas for Differentiation ❖ ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑎𝑥
Derivative of a Sum Chain Rule ❖ ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + 𝐶 ; 𝑎 > 0, 𝑎 ≠ 1
ln 𝑎
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
❖ (𝑢 + 𝑣) = + =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
Integral of Logarithmic Functions
Derivative of a Product Inverse Function Rule
𝑑 𝑢𝑑𝑣 𝑣𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦 1 ❖ ∫ ln (𝑎𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = xln|𝑎𝑥| − 𝑥 + 𝐶
❖ (𝑢𝑣) = + =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
❖ ∫ ln (𝑥) = 𝑥| ln 𝑥 − 1| + 𝐶
❖ ∫(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 − 2𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥 + 2𝑥
Derivative of a Quotient L’Hôpital’s Rule 𝑥 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥−𝑥
𝑣𝑑𝑢 𝑢𝑑𝑣
❖ ∫ log 𝑎 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 log 𝑎 𝑥 − =
+ 𝑙𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑛𝑎
𝑑 𝑢 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓′(𝑥)
❖ ( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
lim = lim ❖ ∫ ln(ax + b) dx =
(𝑎𝑥+𝑏)ln|𝑎𝑥+𝑏|−(𝑎𝑥+𝑏)
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑔′(𝑥) 𝑎

Power Formula Analytic Geometry Formulas

𝑑 𝑑𝑢
❖ (𝑢𝑛 ) = 𝑛𝑢𝑛−1 Lines in Two Dimensions
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
❖ Slope-intercept Form
Trigonometric Function of Common Angles y= 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑏
π π π π ∆𝑦 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒
θ 0 π 𝑚 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑟 ; 𝑏 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠
2 3 4 6 ∆𝑥 𝑟𝑢𝑛
sin θ 0 0 1 √3 √2 1 ❖ Two-point Form
𝑦2 −𝑦1
2 2 2 y−𝑦1 = (𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
1 𝑥2 −𝑥1
cos θ 1 -1 0 √2 √3
2 2 2
❖ Point-slope Form
√3 y−𝑦1 = 𝑚(𝑥 − 𝑥1 )
tan θ 0 0 Undefined √3 1
3 ❖ General Form
Ax+By+C = 0; where A≠0 or B≠0

Trigonometric Identities Circles

❖ Standard Form
Reciprocal Identities (𝑥 − ℎ)2 + (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = 𝑟 2
1 1 1 1
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 𝐶𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 (ℎ, 𝑘); 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 𝑟
𝑐𝑠𝑐 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃

Reciprocal Identities Parabola

𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 ❖ Standard Form
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝜃 =
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 (𝑦 − 𝑘)2 = ±4𝑎(𝑥 − ℎ) → opens sidewards (right +, left -)
(𝑥 − ℎ)2 = ±4𝑎(𝑦 − 𝑘) → opens up +, down -
Pythagorean Identities
𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑒𝑥 (ℎ, 𝑘); 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑚 4𝑎
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃

𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 = 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 − 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 Laws of Exponents

❖ 𝑥 𝑚 ∙ 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑥 (𝑚+𝑛) (Product of Powers) ❖ (𝑥𝑦 𝑛 ) = 𝑥 𝑛 ∙ 𝑦 𝑛 (Power of a Product)
𝑥𝑚 𝑥𝑛
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 =1 1= 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 −𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝜃 1= 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝜃 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 2 𝜃 ❖ 𝑛 = 𝑥 (𝑚−𝑛) (Quotient of Powers) 𝑥
❖ ( )𝑛 = 𝑛 (Power of a Quotient)
𝑥 𝑦 𝑦
❖ (𝑥 𝑚 )𝑛 = 𝑥 𝑚𝑛 (Power of a Product) 1
❖ 𝑥 −𝑛 = (Negative Exponent)
Properties of Logarithms 𝑥𝑛

❖ log 𝑏 𝑢 + log 𝑏 𝑣 = log 𝑏 𝑢𝑣 Standard/General Equations

𝑢 Differential Equations of Order 1 and First Degree / Exact Equations
❖ log 𝑏 𝑢 − log 𝑏 𝑣 = log 𝑏
𝑣
❖ log 𝑏 𝑢𝑣= 𝑣 log 𝑏 𝑢 ❖ 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦 = 0
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑀(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑁(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦;
❖ log 𝑏 𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 log 𝑏 𝑏 = 1 𝜕𝑀 𝜕𝑁
𝐼𝑓 = , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑥𝑎𝑐𝑡.
❖ 𝑏 log𝑏 𝑥 = 𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
❖ log 𝑀 + log 𝑁 ↔ log 𝑀𝑁 or ln 𝑀 + 𝑙𝑛𝑁 ↔ ln 𝑀𝑁
𝑀 𝑀 Separation of Variables
❖ log 𝑀 − log 𝑁 ↔ log or ln 𝑀 − 𝑙𝑛𝑁 ↔ ln ❖ 𝐹(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝐶
𝑁 𝑁
❖ 𝑎 log 𝑀 ↔ log 𝑀𝑎