COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN (CAD):
AUTOCAD
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 1
Flow Diagrams
l Block Flow Diagrams (BFD)
l Process Flow Diagrams (PFD)
l Piping and Instrument Diagrams
(P&ID)
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 2
The Block Flow Diagram (BFD)
l BFD shows overall processing picture of a chemical complex
l Flow of raw materials and products may be included on a BFD
l BFD is a superficial view of facility – ChE information is missing
Figure 2.16 Block flow diagram for the vinyl-chloride process.
The Process Flow Diagram (PFD)
l PFD shows the topology of the process – showing
the connectivity of all the streams and the equipment
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)-ANATOMY
q Detailed diagram in the process industry which shows the piping and
vessels in the process flow, together with the instrumentation and
control devices
q In simple words: Schematic representation of all equipment, piping
and process instrumentation used to control the process
q P&ID can be divided into 3 parts:
1) Instrument (e.g. venturi meter, temperature controller and etc.)
2) Equipment (e.g. pump, compressor, vessel, heat exchanger and etc.)
3) Piping (including fittings and valves)
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 5
P&ID
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 6
P&ID
R. Turton and J. A. Shaeiwitz -
Copyright 2008
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)-GENERAL RULES
q P&IDs do not usually have drawing scale
q Present only relationship or sequence between components
q Only shows information on how system functions
Does not present actual physical relationships between
components in system
q P&IDs provide most concise format for how system should
function
Used extensively in operation, repairs, and
modifications
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 8
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION
DIAGRAM (P&ID)-GENERAL RULES
q To show:
Material flow direction
Piping and fitting between various section
Major pieces of mechanical equipments
Valves and directions of process flow
q Not to show:
Process information
Physical dimensions of equipment
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 9
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- INDUSTRY STANDARDIZED
SYMBOLS
q Download P&ID symbols (pid-legend.pdf)
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 10
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 11
ENGINEERING DRAWING
ENGINEERING DRAWING
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 14
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 15
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 16
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 17
ENGINEERING DRAWING
ENGINEERING DRAWING
l FC Flow Controller PT Pressure Transmitter
l FE Flow Element PTD Pressure Transducer
l FI Flow Indicator
l FT Flow Transmitter LC Level Controller
l FS Flow Switch LG Level Gauge
l FIC Flow Indicating Controller LR Level Recorder
l FCV Flow Control Valve LT Level Transmitter
l FRC Flow Recording Controller LS Level Switch
LIC Level Indicating Controller
l PC Pressure Controller LCV Level Control Valve
l PG Pressure Gauge LRC Level Recording Controller
l PI Pressure Indicator
l PR Pressure Recorder TE Temperature Element
l PS Pressure Switch TI Temperature Indicator
l PIC Pressure Indicating Controller TR Temperature Recorder
l PCV Pressure Control Valve TS Temperature Switch
l PRC Pressure Recording Controller TC Temperature Controller
l PDI Pressure Differential Indicator TT Temperature Transmitter
l PDR Pressure Differential Recorder
l PDS Pressure Differential Switch
l PDT Pressure Differential Transmitter
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- TAGGING
q Contains collections of similar objects with unique tags so
that even identical objects (valves, pumps, instruments, etc.)
can be uniquely identified
q Consistently used in P&ID. Place within or near to the
objects (horizontal: left to right/ aligned: bottom to top)
q Depends on the companies and standards (e.g. ASME,
ANSI, API, ISA, AIChe and etc.) used
q For comparison (line weight):
q Main pipeline : 0.7 mm
q Instrument, equipment, fitting, valve, others: 0.35 mm
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 21
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- TAGGING (EXAMPLE)
Instrument
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 22
Instrumentation Symbol
Instruments that are field mounted
-Instruments that are mounted on process
plant (i.e sensor that mounted on pipeline or
process equipments.
Field
mounted
on
pipeline
Instrumentation Symbol
Instruments that are board mounted
-Instruments that are mounted on control
board.
Instrumentation Symbol
Instruments that are board mounted
(invisible).
-Instruments that are mounted behind a
control panel board.
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- TAGGING (EXAMPLE)
Instrument
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 26
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- TAGGING (EXAMPLE)
Equipment, valve, fitting and others
Example: Centrifugal Pump
CP-100-1
CP = Centrifugal pump
100 = P&ID Number
1 = Sequence
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 27
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- TAGGING (TYPICAL)
Piping
1) Nominal size (diameter)
2) Flow material
3) P&ID Number and sequence
4) Piping material
Example: 6-NG-200-1-CS
PIPING & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
(P&ID)- GENERAL ARRANGEMENTS
l Single line format most commonly used in P&IDs
l Use simple standard symbols & abbreviations
l Use tables for description of symbols and abbreviations
(separate sheet)
l Represents all piping, regardless of size, as a single line
l Clear picture of system equipment and instrumentation
l The preferred arrangement (if possible):
towers, vessels and heaters (upper part of the diagram)
heat exchanger (middle part)
equipment (lower part)
l The spacing of equipment and flow lines shall permit identification
and tracing of the lines easily.
l General flow scheme shall be from left to right. Unnecessary line
crossing should be avoided. If unavoidable, use broken line.
l Arrowhead shall be used to indicate materials flow direction
ELO 1.4
Exercise
TI
101
TK-101
P-101 E-101
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 30
Exercise
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 31
Exercise
ENGINEERING DRAWING Slide 32
ASSIGNMENT
l Use AutoCAD Plant 3D, construct P&ID for the given process
flowsheet in Figure 2.17. Use suitable symbol, tagging and
arrangement for that P&ID.
l Add suitable label, project name, and title
l Submit in a form of softcopy (A4 size) through elearning
ELO 1.4
ASSIGNMENT
Slide 34
Figure 2.17: Process flowsheet for cyclohexane production
