NEBOSH

MANAGEMENT OF HEALTH AND SAFETY

UNIT IG1:
For: NEBOSH International General Certificate in Occupational Health and Safety

Open Book Examination

ANSWER TEMPLATE

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Learner name Mudasir Ali

NEBOSH learner 00824157
number
Learning Partner name Save Fast Fire & Safety Training LLC

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Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 1 of 12

Task 1: Demonstrating management commitment

Question 1
Poor management commitment to health and safety by the Managing Director (MD) is
obvious and can be noticed in this scenario of F & W on many occasions as per below
detail.

1. The MD spends most of their time in the office on the telephone rather than
actively overseeing health and safety practices on-site.

2. The MD admits that the health and safety policy statement is not displayed
anywhere on the site as required.

3. The MD dismisses concerns raised by younger workers about Worker A's attitude
and orders them to come back later when they are not as busy.

4. The MD provides the HSC with outdated health and safety documentation,
including a policy statement and risk assessment dated 2018.

5. The MD claims there have been no accidents on-site, contradicting suspicions

from the HSC and the actual accident that occurred.

6. The MD fails to prioritize ongoing training, with the last training session conducted
three years ago, according to Worker B which violates HSWA 1974 (HSE UK),
Section 2.

7. The MD overlooks the faulty locking mechanism on the ladder, which ultimately
leads to the accident involving Worker A.

8. The MD does not ensure that proper safety equipment is available and functional,
as evidenced by the faulty ladder. Which Disregard Work Equipment
Regulations 1998 (HSE UK), Regulation 5.

9. Lack of supervision: The MD does not ensure proper supervision of tasks, as

evidenced by Worker B and Worker C being left unsupervised during the HSC
visit.

10. Offence of Section 2 HSWA 1974 (HSE UK). The MD fails to effectively
communicate safety protocols and procedures to workers, leading to
misunderstandings and accidents.

11. The MD only takes action after accidents occur or when prompted by external
audits, rather than proactively addressing potential hazards.

12. The MD does not address Worker A's superior attitude and behaviour towards
younger workers, allowing a toxic work environment to persist.

13. The MD does not hold themselves or other workers accountable for safety lapses
or incidents, as evidenced by the absence of consequences for Worker A's
behaviour.

14. The MD does not actively monitor safety practices and equipment maintenance,
as evidenced by the faulty ladder being overlooked until the accident occurs.

15. The MD prioritizes financial concerns over investing in necessary safety

measures, as evidenced by the lack of updates to safety equipment and training.

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 2 of 12

 16. The MD does not prioritize safety as a core value within the organization, leading
to complacency and disregard for safety protocols.

17. The MD does not take action on safety recommendations provided by the HSC,
such as displaying the health and safety policy statement.

18. The MD becomes defensive when confronted with safety deficiencies, such as
when Worker D informs them of Worker A's accident, instead of immediately
addressing the issue.

Task 2: Improving communication at F&W

Question 2
To positively influence health and safety culture at any workplace effective
communication is essential. Without effective communication and utilizing effective
method right information can neither be delivered to recipient nor they can understand.
Improving health and safety communication at Feathers and Wings (F&W) can
significantly enhance the safety culture on-site. Here at F & W, H & S communication can
be improved by taking following steps.

1. Conduct weekly or monthly safety meetings where workers can discuss concerns,
share best practices, and receive updates on safety protocols verbally.

2. Install clear and visible signs throughout the premises to indicate hazards, safety
procedures, emergency exits, and first aid stations, enhancing written
communication.

3. Distribute regular newsletters containing safety tips, updates, and success stories
to all staff members, utilizing written communication methods.

4. Provide comprehensive safety manuals that outline procedures, protocols, and

emergency responses in written form, ensuring easy reference for all employees.

5. Display eye-catching safety posters with concise messages and visuals to

reinforce key safety practices and reminders graphically.

6. Create informative training videos demonstrating proper safety procedures,

equipment usage, and emergency responses for visual learners, utilizing
broadcasting methods.

7. Develop online or in-person interactive quizzes to assess employees'

understanding of safety protocols and reinforce learning through verbal
interaction.

8. Send regular safety-related emails to all staff members, highlighting recent

incidents, upcoming training sessions, and reminders about safety procedures in
written form.

9. Establish a safety hotline where employees can report safety concerns, hazards,
or near misses anonymously, facilitating open verbal communication channels.

10. Develop a mobile app that provides access to safety resources, emergency
contacts, and incident reporting features, combining written, graphic, and
broadcasting communication methods.

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 11. Conduct pre-task safety briefings before starting any new task or project, verbally
communicating specific hazards, controls, and safety measures relevant to the
task at hand.

12. Encourage open communication among workers to discuss safety concerns,

share observations, and provide feedback to one another verbally.

13. Implement feedback mechanisms such as suggestion boxes or online surveys to

gather input from employees about safety issues, improvements, and
communication effectiveness across all communication methods.

By implementing these strategies, F&W can enhance health and safety communication,
promote a stronger safety culture, and ultimately create a safer work environment for all
employees.

Task 3: Advising on audits and inspections

Question 3
The MD is talking to the HSC about the audit they are doing for Animal World. The MD
appears confused about audits and inspections. He can be advised on the differences
between an audit and a workplace inspection by brief him following differences.

According to The ILO Recommendation R164, Convention C155 emphasises

the value of audits and inspections in guaranteeing worker protection and works
to enhance workplace safe.

• The safety Inspection is basically physically examination of workplace and

working condition carried out to make out the comparison to expected
performance standards. By Section 2 of HSAW 1974 (HSE UK)

▪ An inspection is a simple process of checking the workplace for uncontrolled

hazards and addressing any that are found. The audit is thorough examination of
the management system, from the documents through to what is happening in
practice in workplace.

▪ The inspection has the aim of assessing the use and effectiveness of control
measures. The audit has the aim of assessing H & S management system of an
organisation.

▪ The Inspection is relatively short process looking at practices in part of workplace.

The audit is a long process involving the examination of the entire management
system.

▪ The inspection is primarily based on observation, perhaps involving very limited

scrutiny of paperwork and interview of operators. The audit is based primarily on
review of documentary evidence, backed up by some observations and interview
of personnel at all levels.

▪ Inspection is a short report identifying key corrective actions required. The Audit is
a long, comprehensive report that record areas of concern and weaknesses in
management system.

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 ▪ The inspection is only a limited planning and the main resource required is the
inspectors’ time. For the audit detailed planning is required and also require
considerable resources.

▪ The inspection is usually done on a daily, weekly, monthly or quarterly frequency.

The audit typically done annually.

▪ The inspection focus on activities and equipment at operational level, though

remedial action may address system faults. The audit aims to improve system at
high level, with the ultimate effect of improvements cascading down to operating
level. In a strategic tool, addressing long term process.

▪ The inspection is carried out by any competent worker, supervisor or safety officer
to address identify and address safety hazards at workplace. In the audit various
stakeholders, auditor (Internal or external) and regulatory authorities are involved
to ensure comprehensive evaluation.

Task 4: Working within a health and safety management system

Question 4
Implementing a formal health and safety management system at Feathers and Wings
(F&W) can provide numerous benefits for the centre’s future health and safety
performance like.

▪ A formal system promotes a culture of safety awareness and accountability

among employees.

▪ It helps ensure compliance with legal and regulatory requirements related to

health and safety.

▪ Effective management systems help identify and mitigate hazards, leading to a

decrease in accidents and injuries.

▪ It encourages prompt reporting and investigation of incidents, leading to better

understanding of root causes and preventive measures.

▪ Due to formal H & s Managements system, employees feel valued and safer in a
workplace with a structured approach to health and safety.

▪ Due to formal H & S Management system, reduction in workplace accidents can

result in lower insurance premiums and workers' compensation costs.

▪ A safer work environment leads to fewer disruptions due to accidents or injuries,

resulting in increased productivity.

▪ By developing it, systematic identification, assessment, and control of hazards

minimize risks to workers and visitors.

▪ It ensures proper planning and training for emergency situations, improving

response times and outcomes.

▪ It provides a framework for ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and improvement of

health and safety performance.

▪ The formal system defines roles and responsibilities for health and safety
management, reducing confusion and ensuring accountability.

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 ▪ It facilitates systematic training programs to ensure all employees understand
their roles in maintaining a safe workplace.

▪ It demonstrates commitment to health and safety to stakeholders, including

employees, customers, and regulatory agencies.

▪ By formal H & s Management system, Positive safety performance enhances the

centre’s reputation and credibility within the industry and community.
▪ Environmental protection can be achieved by it and Integration of environmental
health and safety measures minimizes environmental impact and promotes
sustainability.

▪ It helps prioritize resources for implementing effective safety measures based on

risk assessments.

▪ Formal systems facilitate clear communication of safety policies, procedures, and

expectations to all stakeholders.

▪ It provides documented evidence of compliance with health and safety

regulations, reducing legal liabilities.

▪ It allows for comparison with industry standards and adoption of best practices to
continuously improve safety performance.

▪ It helps to ensure long-term sustainability and investing in health and safety

management ensures the centre’s long-term viability and success by protecting its
most valuable asset, its people.

Task 5: Obligations of employers to workers

Question 5
Feathers and Wings (F&W) may not have followed the employer obligations under
Recommendation 10 of the International Labour Organization’s R164 regarding a safe
workplace, adequate training, sufficient information and instruction, necessary
supervision, safety arrangements, provision of PPEs, a safe work environment,
arrangements according to the nature of business, and eliminating work fatigue. Which
can be described as mention below.

Safe Workplace and Equipment

▪ Lack of regular maintenance and inspection of equipment, as evidenced by the
faulty locking mechanism on the ladder used by Worker A.

▪ Absence of proper risk assessments for tasks involving equipment use, leading to
the continued use of unsafe equipment like the faulty ladder.

▪ As the rule given in 10(a) that Violates of Recommendation of ILO

Adequate Training
▪ Inadequate training provided to workers, as indicated by the outdated training
matrices and infrequent training sessions, leaving workers ill-prepared to handle
safety hazards effectively.

▪ Violates the rule given in Recommendation 10(b) of ILO

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 Sufficient Information and Instruction
▪ Lack of clear and comprehensive safety information and instruction provided to
workers, contributing to misunderstandings and non-compliance with safety
protocols.

▪ Failure to communicate safety policies and procedures effectively to workers,

resulting in a lack of awareness and understanding among employees.

Necessary Supervision
▪ Insufficient supervision of tasks, as evidenced by the absence of oversight during
the HSC visit and the MD's failure to address Worker A's behaviour promptly.

• Failure to provide adequate supervision for workers, Violates the rule given in
Recommendation 10(c) of ILO

Safety Arrangements
▪ Inadequate safety arrangements in place, such as the absence of emergency
preparedness plans or protocols for responding to accidents or emergencies
effectively.

▪ Lack of comprehensive safety arrangements tailored to the specific nature of

F&W's business operations, resulting in gaps in addressing unique safety risks
associated with caring for birds.

Provision of PPEs
▪ Failure to provide workers with appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE)
for tasks involving potential hazards, compromising worker safety.

• Absence of protocols for ensuring the proper use, maintenance, and

replacement of PPE, Not following the rule of Recommendation 10(e)

By addressing these shortcomings, F&W can better fulfill its obligations to provide a safe
and healthy work environment for its employees, ultimately reducing the risk of accidents
and injuries on-site.

Task 6: Organisational factors

Question 6
The organizational factors that might have negatively influenced health and safety at
Feathers and Wings (F&W) can be described as.

▪ Lack of Leadership Commitment. The managing director's focus on financial

concerns rather than prioritizing health and safety may have set a tone of
indifference towards safety within the organization.

▪ Poor Safety Culture. A lack of emphasis on safety, coupled with a disregard for
safety protocols and procedures, may have contributed to a weak safety culture
where safety is not prioritized by employees.

▪ Ineffective Communication. Inadequate communication channels between

management and workers, as well as between workers themselves, may have led
to misunderstandings, lack of clarity on safety procedures, and failure to address
safety concerns promptly.

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 7 of 12

 ▪ Insufficient Training. Inadequate training provided to workers on safety
procedures, equipment usage, and emergency response may have left
employees ill-prepared to handle safety hazards effectively.

▪ Lack of Supervision. Inadequate supervision of tasks and failure to enforce

safety measures may have resulted in workers taking shortcuts or disregarding
safety protocols.

▪ Inadequate Resources. Limited resources allocated for safety initiatives, such as

safety equipment, training programs, and maintenance of safety infrastructure,
may have hindered efforts to ensure a safe work environment.

▪ Poor Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment. Failure to conduct thorough

hazard assessments and risk evaluations may have resulted in unidentified
hazards and insufficient measures to control risks effectively.

▪ Lack of Employee Involvement. Failure to involve employees in safety decision-

making processes, such as hazard identification or safety program development,
may have led to disengagement and lack of ownership over safety initiatives.

▪ Resistance to Change. Resistance from management or employees towards

implementing new safety measures or procedures may have impeded efforts to
improve health and safety practices.

▪ High Workload and Fatigue. Excessive workloads, long hours, and fatigue may
have compromised workers' ability to maintain focus and adhere to safety
protocols, increasing the risk of accidents and injuries.

▪ Poor Housekeeping. Failure to maintain a clean and organized work

environment may have contributed to trip hazards, cluttered workspaces, and
increased risk of accidents.

▪ Lack of Emergency Preparedness. Inadequate planning and preparation for

emergencies, such as fire drills, evacuation procedures, or first aid response, may
have left employees unprepared to handle unexpected safety incidents.

▪ Absence of Safety Policies and Procedures. Failure to establish and enforce

clear safety policies and procedures may have led to inconsistencies in safety
practices and confusion among employees.

▪ Negative Worker Attitudes. Negative attitudes towards safety, such as

complacency or resistance to safety measures, may have undermined efforts to
develop a safe work environment.

▪ Inadequate Incident Reporting and Investigation. Failure to encourage and

facilitate the reporting and investigation of safety incidents may have resulted in
underreporting and missed opportunities to identify and address underlying safety
issues.

▪ Lack of Continuous Improvement. Failure to regularly review and update safety

practices and procedures based on feedback, lessons learned from incidents, or
changes in regulations may have hindered the organization's ability to
continuously improve its safety performance.

Task 7: Reactive monitoring measures

Question 7

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 8 of 12

 The lagging indicators or Reactive monitoring measures are used to measure safety
performance by reference to accident, incident, ill health case and other unwanted events
that have been occurred. In this scenario, following reactive (lagging) monitoring
measures that Feathers and Wings (F&W) could use for health and safety performance
monitoring are.

▪ Accident Reports. Tracking and analysing records of workplace accidents,

injuries, and illnesses to identify patterns, causes, and areas for improvement.

▪ Dangerous Occurrences. Recording and investigating incidents that have the

potential to cause harm, such as equipment failures or structural collapses, to
prevent similar occurrences in the future.

▪ Near Miss Reporting. Encouraging workers to report near-miss incidents, where

potential accidents were narrowly avoided, to identify underlying hazards and
implement preventive measures.

▪ Worker Complaints. Documenting and addressing worker complaints related to

safety concerns, hazards, or unsafe working conditions to improve overall safety
culture.

▪ Enforcement Actions. Monitoring the number and type of enforcement actions

taken by regulatory agencies, such as citations or fines, to gauge compliance with
health and safety regulations.

▪ Civil Claims. Tracking the number and monetary value of civil claims filed by
workers or third parties related to workplace accidents or injuries to assess
financial impact and liability.

▪ Cost of Accidents. Calculating the direct and indirect costs associated with
workplace accidents, including medical expenses, property damage, and lost
productivity, to understand the financial impact on the organization.

▪ Trends and Patterns. Analysing trends and patterns in accident data over time to
identify recurring issues, high-risk areas, or systemic failures that require
attention.

▪ Absenteeism and Sickness Records. Monitoring absenteeism and sickness

records to identify potential correlations with workplace hazards, stressors, or
health and safety issues.

▪ Maintenance Records. Reviewing maintenance records for equipment,

machinery, and infrastructure to ensure proper upkeep and identify potential
safety hazards due to neglect or malfunction.

▪ Compliance Audits. Conducting periodic audits or inspections of workplace

facilities, procedures, and practices to assess compliance with health and safety
regulations and internal policies.

▪ Worker Surveys. Administering surveys or questionnaires to gather feedback

from workers regarding safety perceptions, concerns, and suggestions for
improvement.

By utilizing and implementing these reactive monitoring measures, F&W can identify
areas of concern, take corrective actions, and improve overall health and safety
performance in the workplace.

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 9 of 12

Task 8: Identifying induction content

Question 8
While giving induction to new workers at F & W following important information should be
included and prioritized to share with them so that they can work safely and additional
cost can be saved by securing them from accident and other unpleasant events. These
information’s are.

H&S Policy.
▪ Introduction to Feathers and Wings' (F&W) Health and Safety Policy, emphasizing
the organization's commitment to providing a safe and healthy work environment
for all employees.

• Explanation of the key principles and objectives outlined in the policy, including
compliance with relevant health and safety legislation, continuous improvement,
according to laws Section 2 of the HSWA 1974
▪

Emergency Procedures.
▪ Detailed overview of emergency procedures, including evacuation routes,
assembly points, and protocols for responding to fires, medical emergencies, or
other incidents.

▪ Explanation of the roles and responsibilities of employees during emergencies,

emphasizing the importance of remaining calm, following instructions, and
assisting others if safe to do so.

First Aid.
▪ Introduction to F&W's first aid procedures, including the location of first aid kits,
trained first aiders, and emergency medical contact information.

▪ Training on basic first aid techniques, such as administering CPR, treating minor
injuries, and recognizing signs of more serious medical conditions.

Welfare Facilities.
▪ Introduction to welfare facilities available at F&W, including restroom facilities,
drinking water stations, and designated break areas.

▪ Explanation of the importance of maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in welfare

facilities for the health and well-being of employees.

F&W Hazards and Risks.

▪ Identification and discussion of common hazards and risks present at F&W, such
as slippery surfaces, bird bites, or exposure to cleaning chemicals.

▪ Training on hazard recognition and risk assessment techniques to empower

employees to identify and mitigate risks in their work environment.

Reporting Procedures.
▪ Explanation of the reporting procedures for safety concerns, incidents, or near-
misses, including the designated reporting channels and required documentation.

▪ Emphasis on the importance of reporting hazards promptly to supervisors to

ensure timely resolution and prevent accidents or injuries.

Risk Assessment.

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 10 of 12

 ▪ Overview of the risk assessment process at F&W, including the identification of
hazards, evaluation of risks, and implementation of control measures.

▪ Following laws Regulation: 03 of the Management of HSWR 1999 Training on

how to conduct risk assessments for specific tasks or areas of work, with practical
examples and case studies.

Safe Working Procedures.

▪ Introduction to safe working procedures and protocols for various tasks or
activities performed at F&W, such as bird handling, cleaning, or maintenance.

▪ Demonstration of proper techniques and precautions to minimize the risk of

accidents or injuries in the workplace.

Individual Responsibilities.
▪ Explanation of individual responsibilities for health and safety at F&W, including
compliance with safety policies and procedures, participation in safety training,
and reporting of hazards or incidents.

▪ Encouragement of active participation in safety initiatives and a culture of looking

out for one another's safety.

Action Against Non-Compliance.

▪ Discussion of the consequences of non-compliance with health and safety
policies and procedures, including disciplinary action, retraining, or termination of
employment.

▪ Emphasis on the importance of accountability and adherence to safety rules to

maintain a safe working environment for all employees.

Working Areas.
▪ Overview of the different working areas within F&W, including aviaries, food
preparation areas, maintenance areas, and administrative offices.

▪ Explanation of specific safety considerations and procedures applicable to each

working area to minimize risks and ensure safe operations.

Restricted and Prohibited Entries.

▪ Identification of restricted and prohibited areas within F&W, such as bird
enclosures, equipment storage areas, or hazardous zones.

▪ Explanation of the reasons for restricted access and the consequences of

unauthorized entry, including potential safety hazards and disciplinary action.

PPEs requirement and Usage.

▪ Introduction to personal protective equipment (PPE) requirements at F&W,
including the types of PPE available, their proper use, maintenance, and storage.

▪ Training on how to select, fit, and wear PPE correctly to protect against specific
workplace hazards, such as gloves for handling birds or goggles for chemical
exposure.

Your total
3655
word count*

Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 11 of 12

* please note that this form already has 288 words (excluding text boxes and footers),
which you can deduct from your total amount if you are using your word processor’s word
count function.

Doc For Q 1. Information gathered from Scenario +

ume https://oshwiki.osha.europa.eu/en/themes/commitment-and-leadership-key-
nts occupational-health-and-safety-principles
and https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/section/2
sour
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/2306/regulation/5/made#:~:text=5.,is%2
ces
0kept%20up%20to%20date.
of
infor
mati For Q 2. Information gathered form Scenario +
on RRC Notes IG 1 +
you https://www.ohcow.on.ca/edit/files/effectively_communicating_health_and_safety
used _.pdf
in
your For Q 3. Information gathered from RRC Notes IG 1 +
exa https://www.safetymint.com/blog/audits-inspections-difference/
mina
tion https://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_IL
O_CODE:R164
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/contents

For Q 4. https://www.hseblog.com/benefits-formal-health-safety-management-
system/#:~:text=A%20formal%20health%20and%20safety%20management%20
system%20provides%20numerous%20benefits,advantage%2C%20and%20impr
oved%20risk%20management.

For Q 5. Information gathered from Scenario + Information gathered from

RRC Notes IG 1
https://www.hseblog.com/obligations-ilo-r164/

For Q 6. Information gathered from Scenario + https://www.hseblog.com/the-

influence-of-organization-on-health-and-safety/

For Q 7. Information gathered from Scenario + Information gathered from

RRC Notes IG 1 + https://www.rsms.co.uk/news/2018/10/13/active-and-
reactive-monitoring-of-your-health-safety-policies-and-processes/

For Q 8. Information gathered from RRC Notes IG 1 + Information gathered

from Scenario + https://www.ofi.co.uk/blog/6-steps-to-new-employee-safety/
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1974/37/section/2
https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1999/3242/regulation/3/made

End of examination

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Answer sheet IG1-0036-ENG-OBE-V1 Mar24 © NEBOSH 2024 page 12 of 12