PROGRAMMING

LANGUAGES 

NAME – VANSH
CLASS - IX(B)
SUB – INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
SUB. TEACHER –ABHAY SIR
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 𝕆𝕍𝔼ℝ𝕍𝕀𝔼𝕎 𝕋𝕆 ℙℝ𝕆𝔾ℝ𝔸𝕄𝕄𝕀ℕ𝔾
𝕃𝔸ℕ𝔾𝕌𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊

INTRODUCTION TO PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

• DEFINITION: A PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE IS A FORMAL
LANGUAGE COMPRISING A SET OF INSTRUCTIONS THAT
PRODUCE VARIOUS KINDS OF OUTPUT. USED IN
COMPUTER PROGRAMMING TO IMPLEMENT ALGORITHMS.
• PURPOSE: TO COMMUNICATE WITH COMPUTERS,
AUTOMATE TASKS, SOLVE PROBLEMS, AND CREATE
SOFTWARE APPLICATIONS.
•
GRAPH VISUALISATION
 𝕂𝔼𝕐 𝔽𝔼𝔸𝕋𝕌ℝ𝔼𝕊 𝔸ℕ𝔻 𝕌𝕊𝔼𝕊

1.PYTHON
•KEY FEATURES:
•READABILITY: SIMPLE AND EASY-TO-READ SYNTAX.
•EXTENSIVE LIBRARIES: LARGE STANDARD LIBRARY AND THIRD-PARTY MODULES.
•INTERPRETED LANGUAGE: NO NEED FOR COMPILATION, WHICH MAKES DEBUGGING EASIER.
•DYNAMIC TYPING: VARIABLES DO NOT NEED EXPLICIT DECLARATION OF TYPES.
•CROSS-PLATFORM: RUNS ON VARIOUS PLATFORMS, LIKE WINDOWS AND LINUX.
USES:
•WEB DEVELOPMENT: FRAMEWORKS LIKE DJANGO AND FLASK.
•DATA SCIENCE AND MACHINE LEARNING: LIBRARIES LIKE PANDAS, NUMPY, AND TENSORFLOW.
•AUTOMATION AND SCRIPTING: FOR AUTOMATING REPETITIVE TASKS.
•SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT: PROTOTYPING AND DEVELOPING APPLICATIONS QUICKLY.
•ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: CREATING AI MODELS AND APPLICATIONS.
•
2. JAVASCRIPT
• KEY FEATURES:
• EVENT-DRIVEN: EXECUTES CODE IN RESPONSE TO USER INTERACTIONS.
• ASYNCHRONOUS PROGRAMMING: SUPPORTS ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATIONS WITH
PROMISES AND ASYNC/AWAIT.
• INTERPRETED LANGUAGE: RUNS DIRECTLY IN THE BROWSER OR ON THE SERVER WITH
NODE.JS.
• DYNAMIC TYPING: TYPES ARE DETERMINED AT RUNTIME.
• PROTOTYPE-BASED OOP: USES PROTOTYPES INSTEAD OF CLASSES FOR INHERITANCE.
USES:
• WEB DEVELOPMENT: CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING FOR INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES.
• SERVER-SIDE DEVELOPMENT: USING NODE.JS FOR BACKEND SERVICES.
• MOBILE APP DEVELOPMENT: FRAMEWORKS LIKE REACT NATIVE.
• GAME DEVELOPMENT: CREATING BROWSER-BASED GAMES.
• DESKTOP APPLICATIONS: USING FRAMEWORKS LIKE ELECTRON.
3. C++
• KEY FEATURES:
• PERFORMANCE: HIGH EFFICIENCY AND CONTROL OVER SYSTEM RESOURCES.
• OBJECT-ORIENTED: SUPPORTS CLASSES AND OBJECTS.
• LOW-LEVEL MANIPULATION: ALLOWS DIRECT MANIPULATION OF HARDWARE AND
MEMORY.
• STANDARD TEMPLATE LIBRARY (STL): PROVIDES A RICH SET OF FUNCTIONS AND
DATA STRUCTURES.
• MULTI-PARADIGM: SUPPORTS PROCEDURAL, OBJECT-ORIENTED, AND GENERIC
PROGRAMMING.
USES:
• SYSTEM/HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT: OPERATING SYSTEMS, DRIVERS, AND FIRMWARE.
• GAME DEVELOPMENT: HIGH-PERFORMANCE GAMES AND GAME ENGINES.
• REAL-TIME SYSTEMS: APPLICATIONS REQUIRING REAL-TIME PROCESSING.
• GRAPHICS AND IMAGE PROCESSING: APPLICATIONS INVOLVING COMPLEX GRAPHICS.
• FINANCIAL APPLICATIONS: HIGH-FREQUENCY TRADING APPLICATIONS.
 ℂ𝕆𝔻𝔼 𝔼𝕏𝔸𝕄ℙ𝕃𝔼

𝕁𝕒𝕧𝕒 ℙ𝕐𝕋ℍ𝕆ℕ
 EXECUTION

JAVA PYTHON
 𝔸𝔻𝕍𝔸ℕ𝕋𝔼𝕊 𝔸ℕ𝔻 𝔻𝕀𝕊𝔸𝔻𝕍𝔸ℕ𝕋𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊 𝕆𝔽
ℙℝ𝕆𝔾ℝ𝔸𝔸𝕄𝕀ℕ𝔾 𝕃𝔸ℕ𝕌𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊
1. ADVANTAGES
• EFFICIENCY AND PERFORMANCE:
• COMPILED LANGUAGES (E.G., C, C++): GENERALLY OFFER FASTER EXECUTION
TIMES AND BETTER PERFORMANCE DUE TO DIRECT TRANSLATION INTO
MACHINE CODE.
• INTERPRETED LANGUAGES (E.G., PYTHON, RUBY): FACILITATE RAPID
DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING DUE TO THEIR HIGH-LEVEL NATURE AND EASE
OF DEBUGGING.
2. EASE OF LEARNING AND USE:
• HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES (E.G., PYTHON, JAVA): OFTEN HAVE SIMPLER SYNTAX
AND ARE MORE USER-FRIENDLY, MAKING THEM EASIER TO LEARN FOR
BEGINNERS AND EFFICIENT FOR RAPID DEVELOPMENT.
3. VERSATILITY:
• SOME LANGUAGES (E.G., JAVASCRIPT, PYTHON) CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY
OF APPLICATIONS, FROM WEB DEVELOPMENT TO DATA SCIENCE, MAKING
THEM HIGHLY VERSATILE.
4. COMMUNITY AND LIBRARIES:
• POPULAR LANGUAGES (E.G., PYTHON, JAVA): BENEFIT FROM EXTENSIVE LIBRARIES AND
FRAMEWORKS, ROBUST COMMUNITY SUPPORT, AND A WEALTH OF LEARNING RESOURCES.
5. PORTABILITY:
• LANGUAGES LIKE JAVA ARE DESIGNED TO BE PLATFORM-INDEPENDENT, ALLOWING CODE TO

RUN ON ANY DEVICE WITH A COMPATIBLE RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT. 

 𝔻𝕀𝕊𝔸𝔻𝕍𝔸ℕ𝕋𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊
1. PERFORMANCE OVERHEAD:
• INTERPRETED LANGUAGES OFTEN SUFFER FROM SLOWER EXECUTION SPEEDS COMPARED TO
COMPILED LANGUAGES DUE TO THE OVERHEAD OF INTERPRETING CODE AT RUNTIME.
2. COMPLEXITY IN LOW-LEVEL OPERATIONS:
• HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGES CAN OBSCURE LOW-LEVEL OPERATIONS, MAKING IT DIFFICULT TO
PERFORM SYSTEM-LEVEL PROGRAMMING OR FINE-TUNE PERFORMANCE-CRITICAL
.
APPLICATIONS

•
 ℝ𝕆𝕃𝔼 𝕀ℕ 𝔻𝔼𝕍𝔼𝕃𝕆ℙ𝕀ℕ𝔾 𝔸ℙℙ𝕃𝕀ℂ𝔸𝕋𝕀𝕆ℕ

1. PYTHON:
• ROLE: PYTHON IS KNOWN FOR ITS SIMPLICITY AND
READABILITY, MAKING IT A POPULAR CHOICE FOR
BEGINNERS AND EXPERTS ALIKE. IT PLAYS A
SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN WEB DEVELOPMENT, DATA
ANALYSIS, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, SCIENTIFIC
COMPUTING, AND AUTOMATION.
• USE CASES: WEB FRAMEWORKS LIKE DJANGO AND
FLASK, DATA SCIENCE LIBRARIES SUCH AS PANDAS
AND NUMPY, MACHINE LEARNING FRAMEWORKS
LIKE TENSORFLOW AND PYTORCH, AND
2. JAVASCRIPT:
• ROLE: JAVASCRIPT IS THE CORNERSTONE OF WEB DEVELOPMENT. IT
ENABLES DYNAMIC, INTERACTIVE WEB PAGES AND IS ESSENTIAL
FOR FRONT-END DEVELOPMENT. WITH NODE.JS, JAVASCRIPT HAS
ALSO BECOME A POWERFUL TOOL FOR BACK-END DEVELOPMENT.
• USE CASES: CLIENT-SIDE SCRIPTING FOR WEB BROWSERS, SERVER-
SIDE DEVELOPMENT WITH NODE.JS, FRAMEWORKS LIKE REACT,
ANGULAR, AND VUE.JS FOR BUILDING COMPLEX WEB APPLICATIONS.
3. C++:
• C++ CAN BE CONSIDERED THE "ROME" OF PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES FOR SYSTEM PROGRAMMING, GAME DEVELOPMENT,
AND APPLICATIONS REQUIRING HIGH PERFORMANCE. ITS LOW-
LEVEL CAPABILITIES, COUPLED WITH HIGH-LEVEL ABSTRACTIONS,
EMPOWER DEVELOPERS TO BUILD EFFICIENT AND COMPLEX
SOFTWARE SYSTEMS ACROSS A WIDE RANGE OF INDUSTRIES.
ℙ𝕐𝕋ℍ𝕆ℕ ℝ𝕆𝕃𝔼 𝕀ℕ 𝔻𝔸𝕋𝔸 𝔸ℕ𝔸𝕃𝕐𝕊𝕀𝕊 𝔸ℕ𝔻 𝔸𝕀

1. EXTENSIVE LIBRARIES:
• NUMPY: PROVIDES SUPPORT FOR LARGE MULTI-DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS AND MATRICES,
ALONG WITH A COLLECTION OF MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS TO OPERATE ON THESE
ARRAYS.
• PANDAS: OFFERS DATA STRUCTURES AND OPERATIONS FOR MANIPULATING NUMERICAL
TABLES AND TIME SERIES, MAKING DATA CLEANING AND PREPARATION MORE EFFICIENT.
• MATPLOTLIB AND SEABORN: USED FOR DATA VISUALIZATION, ENABLING THE CREATION
OF A WIDE VARIETY OF STATIC, ANIMATED, AND INTERACTIVE PLOTS.
• SCIPY: BUILDS ON NUMPY AND PROVIDES ADDITIONAL MODULES FOR OPTIMIZATION,
INTEGRATION, AND STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS.
2. EASE OF USE:
• READABLE SYNTAX: PYTHON’S CLEAR AND CONCISE SYNTAX ALLOWS FOR THE EASY
MANIPULATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA.
• INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENTS: TOOLS LIKE JUPYTER NOTEBOOKS AND IPYTHON PROVIDE
INTERACTIVE ENVIRONMENTS THAT ARE IDEAL FOR EXPLORATORY DATA ANALYSIS.
 𝔼𝔽𝔽𝕀ℂ𝕀𝔼ℕℂ𝕐 𝔸ℕ𝔻 ℙ𝔼ℝ𝔽𝕆ℝ𝕄𝔸ℕℂ𝔼 𝕀ℕ
𝕊𝕐𝕊𝕋𝔼𝕄 𝕃𝔼𝕍𝔼𝕃 𝔸ℙℙ𝕃𝕀ℂ𝔸𝕋𝕀𝕆ℕ𝕊

• WHILE PYTHON MAY NOT BE THE FIRST CHOICE FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE

SYSTEM-LEVEL PROGRAMMING DUE TO ITS INTERPRETED NATURE AND
MEMORY OVERHEAD, IT EXCELS IN RAPID DEVELOPMENT, EASE OF USE, AND
PORTABILITY. BY LEVERAGING STRATEGIES LIKE INTERFACING WITH C/C++,
USING JIT COMPILERS LIKE PYPY, AND OPTIMIZING CODE WITH PROFILING
TOOLS, PYTHON CAN BE EFFECTIVELY USED IN MANY SYSTEM-LEVEL
APPLICATIONS WHERE PERFORMANCE IS CRITICAL. FOR TASKS WHERE
MAXIMUM EFFICIENCY IS REQUIRED, IT IS OFTEN USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH
LOWER-LEVEL LANGUAGES TO ACHIEVE THE DESIRED PERFORMANCE.
• 4O
 𝔼𝕍𝕆𝕃𝕍𝕀ℕ𝔾 ℝ𝕆𝕃𝔼 𝕆𝔽 𝕋ℍ𝔼𝕊𝔼 𝕃𝔸ℕ𝔾𝕌𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊

• PYTHON'S ROLE IN DATA SCIENCE, AI, AND AUTOMATION CONTINUES TO

EXPAND WITH PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENTS AND INTERDISCIPLINARY
APPLICATIONS, WHILE JAVASCRIPT'S VERSATILITY ACROSS FULL-STACK
DEVELOPMENT IS ENHANCED BY PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATIONS AND
WEBASSEMBLY. JAVA REMAINS STRONG IN ENTERPRISE AND CLOUD-
NATIVE APPLICATIONS WITH ONGOING MODERNIZATION, AND C++
EVOLVES WITH NEW STANDARDS AND BETTER CONCURRENCY SUPPORT
FOR SYSTEM-LEVEL AND GAME DEVELOPMENT. SWIFT'S USE IN
IOS/MACOS DEVELOPMENT GROWS WITH CROSS-PLATFORM INITIATIVES
AND OPEN-SOURCE CONTRIBUTIONS. GO'S SIMPLICITY AND
CONCURRENCY MODEL DRIVE ITS ADOPTION IN CLOUD SERVICES AND
ENTERPRISE ENVIRONMENTS, WHILE RUST GAINS TRACTION FOR ITS
MEMORY SAFETY AND PERFORMANCE IN SYSTEM PROGRAMMING AND
WEBASSEMBLY INTEGRATION. EACH LANGUAGE ADAPTS TO MEET
CHANGING TECHNOLOGY DEMANDS AND DEVELOPER NEEDS, ENHANCING
THEIR ECOSYSTEMS AND TOOLSETS.
 𝕎𝔼𝔹 ℙ𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊 𝕄𝔸𝔻𝔼 𝕎𝕀𝕋ℍ 𝕋ℍ𝔼𝕊𝔼
ℙℝ𝕆𝔾ℝ𝔸𝕄𝕄𝕀ℕ𝔾 𝕃𝔸ℕ𝕌𝔸𝔾𝔼𝕊
1. PYTHON
• INSTAGRAM: USES DJANGO, A HIGH-LEVEL PYTHON WEB FRAMEWORK.
• SPOTIFY: UTILIZES PYTHON FOR BACKEND SERVICES AND DATA ANALYSIS.
• DROPBOX: INITIALLY BUILT WITH PYTHON AND CONTINUES TO USE IT FOR
BACKEND OPERATIONS.
• REEDIT: ONE OF THE LARGEST SOCIAL NEWS AGGREGATION SITES, ORIGINALLY
WRITTEN IN LISP AND LATER REWRITTEN IN PYTHON.
2. JAVA
• TWITTER: INITIALLY USED RUBY ON RAILS BUT NOW USES JAVA FOR BACKEND
SERVICES.
• LINKEDIN: USES JAVA EXTENSIVELY FOR BACKEND INFRASTRUCTURE.
• AMAZON: UTILIZES JAVA FOR MANY OF ITS BACKEND SERVICES.
• EBAY: USES JAVA FOR ITS CORE INFRASTRUCTURE AND BACKEND SYSTEMS.