Python
Programming
Foundations
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Course Intro
What is Python?
Where can Python
be used?
What this course offers
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Installing and Configuring Python
Python 2.x or 3.x?
Installing Python
Adding Python to the PATH
Python in Interactive Mode (terminal)
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Hello World!
Simplistic Hello World program in
Python Command Line (Python CLI)
Basic syntax rules
Saving program to a file, and
executing with Python
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Variables
(x)
Variable Assignments
Legal and Illegal variable
naming conventions
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Data Types
Strings
Integer
Float
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Data Types
Boolean
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Checking datatypes
Type function
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Strings
Accessing string values
- indexing
- slicing
Formatting strings
- Format method
Changing strings
- type function
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Strings
String specific operators
- Concatenation
Built-in string methods
- index()
- isupper()
- islower()
https://www.w3schools.com/python
/python_ref_string.asp
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Strings
User Input
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Lists
Creating lists
- similar to creating variables
Accessing list values
- Indexing
- Slicing
Appending to lists
- append()
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Lists
Matrixes
- List of lists
Built-in functions and methods
https://www.w3schools.com/python
/python_ref_list.asp
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Tuples
Creating tuples Removing elements
Accessing tuple values Tuple operations
Updating tuples Built-in methods
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Tuples
What is the difference between
Tuples and list?
Why would you want to use a
tuple in place of a list?
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Int, Long, Float, Complex
Assigning a number to a variable
Type conversion
Random numbers and their functions
Mathematical functions
Math based constants
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Basic Operators
Arithmetic Operators
Relational Comparison
Assignment Operators
Logical Operators
Bitwise Operators
Membership Operators
Identity Operators
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Conditional Flow
How the concepts of Boolean
applies to Conditionals.
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Conditional Flow
Single if statements
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Flowchart for simple if statement
True False
Condition
Statement 1 Statement 2
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Conditional Flow
Nested if statements
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Flowchart of nested Conditional
False x>y True
No x>y True Statement_a
Statement_c Statement_b
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Loops
For loops
While loops
Nesting loops
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Control Statements
Continue
Break
Pass
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Exercises
Create a program “calculator.py” that performs
some basic math.
Your calculator program should be able to:
1. Add two numbers
2. Subtract two numbers
3. Divide two numbers
4. Multiple two numbers
5. Calculate 8% tax on a value
6. Calculate monthly payments, given a total
amount and a number of years
7. Quit
It should run in an infinite loop. Use the
following skeleton code:
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while (true):
#print out the menu
#use the input() function to determine
the user’s choice…
#userChoice = input(“Please choose an
option from 1-6)
if userChoice = 1:
#add numbers
elif userChoice = 2:
#subtract numbers
… (you will have to fill in the rest) …
elif userChoice == 7:
break
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Expected Output
Calculator v1.0
MENU
1. Add two numbers
2. Subtract two numbers
3. Divide two numbers
4. Multiple two numbers
5. Calculate 15% tax on a value
6. Calculate monthly payments, given a
total amount and a number of years
7. Quit
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Expected Output (cont.)
Please enter your choice: 1
Number 1: 5
Number 2: 3
Result: 8
MENU
1.Add two numbers
2.Subtract two numbers
3.Divide two numbers
4.Multiple two numbers
5.Calculate 15% tax on a value
6.Calculate monthly payments, given a total amount
and a number of years
7.Quit
# And it continues till option 7 is selected to quit.
Please enter your choice:
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Dictionaries
Construction of Dictionaries
- Curly braces
- creating a dictionary
Why dictionaries and not tuples
and lists?
- Speed
Changing dictionary elements
- update method
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Dictionaries
Removing dictionary elements
- del statement
- pop method
Key properties
- More than one entry per key
not allowed
- Keys are immutable
- keys are case sensitive
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Dictionaries
Built-in functions and methods
https://www.w3schools.com/pyt
hon/python_ref_dictionary.asp
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Functions
Defining a function
- def
Calling a function
- function()
Arguments: Reference
vs Value
Keyword Arguments
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Functions
Default Arguments
Anonymous functions
- lambda functions
Return keyword
Variable scopes
(Global/ Local
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Functions Exercises
def introduction(name, height=165):
#Greets user with 'name' from 'input box' and ‘height', if
available, default height is used
print('Hello ' + name + ', you are ' + str(height) +’cm!’)
print(f'Hello {name}, you are {height}cm!')
name = input('Enter your name: ‘)
height = input('Enter your height: ')
greeting(name, 165)
# 1. Add new print statement - on a new line
# which says 'We hear your hair color is xxx! xxx is a string with
color
# 2. extend the function with another input parameter ‘hair_color',
that defaults to 'red'
# 3. Capture the hair color via an input box as variable:hair_color
# 4. Capitalize first letter of the 'name', and rest are small caps
# 5. Hair color should be in lowercase
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Modules
What is a module?
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Modules
Importing a module
Module location
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Date and Time
The time module
The calendar module
TimeTuple
Getting current time
Getting formatted time
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Input Output
Print to the screen
Gathering keyboard input
Reading and writing files
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Exceptions
Standard exceptions
Raising an exception
Catching and handling exceptions
Defining custom exceptions
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Classes and Objects
Syntax
class ClassName:
def __init__(self, attribute1, attribute2…):
self.attribute1 = attribute1
self.attribute2 = attribute2
def method1(self):
#do something…
#Classes are blueprints
#Objects are the actual things you built
#variables => attributes
#functions => methods
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Classes and Objects
OOP Terminology
Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm that
provides a means of structuring programs so that properties and
behaviors are bundled into individual objects.
Creating classes
class ClassName:
Instance objects
object = ClassName(attribute1, attribute2,…)
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Classes and Objects
Garbage Collection Inheritance
Python deletes unwanted objects (built-in Inheritance allows us to define a class that
types or class instances) automatically to inherits all the methods and properties
free the memory space. The process by from another class.
which Python periodically frees and Parent class is the class being inherited
reclaims blocks of memory that no longer from, also called base class.
are in use is called Garbage Collection Child class is the class that inherits from
another class, also called derived class.
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Inheritance Example
Parent class Child class
class Person: class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, fname, lname): pass
self.firstname = fname
self.lastname = lname x = Student(’Tom’, ‘Ford‘)
x.printname()
def printname(self):
print(self.firstname, self.lastname)
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Overrides
When you add the __init__() function, the child class will no
longer inherit the parent's __init__() function.
Therefore the child overrides the inheritance of the Parent’s __init__()
function.
To keep the inheritance of the parent's __init__() function, add a call to
the parent's __init__() function.
class Student(Person):
def __init__(self, fname, lname): #overrides parent’s inheritance
Person.__init__(self, fname, lname) #keeps parent’s inheritance
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GUI
GUI Concepts
Popular GUI libraries and toolkits
tklnter
Build a GUI (code available)
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Building a Complete App
Using what we’ve learned, we are
going to build a functional currency
converter application.
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