3
Changes of State When a liquid is heated the particles
gain more energy, causing them to
move faster. When the substance
reaches its boiling point, the particles
have enough energy to escape the
liquid and the substance changes to a
gas. This is known as boiling.
2
4
3 4 As a gas cools. The particles have less
energy, so they begin to move
more slowly. The particles no longer
A change of state occurs if the particles have enough energy to overcome the
gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction, the particles
forces of attraction between them. This become closer and touch each other,
happens at the melting point of the and the substance changes to a liquid.
substance. The particles in the solid This is known as condensation.
break free from their neighbors and
the substance changes to a liquid. This
is known as melting. 5
2 5 As a liquid continues to cool.
The particles move closer together as
they no longer have enough energy
to overcome the forces of attraction
between them, the particles become
1 tightly packed in a pattern and the
Some substances can change straight 1 substance becomes a solid. This is
from solid to gas when heated, without known as freezing.
first becoming a liquid. This process is
called sublimation.
