MOdule - 2

chemical Stabilization
Jntdoduion
Soil tabili zation deered to a aa psoudute
un whih a Special aoil ç psopotioned/ added ox
}emoved i a Cementing Matezial. othe chemia
Mattzial ç added to a natudal soil matdiat to
Umpsove ut poope'tie.
Soil tabili2atio cinvotveu the ue B Atabilizing
agnt (indt atdia) in Heek Aoil to cinpoye
tA geoteahnical psopedtie Auch aas, Compseuibiuty
At dength. Prdmeabiity and du'abality The Corpoy
9 Atabi ization teuhno logy indude Aoil &d doil
Minedala & Atabilizing agnt o bindeu.

Method Soil Atabilizotin

mechaniCal tabiliZation

Soil tabili zoti n Can be awhievet thsough phytial

PsouA by ateing the phyial atue native Aoit
patie by eithe? ind uad vibaotion Conpation by
çncepating othe8 phyial pdopedtie Auch a bardieu
and naiing
2 cheMi cal tabilizotion
Soil bilization dupndl ainly on chemi cal
deautiou b/ Atabilizer and Aoil Mattdiaa to ahieve
the devided eB6et
 The OAt CoM Mm astikiCinl addiiveA aru
otland (eent & Cemunt y alh
Lim & lim ky arh
eitumn and tu
The searon
searon t thei
populo ity ii that they oe appliable
to a muidedablu ange q9 koil type. they Quae widey
availabes. thiY coAt
CoAtA ae selati vey lon, and they ae
envidonmn tally acceptablu
Lime Gtobilization

Limehar been wed a a Aoil Atabiliuy t d0ad

kom olden day Lime çu psoduced rommnatual Lme
Atone. The type lime ted ç baled upon the
padent Mateial and pooducti on poowA .
ThUu u ive baiC typeu a line :

+ High Calcium quk Lie Cao

t DolMite qick lime cao +myo

* Hydatd high Cal ium limu - Ca (oH) slaked lim
hydzakd dolomit Linne - Ca (oH)2 +myo
* poenude tydratd dolormitt lime - Ca (oi)e + my (oH)e
e çi thu Nt

tabili 2ation. ime w alo ued in OMbination ith

othed adMitudu . Hy alh, Cement . bitumun ko Aoil
abili20tion

a coutaution Aite thu Alaking pooeu tyeicay cBeata

clouctt 2 Ateom. Quik liMI nut be hondled with Ca
 ut wil busn expoAed Akn when noiatue ui Pdent
May alAo Cale cossod ion 9- equupmnt
NoU CoAt 4etive than AIDkud Lme

Muhanim ine Atubilization

Aoil
* Jt ur poAible to Atabili2e au tye %
* oAt Auitabe
J u mOAt Aui tab foi cloyy Aoil 9 hugh paahi,
hgh plaxti aty ade tdatd Jith lime &
*clayoy Aoil beomeA oiable t
u detdeaed. the Aoit
Che plalth ity Jith a t e . LiMe
coAy to pulvedize, tave let t6inity
impasta binding ation un g anulat Aoila. Jn tine gdoined
Aoild .due to puzzolnic aution, with the additin CMent
Nil
the Atdngth iu be
in (daing
t+ The additi on q ime ateutA th Ahead tdgth, ompseib
eauio ate
The PORAibl &oil - lin
catin - exhange
glocculation
and tempratude depuntent)
t9egation (time

Casbonati on

Cation euhange
gt ii an inpetant dotin & ainly supribla
f the change occuing
oil
cin thi plas icity
thauctedAtia
 he cathon deploument taked place in det % thei

deplaing <AL3t
Li<Nat< Hk*<NH<
on thu pH the Aoil Aate and the
cEC highty dependa
mineoat in the Aoil.
type q lay
(LOntAt)
MontMoillonite (higheut) ; koalinite
* Ca (oH)2 Lmed eithe due to tydyation 9, qick lime
wate?.
didetly diadociatel cio the
Cao+Hg0
+H20 caloH),
Ca + 15.6 kcal /Mole
cati one nkhed to the ay Mintal
* Nat and othe
Afates ade tuhanged itt Catt ioM.

2 gloceulation
* untdeated clay have a Molewlay Atuctu?e imila?
to Aome polymesa and give platic pdopedtie ThL
Rtuctue tan tBap Aate bl it Moleua Layes
Cauting volume antnd denity unnge.

pstida
 CaleiuwM ond ngniuM atome
hove eplaced Aodiam and hydugn aton ps duang
a koil
itt vey favouaabtt
tovoudablu

* Lime added to ¢oit Jiu deplace atin thia kplu

help cin Aoil padtides to loccuat togeth ß

3) Pozz olonic
Aoil
toldition g ime to Aoil alteoa the poopeBtiea oq
and thi ç Mainy dudue to the fRMation q vadiouA
Compoun Auch a Calcium siliate hyddate (cSH) and
CalCium aluminatt hydyate CcAH) and Micoo tabic
change
+ 2 (OH)+ Sio ’ cSH

+2 (oH)+ Al203 CAH

2eacti on than the hyd dation
The x0utian ç much aloAY
hene AoMe timea tement ç add et to
9 (ement and
incoeae the ate q deation

the oil
Quit ime wiu abob noiAtue km
deat inAtanty. Slak ing
2 25 time
Lime, hih Nil
cín(deae it voume by
thuit n the Aidu
* The exling luxge Latexal
bu holeu.
 Cauting Coniolidafion thu Cay bed

wale
5 Cadbonntion
the atOAphete &
y t Volvea abAðption co2 om
the hinohon 4 caco3 and myco3
he
The Contdibuti n Cabonati gvaty nglgible
utu
ato contoling the chateteAtiu a ime toeatd day
(8)
gattu teuting Psopedtiel oil ime
Type 9 Lie (Quik lime & tydoatd line)
}
Lime Content (Lime kixation point ond optiMum ine
Content)
3 urding time
Aoi
Minedal

6 Soit pH
Carzing tempedatude
ime
Stabilizotion pooceaA uig
the Aoil : TO demove lasge clementd
cuhich Might hindeo the (ine
 u ato hlpi to Nodiy th humidity the Aoit
Jt May be wied ot Within o dipp8. a haz30
plough
Apiade
wing a
deupul wing
-thu lim u duperid
The Aupplitd
td ith a wighing devie
PreuMatially to the ApBaded, itht diutty Bom
the Ailo vehide o by uiin9 butye bd.

Mig - Th puspoAe 9 thi ope sation u toApreud

out
the Aoil hie at the Aam Mizing the lime
unto t . Thù wk will be do Jith
evnly o
PulvimiXu, Yotouy Paddle. MiXeXA . do k pough l
plough Ahae

Compaution :- uten gdarding . thu Laye? thid that

tan be compatd by doling should be takun un to
aclcunt
*ge gdading.the tdeated Aoil ha to be
Conpated Conpauing machine. Jn JM
Keathed. Mixing Ahold be done ated ttuuo thouto

Egineeding benytA 9 lime Atabili zahio

> platiuty i- upn addition 9 lime . the paitiuty
ayey Aoila oiu be thodoughy nodi7id by the ation
Tha Aoil buome Nokable ad Buable thuy
Making (mpation pokAible
Sy duity i- The oMc q ime Atabi lizad Aoil
incuaret with the coeprding dedution
cdinity The conpartion tudve btOMeA Hattey Mak
king
Aoil uddeupcnive to MoAtue (hangu, Gnd Joil qt
eaily te
to (onpated

lime to Aoil uncdaer uta Ucc

addition 9,
3 stzngth i- Th content E thilyted
and cBR optiMum
uptD an line
Lime
decueeu due t the pouee Ru

pemeabiity G im
u pedmeability i -rhe pomeabiity tabili Zd oi u
çncdealel due to the lo culotd tutu'e ith the
Ladged Aize q, pea The
The in(oeaned value k helpa to
detieve th devdoped poae att Pdeuude quickly.
and Shdinkage i- Toeatment opanive lay
by ine heup to aeduce the degdee 9 Volume Change.

ompounibility i- tdedition Me and Aoil il dduce

thu dittled double
thuel wil Beduce tha
Conpbenibiuty 3 Aoi upon Landi
ceR :- Jndusion q ime to clay Aoit incdeareu
incleoleU the
Making the Aoil
ceR Aubtanti ally by nany totdi makin8
1 (ement Stabilizaton
Aoil
ued odditve t
* The nOAt ComMonly
poulond (ement
Atabili Zuion iu
åinayztude au gene dauly tomd Cem
* Soil Nith (Ment ami
Atobilizad o Sinply Cement tot
admitudA Auca
* StabiliZation uking (eMunt and othe in
a y axh, blat eenae Alag had been adpte
any geotuhnial and highnay ngineeing poojutA
Thel appliatiou inc ude
Snate depth appl itatiou çn the Cae 9 umpdovement
t Acbgsade . Sub bae and bae (oue highay
mbackMeNtA
> Stabili zotion 9 decp Aoil depoitA Auch ad og
nd paty Aoiu.
+ tddition 9 ANal quantitiu 9 Cement pBoved to be

bengwal and the deqBee 9 atdength Sti btrea deguived

ii baxia
th bees uied i the
bauiA to deign & hal
& emback ent.
Atabi li zahon highay

Laqe Acale applitahonu depending on the Atzrgth

* 5n La~ge Aoil, the
and Atitneu seuided bledt n the type
quantitea
Mauhinedy & Apecial pòoed ude ate dequidd
Atabilization 9 deeo Aoil which au Nlak.
 Reaton

(ernentithot
Ailicate t atuminate hydatea Which bint ol
tallium
rasticles toqeth
* The hyddati on lenea Ca(oH)2 Alaked ume Hhich un
tuon ny deart Jith ComponentA 9 ttu Aoil Auuh ar lay
Minedau.
* whit ydati on oudA immedatey upon tontu bNoy 90
Cement E wateo. Auonday deahiou ate AlonY E
n be Nny ont , iMilay to oil- lim inteauhn
* Becae the poirasy dehi n u undependent 3 the
Aoil tye. (ement Atabili zotion u teutive bo a wide 3ange
oil.

* with tinn qdaind oil. limita applicability may be

impored by the dibtiCutty q Mizing . paticulay ly with
jt highl Platic lay (liQpud timit >401) ün Auch
Situat on, teat munt Nith quik ims y be nou
ad Van taqucu.
Joutou Bteuing Cenent Stabili zoti on

qdanua? Aoilu with Augicient tinea ae

Auittd ki cement Atabili zahn. Auch Aoiu an be
tanily pulve3ized & mid . Thy dequi de Leatt anount
Cement. The quantity (ement aqised iu noe to
high clay Cmtent
2) Quontity Ceent - t Nl q3aded Aoil eqidu about
S: Cement, whuA pocly qdaded ; unitom Aand edo Moy
deqide bout 9 Cenent . Non ploltic AitA Bequite
about io amnt. uhUuaA pltic chy Ny ead
bout 13/ Cement.
The atual quantity cement dequ ded teh o atia
Aoit ú atestained by tabatoy textA

* The quantity watt wed Mut be Aut6icint fo

hydation 9 cenunt & Ait doy Cenent
t'0M hadm
+ Jateo ueed ahoutd be ean t kue tom
AaltA. alkuliU, aidu

t The Mitude oit. cenent & ate hould be

CeMent Atabilidaha
thotoughy
depndi nainly thodough miing
not Miud pd opry. ut oy
.
ron honOqeneou Weak pBoduta
Coparthon
Soil Cenent ahout be Popcd ly conpaukd
opthiMuM
Jioe qoaineed soill cBpauted atat wt

E& Coarie gdainud Aoilk compauted at ddy optimuM

Kn
Atxength
CompseAive3300

400

IS2 1. 68

y dentity glec
tdmixtude
Cement
cemnt au Stobiliz1?
* TO cincoee the theutiveneu
Cment ad a
admituel au oMetimeu ndded to oil
Cement in the MiI Which Bedu(el cennt
placement 9
Content.

+ + with Concoete the compaeuive At3eng th a Aoil Cement

incdaA with age. 3n poauthce oit - Cement u cudd ate
Compauti on wnde? Cnditi a that poevnt dying 9 the Au7ae
Soil - (ement Cude 3opidy ith in(3ae ún tempedatu'e
although ut wid haden at au tempeaatuae

Cmutdution methodsstepa a cenet Atabilizd Aoil

Mi in place method
* gn thu Method q Cutauchn,Ming Aoil (eMent
ci clou at pluce whee et kould be tinal4 placed
 pulve 20d iu
levelled ti the Nateial on ubgade
Machiu
dne Maunlly d MeLhanically with hep

quntity hate? u Apin kled ove8 the

u done til He miztue çi nitom
Ming
Mauhinel
* Compatin ahoult be done by Auituble
Aoil - (enent u moit udd al ea
* The Conparted
bituminoUs P 3 i o coat
Hdnyr by pdovid1ng a
Ebut ceMent atubi li zahon 9, Aoil | Enqinung
Bengit Cement Atabi li zaho

* Jndeed atength and atibreA

* Bte vouum Atability (ut oiktu Ye Aeitivity
Cmtdol q%goAt heave)
J0cdeared dudabi ity
Jndended dniy Cement tdeatmen noy alighty
in(Bearel the mMaxiMum dy denity Aanu & hiatly
plaitic lat. but that 9 AiltA may be decaed
* Decdeadei platiüty i- Cement seduce the plattiity tndu
a coheitive soil. Thi i Mainly due to an
inoee cin thi paltil Limit ß a deduthon the
üqud imit deperd1 na tthu type g oil
 :- The Atdergth (emnt Atabilizud coheiiantnd
denitie
i onleud oil ith & withot (emnt
& Method Conpathn au alo impotunt
Content
Aueh a thu ti ne elupad b MiIny
’ othes tautu
humidity E
Compaution, lngth 9 uding. tempeatude.
alo be Conideret When
Apecimen Si7e Ahouls
Labatuy teu Btta

(rApa) (ompo

Caenl

stangth qain vs. /. admi tude

i9 ain in Atdenqth ad Mi tuie- typial
haeteutiu

* Rudution an SNeLling &shdinkgge.

a Cement to an
Even A l additi expanie aabgiade
Aoil Aiqnitiant y sd uce Ahdin kage &Awe! qernally
belo I.
thaw
*> cement alo pdovidaa atability agaiut Baz
cyde

’ coauking 3 Cement tzeatd pavenent Layeu tukeu place

initialy bawe y8ahn the iemunt
 dying the Aoit

2 alh Aol Atabiizotin

alh u a doil holte prodit gen70td b9
the Lombuin q, coal
genezatly that 9, olght o dak
PONde 9 prudomienty 3 Sit S120
* e Hy auh wiU huve (onaidedable eVDMntat
with due od .ain & Jate Poluth n

partial dplaument 9 cMN E

* Hy alh a ben caud asaa high enrgy ate matia

typu namuly
?C-3yauh :- obtand qom buning o, bitumi now
au tand alore Mattoial
Coal Thi can be ued
benee utA Pozzolonic pophea
kigh
F- Fly an i Thu ln be obtaned bunng Auh.
bitumenous Coal. Jt lan be wed as miate acog
ith Coal

Najd chemical ConituuntA pu nt un

* The
u Ailio, uumio. teddic oe & Calium 0Xude
J0 the pJUNeN MOiAt e content t dent

Contitube tO the
oil.
compulsibility haruteutca B
 Jhen cantes u added to yah on alkalin Aouuti
Jilu kM with pH anging
h
on 6-l hich il
nhane the uahn hith A0it
AtabiiZe baAe Aub bae
+ gy auh can be wwed to
Aubqdad1, é au tak jil mateia
hange 9 ADit un th paelen 9
* The POAMiblu volum
om
hate Auuh a Aweling & hdinkage ton be ovoided
ly aih Aoil Atubilizoh
Atabilizod oil wiu rude Jate? body holding
* aly ath
nutbing un un
Cnpaury due to caemial seotiou.
Angth w loto 307 bad dy
* opimuM addition a y ah
Night Aoil to achieve duised At3gth
ement Aoil Atabitizatin w Nou Hutive in
* Jy alh
um Aoil tabiizati ç Nou
ohu Ai nluu Aoil & yaih -
coheuive Aoil
ttuh ve cin

* chemical Compoihion & Ativityi t mi uoAcopic Viuo

B y auh eveat mainly qauy Aphuu ith Aome
chemial
(tauin E carbono Ceou Natded. The poinipal
toutituent A e Ailia (sio2), tlum ina (Aig0z). kic oda
(Fey 03) & calciuM 0 e
(cao). othed compounth
Nagnim otud (nago), -ritanium ozid1 ( Tioz) . Akalies
(Nago) and (Kso) , hulphuaioide Cso 3), PhDÀpho oide
(P20s)
* war3 added to fy auh uunlly enteu an alkaline
oluhon n 6to
ith a ptt snging
Mattxial
huteaogtunul
Jautu Auhng the pheial cAmical and enginding
^tetng
Poopertiel alh induce :

Coal tye and pusity

* Degut pulveization
* Boile? type and opedation
* collehian and Atockpaking Methbde
Siicate
’ Jn thiu pooceld, CeMentitiowa CalCiuM
Callium aluminoAili ate thydrates l timed
giaxy cOMponent q the y aih deat with Aate t
line

-’ coitial to the pozzolanity the ky alh

* tmount 9itica & alumina in the tyash

PrL oiÁtwu & i
innud a the eyyah
LON Cabn (ontent
’ The dige auy hadning ah u alio
cdapendent n the alh A denity. tempedatuu ad

Engiruing Pooprti e
* The pcitic gtavity the ash pozhd angeu
km .9 to 2 5. whih cu belo tthot Aoil
koli.
 ThQ aveage gnaun si2e Dso yah u ükely to be
ange 9 o2 to By ah u non plathc
un dry Atate tt au cpheinlAK
ah Nay hove a cuy dunity b<w I 2 &Iq
E. 9
*Cpateet ptimuM NojAtue lontent k
with o
t /m3 (duponding
30to 15 '/ deputively
omn D0S to
Xcompuion unde x 9 y ath Can thge
034 o unitial loadiny JO Be CompuAi on thuue
0.006 to ooL
ValueA are Much Lo

Appliahn and MehaniAM.

JKA beut in Aandy o Aitty. but can alo

+ gy ah
be efyetive in lean clat
on Seveal tatou inuding : 30 -plau Aoil propiu,
Dlay tie Noi^tue content at time Dmpati on &
ey alh addition satio
* ay ah dat oith lime to båm a (ementing Matial
Aoil.
that stoengthen
t T0 Auatain th (ementitiou eation, linu Met be
added & Aupplied to the ty ach.
Jato ofecting Atabilizotion

* Dloy tinme
MoiAt ude Cotent at time a compation
t By aah addition aio.
 ßi
oil totnkd with Uau oth
high CaltiuM y ash u untunnd by the typ

* Soill Cmtaining Nou than i0/

Sulyateu hove beun
appliotion. ao
Pon to Aell eT(eUli vely in AoMe
Aoi au disgi utt to AtabitiZ2 Uiny 6ah
Dulay time Mtauzd b/ uhin
u the tlapaed time
* Delay tm
Natty t
he y auh iAt Come unto Cotaut Aith
tinal compation 9. the oil, y ah t wate Mixtue
* Comprunie Atdength tit tighly dependent upon deloy
tine
* Both deuitie & Atdngth u xedued with un (3aing
delay to inal compotion. atude q, thl
* Dlay time u coitial due
to the apid
ciuM aleMinate C30 3auho thot DccuA heen
tical
lad c ly auh u Mid ith Jateo.
* MaiMuM At3ength un Aoil- By alh mixtwl
a ne-hou? compautia
attain at
dulay Tyiatuy
çi Apecitid to cmt duuti on punpou .

3) Moitude ntent
* The Nate? cntent a the ty olh Atabilti 20d Soil
iatuze etd the At eAgth
Aoil - y
 Miztu genealy NDiAtuo ontutA balon

0nhu Moiatuze contnl t denity

AoiA the optiNuM NoiAtu'e

MaxMlUM M elenity ude Content

optinUM MOiAt
granula Aoiu the thu 1 blo
genialy u to
uMuM dngth i
MaimuM Lmitdution
Content cntolled duzig
Atue Contnt
optim MOiAtue
auud euing a ucto
*NDiAtwu lontent çnwu uuay
MeOMent device
denuty
ontent
H tadoition aho d yath on
u 87 to 16 1. baet
ty ah addition atel
dy sught Aoil
* The additio Bate depend on the natule the Aoil th
tUutiu the ty ah & the Atzength duided
the addition date the highe the 3ali2d
* Highed
(mpieive Atngth
P3opti
ungineding
By ah Atabilizd Aoil
* To nhane Atngth prophu
* Stabilize CnbakMunt
TD Ccntdct Ahink u prpethu eparive oila
+ D3yig aqnt to Juduce Aoil Moiktue Contentu tn
to
Punit Compatio
 to (mt dol shonk
eItent
htany loy Aot (terleg0
(uhin Aubjeultd to wttunhngnot (nttoisct Cun lant
thange
AtuitU inpore Lcadl ihih
tnn tnule pseotue filale
ath rucea th potenthal , a plattic Aoil t
Luntergo votumetdic epanti on hy a Phyicul mtnt
MechaniaM uhich Connot be evatuatd by th plautia
unde yalh Cont do shink hhll by cmnhny
the oil
bond
aggdcgott toqethon to Mak! osoute. By bondin
the oil
gra togethen, Aoil patie MovemntA t
detited TYeial additin datea baled on dy unt
ot a I2 to IS peNent.
TU hel potenial uy akh teated Aoiu
ty 201 iA
tyeicalty le than 0.s punt
Even when compated tuo to tou belo
optinuM MoiAtuðe Conten k maxiNuM denity.

Soit MDdiicathn to deduce sare cntnt

* Soil Nwlt be compated to thç? mazium pdahal
dnsity to poovida a tiðm bale to ove'lying Atiutuxu
* g oia to be compauted thu noituse Content
wt be contzo lled beLae q the datihip bA
Soil dentits & oiktuze Cont
comtent
* J6 the oil to be compauted i thuy to wet
too dy thu noktuse Content ut be aditet
 optinM to aLhieve MaLMM
denity
he DiAtude ntent
the loil
be loe
t clouc Ry auh E ottht high fie ly ah hoVe been
tound T° bt Ve etive dtuying agenti. copaba

t alh dieu the A0il by te thoo baC MecheniAml

ChemiCl utii that conluMe MoiAtue Content n the
oil &
by dinpl diletion
ahe ontain toicalciuM aluminate (30 ,
uhich highly dactive nith ate
* C3A the hemial Conpoun ent &dinay
eulond Cenent JhIh is Jupoible f e y At3ngth.
*he CaA Pent n hyah JeatA itth the ateo, Lo3ing
the oveUl wiAtue Content the Aoil.
* Th duying t
ty ash in Wt Aoil u vey dapid
& ummdiate
qyuckly pJOCead oith Contution.
pnittig
* Jn additin to the apuding up the Conlt outio
Pool the 9 ty ah provid evesal othe?byit
Aueh aa Making the Soil mou deuiAtont to additional
att3 injiudati on, pdovidax odditional Appst to totic
Coeate a uou Atabl Hoðk platfm & duce
cutting kon cmutBuction taattic.
 Aul venue the Aoil

* Speada the lyah

the yalh ith Aoit
t tld the neuay
* Compat the Mie d
* Shape the Atubilizd bae

3 BitUMi nOA Stabili zotin

* Bituminou Atubilization ç an otiVe MUhOd
Aoil Bituminous attxialu ar
uuhich pg i u y wed . Gituminol
bitunen alphat
t Bitunen a
Aoluble un bon
hydbond uhic au omp utey
di- Aulphde
y tPhalla we uteial in hith the
ConponentA ae natuda ind ptdoleun Combinato
t Bituminou neatt 3i al Atabilize the oil eitheo by
bndng the partideu togethe pöottting the doil
the nate? ia deteioul
+ soil Atabili 2ed by aphal D be
Aoil tphat
Aphal u podu(ed by thee poo
’ vaccumM ditilation Psoducing AtBaight
Aphatt
 Clatked Asphal1
High ttptdatuxe aud Hoing Ataaught tun asphal
Psoducing Blon aphat
taut oyuth ny Atabl zahion
Aorl
Aoil Con be Atabi li2ud by ahpal
to Aoil
ganic atteo
arphat
t thphat Atabili zation cannot be t8tv tina goainut
Aoil with tigh pH & duu Aolved aact

thidneu 9 the teatd Aoil Loyeu

* he Joqonic oil Ahould hove haud limit nBu than
L40/

2 tuount g AAphalt
* JNouae in the auphalt Content give betteo uut
+ Jn tine gpund Aoil addition
the Atsenqth but cinpsove the
Aate? pzoofing poqpenty
Uunily s-20. q arphalt à adtad by itA ught.
mixing
A thoough inco-opuation 9 the additivu bith
the oil Lend o bette tubili Zud oiu
Mie
& pug Miu