IELTS TASK 1.

NGÔN NGỮ MIÊU TẢ CHARTS, GRAPHS & TABLES

MIÊU TẢ TRENDS (XU HƯỚNG THAY ĐỔI CỦA SỐ LIỆU)

Các đặc điểm ngôn ngữ sau cần lưu ý
1. Cách miêu tả thời gian trong biểu đồ có khoảng thời gian
Ví dụ: Ta có giai đoạn thời gian sau (a period of time)
1990-------1995-------2000---------2005---------2010----------2015
+ 1990: In 1990/ at the beginning of the period
At the beginning of the period, the percentage of graduates in the UK
was/stood/began/started/commenced at over 15%.
+ 1990----1995: From 1990 to 1995/ Between 1990 and 1995; over the next five years.
+ 1990-2015: Over/during/throughout the period
+ 1995: At that time: The figure dropped in 1995. At the time it more than doubled its figure in 1990.
+ 2000: Until/till/ toward 2000: After rising to 25% in 1995, the figure leveled off until 2000 when it
suddenly dipped to 5%
+ By 2005: By 2005, the number had grown to more that half and continue its increase toward the
end of the period
2. Cách miêu tả số liệu (5%; 10; 50; 100 km..)
Sử dụng giới từ:
+ AT: The number stood/began/finished/peaked at 20%
+ BY: The number of students rose by 5%
+ OF: There was a rise of 5% in the number of students.
+ TO: The number increased to 25% and then decreased to 10%
+ The number OF students
+ The percentage OF students
+ 20% OF students like basket ball
+ The figure/data FOR..
The percentage of students liked basket ball in Lam Son school was 35%, WHILE the figure FOR
Ham Rong school was 50%.
+ A HIGH/LOW OF: The number hit a high of 75%
+ A rise/fall TO/OFF: It increased markedly from 2000, a rise of 25%
Cách thêm số liệu vào trong miêu tả
+ .....and.....respectively: Both countries showed marked decline, falling by 5% and 7%
respectively
+ With + noun + verb-ing: The change was significant with figure for Middle East dipping to 5%
+ Verb-ing: The growth was consistent, rising from 5% to 25% over the 10 year period
+ With a noun + of/to: The growth was consistent with a rise of 5%/to 25%.
3. Ngôn ngữ miêu tả Trends
a. Động từ và danh từ miêu tả trends
Động từ Danh từ Past form Past participle form
to fall a fall fell fell
to decrease a decrease decreased decreased
to decline a decline declined declined
 to grow a growth grew grown
to drop a drop dropped dropped
to recover a recovery recovered recovered
to dip a dip dipped dipped
to reach ---- reached reached
to plunge a plunge plunged plunged
to slump a slump slumped slumped
to soar ----- soared soared
to plummet ----- plummeted plummeted
to rocket ------- rocketed rocketed
to leap/jump a leap/jump leaped/jumped leaped/jumped

b. Từ miêu tả ít hoặc không thay đổi

to remain stable/ constant/ steady/ the same to stay constant
to level off to stabilize
to flatten out to fluctuate/ a fluctuation
to maintain until 2000 to be erratic/ change erratically
c. Các diễn đạt khác.
an upward trend to hit its lowest level of..
a peak / to peak / to reach a peak to begin at much lower level
a high point / to reach a high point to continue to + verb/ its + noun
to hit the highest point of a downward/upward trend
to hit a low to follow a similar pattern/trend
to fall and then level off to remain higher for most of the period
to remain flat to parallel (v) = relative to (adj)
to reach a high/low of to exceed = outstrip = overtake
d. Tính từ và trạng từ miêu tả mức độ thay đổi.
Mức độ mạnh
significant / significantly immediate/immediately
considerable / considerably dramatic / dramatically
substantial / substantially steep/ steeply
rapid / rapidly wild/ wildly
sharp / sharply marked/ markedly
sudden/suddenly abrupt/ abruptly
Mức độ vừa
moderate / moderately consistent/consistently
gradual / gradually progressive/ progressively
steady / steadily
Mức độ ít
slight / slightly
slow / slowly
margin/marginally
minor
Một số tính từ khác
Clear = pronounced = obvious = noticeable = discernible = marked
Runaway = sudden
5. Từ miêu tả mức số liệu
Ít hơn roughly
just under nearly
well under merely
less than Nhiều hơn
Gần just over
around well over
approximately more than
about
6. Cấu trúc miêu tả trends
* Cấu trúc 1: Subject + verb + adverb + (data) + time.
The percentage of tourists visiting castle rose dramatically from over 20% to 45% between 1980
and 1995.
* Cấu trúc 2: There was + a/an + adjective + noun + in + the percentage/number... (data) +
time.
There was a dramatic rise in the percentage of tourists visiting castle 20% to 45% between 1980
and 1995.
* Cấu trúc 3: Subject +demonstrated/ showed/witnessed/experienced/saw a/an + adjective +
noun
The percentage of tourists visiting castle showed/witnessed/saw/experienced a dramatic rise from
20% to 45% between 1980 and 1995.
7. Từ nối liên kết các trends với nhau.
 and then
 after/before + verb-ing
 after/before + noun phrase
 followed by/ This was followed by
 despite + noun phrase
 with the exception of
Despite/After a dramatic rise from over 20% to 45% between 1980 and 1995, the figure saw a
significant decline to 30% toward the end of the period.
The percentage of tourists visiting castle rose dramatically from over 20% to 45% between 1980
and 1995. This was followed by a significant decline to 30% toward the end of the period.
With the exception of Denmark, the percentage of export in the other three countries saw a
steady growth.
It rose steadily from 1995 to 2000 and then more rapidly till 2015
It suffer a dramatic decrease (15%) followed by a marked drop to almost zero in 2000.
While Apple made the lowest number of sales at the start with a mere 2.4 million in 2007, it
soared to just under 136 million by the end of the period, paralleling the growth of Samsung’s
sales and putting Apple in third highest position.
It suffer the lowest number of sales overall, achieving only 28 million in 2007 before
leveling out.
 The figure continued its growth but at a much lower rate
This trend is closely matched by India which follows almost exactly the same pattern.
This was over double that of one parent families, reaching 26.9%
The number of males in full-time unemployment has become pronounced relative to
qualification levels.
These trends do not show any discernible pattern, with numbers rising and falling in equal
measure as the years progressed.
In spite of this fall, the rise in aging population will continue at a faster rate
There was a sharp rise with a more than twofold increase from 20% to roughly 40%
8. Future trends
 Be predicted to
 Be projected to
 Be likely to
 be predicted/expected/projected/forecast/set/anticipated to
9. Sử dụng đại từ để tránh sự lặp lại
This/ That/ It/ This figure/ This number/ This percentage/ This data
10. Sử dụng từ nối để liên kết ý trong bài viết
 One thing that can be seen from the data is that
 A more detailed look at the graph reveals that

 With respect to
 In term of/ Regarding
 Turning to the pie chart

 By contrast/ In contrast/ On the contrary/ On the other hand/ Conversely

 Likewise/ Similarly
LANGUAGE FOCUS: COMPARING AND CONSTRASTING (So sánh đối chiếu số liệu)

I. SO SÁNH VỚI TÍNH TỪ

+ Tính từ ngắn + ER
+ MORE + tính từ dài
+ Dạng đặc biệt: Good – Better; Bad – worse; Far – Further
1. Tính từ miêu tả số liệu trong task 1
So sánh trong Task 1 chủ yếu tập trung miêu tả số liệu (Number/ Percentage/ amount/ level..), các tính
từ sau được dùng để miêu tả và so sánh số liệu.
+ High – low
+ Large/great – small
Ex: The number of graduates was always greater for most of the years
The percentage of the residents using cars to work was smaller this year.
2. Một số cách khác nhau nói về số liệu
+ 50%: half (1/2)
+ 25%: quarter (1/4)
+ 33%: about third (1/3)
+ 66%: about two thirds (2/3)
3. Cấu trúc so sánh tính từ
+ S + be + so sánh tính từ + (than)
The percentage of criminals committing petty theft is higher than armed robbery.
The percentage of criminals committing armed robbery is smaller than petty theft
+ A so sánh tính từ + danh từ + verb
A higher percentage of criminals commit petty theft than armed robbery
A smaller percentage of criminals commit armed robbery than petty theft.
+ S + be + twice/three times + as + tính từ + as
The percentage of criminals committing petty theft is twice as high as armed robbery.
The percentage of criminals committing armed robbery is 4 three times as small as petty theft
+ S + be + twice/three times + so sánh tính từ + than
The percentage of criminals committing petty theft is twice higher than armed robbery.
The percentage of criminals committing armed robbery is 4 three times smaller than petty theft

4. Trạng từ miêu tả mức độ so sánh

+ Substantially + Far
+ Significantly + Relatively
+ Considerably + Consistently
+ Much
The percentage of petty theft is significantly higher than armed robbery.
The percentage of armed robbery is far smaller than petty theft

II. SO SÁNH VỚI DANH TỪ

1. Khi so sánh với danh từ thường dùng các tính từ sau: Many/ much/ little/ few
+ Many cars – more cars – the most cars
+ Much money – more money – the most money
+ Few cars – fewer cars – the fewest cars
 + Little money – less money – the least money
2. Cấu trúc so sánh với danh từ
+ Twice/three times + as + many/much + S + verb + as..
Twice as many criminals commit petty theft as armed robbery.
Approximately three times as many residents used cars to go to work in Hanoi as in Hochiminh city.
 Significantly/much/more/fewer/less + S + verb.... + than
Significantly more student choosing Maths as their main subject than those choosing English
Far fewer students choosing Maths as their main subject in 2015 than in 2016.

III. RÚT GỌN CHỦ NGỮ

 The number of students who joined English clubs was higher in 1990 than in 1995.
 The number of students joining English clubs was higher in 1990 than in 1995.
 The percentage of cars which were imported from Japan was much lower in 1995 than in 1990.
 The percentage of cars which were imported from Japan was much lower in 1995 than in
1990.
 The percentage of cars imported from Japan was much lower in 1995 than in 1990.

III. ĐƯA SỐ LIỆU

Sử dụng các động từ sau: Chiếm tỉ lệ hoặc số lượng
+ make up + consist of
+ account for + constitute
+ comprise
 The percentage of cars imported from Japan accounted for about third (33%) of the totals.
 The number of male students joining English club constituted approximately 50%

IV. ĐỐI CHIẾU (CONTRASTING)

1. Sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh với liên từ: compared to/ compared with/ in comparison with
 In July 2020, Vietnam recorded 2500 cases of Covid-19 infection, compared to just 500 cases in
June
Nên sử dụng số liệu trước danh từ khi so sánh với các từ trên
 The percentage of men working for foreign companies was 55% in 2005 compared with 25% of
women.
 55% of men working for foreign companies in 2005 compared with 25% of women.
Các liên từ trên cũng có thể dùng thay cho THAN và AS
 The number of students playing basketball was higher in 2000 compared with 2005
 Twice as many people were unemployed in City A in comparison with City B
2. Sử dụng WHILE/ WHEREAS/ ON THE OTHER HAND/ IN CONTRAST TO/ ALTHOUGH/
HOWEVER,
 There are 5 million smokers in the UK, while/whereas only 2 million Canadian and 1 million
Australians smoke.
Đối chiếu trong 01 câu:
 In contrast to London, New York has a higher proportion of unemployment.
  The unemployment rate in Japan is highest at 60%, whereas/while Korea has a very low
proportion of unemployed people of 5%.
 Although the unemployment rate in Japan is the highest at 60%, the birth rate is the lowest at
5%.
Đối chiếu 02 câu với nhau
 The unemployment rate in Japan is the highest at 60%. By/In contrast, Korea has a very low
proportion of unemployed people of 5%.
 The unemployment rate in Japan is the highest at 60%. However/On the other hand, Korea has
a very low proportion of unemployed people of 5%
3. Miêu tả sự giống nhau
 The mode of transport used by people of town A is similar to that used by those of town B.
 Both X and Y used the same mode of transport to go to work
 There are a number of similarities between X and Y.
4. Cấu trúc gấp mấy lần
Twice/3 times as much/many……as
 Japan exported twice as many cars in 2009 as in 2012
 Japan exported 3 times more cars in 2009 than in 2012
 3 times as many cars are exported in 2009 as in 2012
 3 times more cars are exported in 2009 than in 2012

 The number doubled between 1992 and 1994

 The number trebled between 1994 and 1996
 There was two-fold increase between 1992 and 1994
 The number was six times higher in 1992 than 1994
 The figure for 1996 was six fold the 1992 figure.
5. Các cách so sánh khác
By far: Dùng với so sánh hơn nhất sự vượt trội.
 The UK was by far the most popular destination for tourist, attracting 2 million visitors in 2000
Former/latter/respectively
 In 1979 the UK and the USA were the two most favorite holiday destinations for tourists. The
former attracted 45% of international tourists whereas the latter received 40%.
 In 1979 the UK and the USA were the two most favorite holiday destinations for tourists,
attracting 45% and 40% of international tourists respectively.
Counterpart
- Women exceeded their male counterparts in English, social science and Arts.
- In 1990, the percentage of female students achieving excellent grades stood at 30% which is far greater
than their male counterparts