ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR
METAL MELTING ANDPRODUCTS MANUFACTURING PLANT
LOCATION: OROMIA REGIONAL STATE, SHEGER CITY ADMINISTRATION, GELAN SUB CITY, GELAN
WEREDA ADMINISTRATION
PROMOTER: - Sidama Awash
Contact Person: Se’id Demxo

PREPARED BY
Bright star management and environmental consultancy plc
Contact person: TESFAYE DEGEFA
Phone Number: 251922156248

Addis Ababa
Submitted to Gelan Sub City Environmental Protection Authority

OCT, 2024
Gelan, Ethiopia
Table of Contents Pages

List of Tables

Table Page
Table 1: limit values for discharge to water sources ................................................................................ 12

Table 2: Limit values for noise level ................................................................................................................. 13

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air .................................................................................................... 13

Table 4: Permissible Noise Exposure ................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

Table 5: Environmental Management Plan at Construction Phase ................................................... 38

Table 6: Environmental Management Plan of at Operation Phase .................................................... 40

Table 7: Environmental Monitoring Plan at construction & operational Phases ....................... 45

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Abbreviations
AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Art. Article
BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand
CSA Central Statistical Agency
CSE Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
oC Degree Celsius
dB Decibel
D.G. Diesel Generator
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EPA Environmental Protection Authority
EPE Environmental Policy Ethiopia
EPLAU Environmental Protection, Land administration & Use Authority)
FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
GHGs Greenhouse Gases
HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus
OHSG Occupational Health and Safety Guideline
Plc. Private Limited Company
Proc. No. Proclamation Number
REAs Regional Environmental Agencies
STDs Sexual Transmitted Disease

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 Executive Summary
This Environmental and social Impact Assessment study of proposed Metal melting and products
manufacturing plant located at Oromia regional state, Sheger City administration, Gelan Sub City,
Gelan Wereda administration promoted by SE’ID Demxo has been conducted by Bright star
management and environmental consultancy plc
The project will require initial investment capital of 1.1 billion ETB on plot area of 60,000 m2 in
Gelan Sub City industrial zone, and it is supposed to create job opportunities 260Permanent (Skilled
160 & Unskilled 200). This report presents the results of an environmental and social impact
assessment of Metal melting and products manufacturing plant to be envisaged on the land obtained
through lease basis by micro enterprise transformation. The site is considered to be a suitable
location for this project as it is within an acceptable operational distance from Addis Ababa city
centers and has access to the main road and vehicles.
The company will apply an environmentally-sound technology to manufacture aluminum based
construction materials products manufacturing building constructions and other purposes from
qualified billets raw materials imported from abroad.
The purpose of the study is to generate sufficient information on significant impacts that enable the
preparation of an environmental and social impact assessment and mitigation measures which will
be used to determine things under what conditions a project should proceed.

The Methodologies employed in identifying, predicting and analyzing the impacts for this project is
simple cause-effect matrices. To achieve these objectives the assessment collected baseline data
firstly through desktop studies on a: national level; regional, and then finally physical inspection of
the site and surrounding areas. These were to identify and analyze impacts in order to fully prioritize
them and develop efficient and appropriate mitigation measures.

As per the environmental policy and regulatory of Ethiopia, undertaking environmental and social
impact assessment (ESIA) is a prerequisite for granting a license to operate for major development
projects. Accordingly, this environmental and social management plan (ESMP) has been undertaken
in order to identify adverse and positive effects on the natural, social, including on the cultural,
environment and put in place an environmental management system to minimize the adverse effects
likely to result during the implementation and operation of the factory. The potential anticipated
adverse impacts of the project during its implementation are dust and air emissions, solid and liquid
wastes, and occupational health and safety among others that can affect the environment and
human health.

On the other hand, the envisaged company has significant economic benefits to the country and the
local people as well. Some of these are employment opportunities, provision of market for supply of
Aluminum based construction materials products for building construction industries and other

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purposes, increased economic activities and government revenue, stimulation to urban development
etc.

The negative environmental impacts of the project are also significant unless the proposed
mitigation measures are not taken at the project implementation phase. An environmental
management plan and mitigation measures has been prepared to control the adverse negative
impacts associated with the operation of the factory’s activities for the existing project. It is
considered that through good environmental management during construction and operation
phases, the management of environmental risks and health and safety management, the potential
adverse impacts can be mitigated to levels that are not significant. Finally, the proponent has
proposed easily achievable impact monitoring and evaluation actions with environmental audit
plan.

Special consideration should be given to enhancement of positive effects of the project. To address
the management of the identified environmental issues associated with the project as well the team
allocated a budget of ETB 515,000.00 to implement Environmental management and monitoring
plan, in consent with the project proponent.

It can be surmised that the implementation of the project have net positive impacts to the
environment of the immediate and surrounding areas. As a result, the company’s activities can be
classified as an environmental improvement program. The environmental and social impact
assessment (ESIA) of the company has been prepared in accordance with the environmental impact
assessment proclamation of the government of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia,
proclamation number 299/2002 and other legally binding documents as described in this report.

Generally, the environmental and social impact assessment study report contains findings carried
out as integral part of the safeguards instrument for facilitating the consideration of environmental
issues and submitted to the Gelan sub city environmental protection Authority for legal approval
based on environmental and social impact assessment guidelines.

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1. Introduction
1.1. Background of the project
An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) should be seen as a process that starts at
the conceptual design stage of a project and continues throughout project construction, operation
and decommissioning. During the process, several deliverables are prepared to guide the activities
of the specific project stage.

This Environmental and social Impact Assessment study of proposed Metal melting and products
manufacturing plant has increasingly focused on the potential risks to the health of the society and
the environment rising from establishment of new projects. Looking after the environment is
essential if we are to sustain living conditions today and preserve for generations to come.
Managing environmental issues has also become a critical success factor for business.
Environmental awareness drives innovations and resource savings, leading to efficient production
and reduced costs. It is the fact that, the level of impact on the society and the environment,
however, varies from project to project. In this regard the paper and paper products
manufacturing factory project have an environmental and health impact if the proposed
mitigation measures are not properly implemented.

The purpose of this report is, to carry out environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) on
this project particularly concerning environmental management and monitoring plans. As the
initial environmental examination indicates there is a sufficient ground for the requirement of
detailed environmental and social impact assessment for this project. Environmental and social
management plan is necessary to indicate what measure should be taken at the implementation
of the project, particularly in relation to pollution control and human health and safety strategies.

This environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) is a live document and should always
reflect the varying needs and environmental baseline conditions. Accordingly, the worst-case
scenario was approached in order to ensure the maximum potential impacts are predicted and
understood and their relative mitigation measures are set. Therefore, the promoter undertook this
environmental and social impact assessment study that enables to identify impacts and adapt
alternative optimization/mitigation measures to effects raised at the project operation stages.

The promoter of the project is sole proprietor business registered in the name of the promoter
that is a well-experienced business person and performance wise. They have been successful in
smoothly undertaking their existing business activities transactions and generated encouraging
return over the preceding years. The promoters’ rich experience and returns of their business
engagements serves as spring board for the project under consideration they are working
on. This report concerns ESIA of promoter which is working in Gelan Sub city, Gelan wereda
administration on a total area of 60,000 m2 obtained by lease basis in the industrial zone.

The promoter is an Ethiopian business man of aluminum based construction materials products
manufacturing factory. Its products are confirming to the National and International standards
meeting the stringent demand of the discerning customers has been synonymous with quality.

Accordingly, the worst-case scenario was approached in order to ensure the maximum potential
impacts are predicted and understood and their relative mitigation measures are set. The
environmental and social impact assessment (ESIA) report was mainly prepared to assess the
impacts and provide the mitigation measures for the project activities. This environmental and
social impact assessment (ESIA) report is conducted under the requisites of the environmental
impact assessment proclamation (176/2012) and its Guideline of Oromia Regional state.

1.2. Objectives of the ESIA Study

1.2.1. General objective
The main objective of the ESIA for the company is to enable the factory to comply with the
Environmental Protection Authority's environmental regulations and procedures. Moreover, the
assessment will make the project activities to be implemented in environmental conscious and
socially acceptable manner for the sustainable benefits of the factory itself and local community.

1.2.2. Specific Objectives

 To categorize and describe elements of community and environment likely to be affected by
the proposed developments and/or likely to cause adverse impacts to the proposed project,
including natural and man-made environment;
 To classify and quantify emission sources and determine the significance of impacts on
community and environment
 To propose mitigation measures for identified adverse impacts of the factory;
 To develop environmental management plan and monitoring/audit requirements to ensure
the implementation and the effectiveness of the environmental protection and pollution
control measures adopted.
1.3. Scope of the ESIA Study
The scope of the study entails assessment of the environmental and social impact of the project
activity in Gelan Sub city, Gelan wereda administration. The total plot area of the project is

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60,000m2. Environmental and social impact assessment covers physical and social impacts of
project activities during implementation phases of the project.

1.4. Methodologies Employed to Assess ESIA

This ESIA has been prepared to identify and assess potential environmental and social impacts of
the project on the biophysical and human environments and to set out measures to avoid,
minimize, mitigate and manage adverse impacts to acceptable levels.

1.4.1. Review of Relevant Literature, Policies and Legal Documents

The first phase started by getting existing project documents (feasibility study, investigation
reports, operational activities, etc.) location and topographic maps that was relevant to the factory
activities followed by an intensive desktop review of available reports and documents. Policies,
legislation and guidelines pertinent to environmental protection were gathered and reviewed for
assessing the relevant environmental policies, laws and regulations related to environmental
protection matters in general and the expected environmental impacts of the factory in particular.
Moreover available documents related to the project were collected and reviewed in order to
obtain important data about the factory.

The factory site location, technologies to be employed, product mix, potential environmental
impacts, capital and operating costs, suitability under local conditions, and institutional, training,
and monitoring requirements were considered in the evaluation of alternatives. The factory
impacts were identified using interviewing Authorities experts and local people, literature review,
field visit and pertinent secondary data and documents. Impacts were first distinguished as either
positive or negative. The factory negative impacts were analyzed to denote their significance
based on their characteristics and this was also impacts per project phase. Significance was judged
based on their capacity to change baseline conditions beyond acceptable standards or legislative
provisions.

1.4.3 Site observation:

This involves a transect walk across the land rented and the neighboring area to get acquainted
with the natural environment and also to cross check issues, arising from the interviews above.
Furthermore, field visit was undertaken to understand the likely impacts of a development project,
aluminum based construction materials products manufacturing in this case on the environment
around the project site through making transect walking along the intended project site. This field
survey also helped to gather the base line environmental condition of the area for better prediction

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and evaluation of the adverse environmental impacts. In the field visit the ECO Investment and &
Environmental Consultancy Service identified different areas of attention like pollution from
wastewater, air pollution, noise pollution, and land pollution from improper solid waste disposal
especially the plastic waste during the project implementation human health and safety impacts.

1.4.4 Project justification

The envisaged project in Gelan Sub-City Gelan Wereda administration is aimed to produce
aluminum based construction materials products manufacturing materials. Total company
premises area is 60,000 m2 of land. This aluminum based construction materials products
manufacturing will install on 25000 m2. Within the compound of aluminum based construction
materials products manufacturing there will be a Packing Materials and recycling activity. The
project created job opportunity for over 309 permanent and temporary workers.

1.4.5 Limits of the Study

The Partial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment were prepared for those areas that
would be influenced by the impact of the project’s implementation. But the area where the project
is to be established is an industrial area and the impact from the nearby project was not
entertained in detail. Data inadequacy due to personal error may be another limitation which will
cause the unforeseen impacts to occur at any stage of the project cycle.

1.4.6 Report Structure

The ESIA report is organized in 5 prefaces.

Preface I: cover page

Preface II: table of content

Preface II: figure of table

Preface III: abbreviation

Preface IV: Executive summary

The ESIA report is organized in 12 sections.

Section 1: Introduction

Section 2: Environmental scoping

Section 3: Policy, Legal & Administrative Framework

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Section 4: Description of the project and its Alternative

Section 5: Baseline information of the project

Section 6: Identification of Environmental and Social Impact

Section 7: Potential Environmental and Social Impacts & Proposed Mitigation Measures

Section 8: Environmental and Social Impact Management Plan

Section 9: Environmental Monitoring/Auditing Program

Section 10: Conclusion and recommendation

Section 11: Reference

Section 12: Appendices

2. Environmental Scoping Report

The scoping concerns identifying the project location and its area coverage, sensitive
environmental components from field observation and prescreening reviews as well as the final
report. The study includes detailed characterization of existing status of environment in an area
around project for various identified environmental components air, noise, and water, land,
biological and socio-economic.

2.1 Assumption and/or Gap in Knowledge

Even though some progress is made regarding ESMP, management and monitoring on the
proposed project and even for other projects as far as we know, there are a lot of issues to be
realize objectives of the proclamation in Ethiopia investment. Some of the information contained
in this report was compiled based on responses of the proponent, staff and the public. There are
difficulties in verification of this kind of information. During this assessment, the consultants have
attempted to independently evaluate information obtained within the limits of the established
scope of work. Generally, the limitation for this study is deep knowledge on the proposed project.

2.2 Valued Ecosystem Components within the Study Area

The primary function of scoping also referred to as setting the Terms of Reference of a PESIA, is to
establish the environmental priorities and set the boundaries for the study. The objective is to
avoid creating a voluminous report and make the assessment process concise and focused.
Impacts of the Metal melting and products manufacturing Project will totally cover around 3000
m2 found in around Sheger City Administration, Gelan Sub City Gelan Wereda administration.

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Primarily water and air are the natural ecosystem to be impacted by the project as result of the
dust generated during construction and transportation, loading and unloading activities.
Landscape changes because construction affects the flora and faunas reduce water quality and
quantity of the area. Physical injuries and human health affected from the dust emission during
construction, processing, loading and unloading. Noise pollution is also another effect raised from
the machines used to full fill the purposes of the project.

3. ADMINISTRATIVE, LEGAL AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

3.1. General overview
This Chapter provides an overview of the regional, national policy and legal framework within
which the project is being developed. The overall policy and legal framework in Federal and
Regional Autonomous are considered, together with specific sectorial laws on environment, land
use and health & safety. The policies, regulations and administrative framework within which the
project is to be implemented with respect to environmental management and protection are
reviewed in this section. The review includes the sector-specific Environmental and Policies and
Regulations of, National policies regarding socio-economic issues and the Administrative
framework of various agencies with the implementation of the proposed project

3.2. Policy Issues

The economic policy of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) is market- based
agricultural led industrialization mode of economic development. The administrative structure is
at federal as well as regional level with duties and responsibilities shared among them.
Responsibilities of development activities are clearly demarcated between Federal and Regional
Governments based on the scale characteristics and magnitude of the investment to be
undertaken.

3.2.1. Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia

Countrywide studies of the existing natural resource base and environmental conservation and
protection strategies have been conducted in early 1990‟s and Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia
(CSE) has been approved. The CSE emphasizes the importance of incorporating environmental
issues in to development activities right at the initial stage of development.

3.2.2. Environmental Policy of Ethiopia (EPE)

The overall policy goals of the EPE is described as “... to improve and enhance the health and
quality of life of all Ethiopians and to promote sustainable social and economic development

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through the sound management and use of natural, human made and cultural resources and the
environment as a whole so as to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising
the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. The guiding principles of the EPE are:
 Every person has the right to live in healthy environment;
 Sustainable environmental conditions and economic production systems are impossible in the
absence of peace and personal security. This shall be assured through the acquisition of power
by communities to make their own decision on matters that affect life and environment;
 The development, use and management of renewable resources shall be based on
sustainability; and
 The use of non-renewable resources shall be minimized and where possible their availability
extended (e.g. through recycling) among the others

3.2.3. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Pro. No.299/2002)

The regional Environmental Protection, Land administration & Use Authority (EPLAUA) has
developed general EIA guideline based on the federal EIA guideline as an overall framework to
integrate environmental concerns in its Regional Development Strategies. The document outlines
the guiding principle underlying the objectives of EIA studies.

3.2.4. National Policy on Women

The constitution of FDRE recognizes equal rights of women and men; however, the traditional
societal structure keeps women in a very low position and vulnerable situation. Women occupy a
very small percentage of key political and government decision making positions. The National
Policy on Women was formulated in 1993, aimed to create appropriate structures within
government offices and institutions to establish equitable and gender-sensitive public policies.
The policy goals are: ensure women’s right, create favorable environment for women, ensure the
supply of basic services to women, and eliminate gender based discriminations. The policy has
four major objectives;
 Laws, regulations, systems, policies and development plans that are issued by the Government
should ensure the equality of men and women, special emphasis should be given to the
participation of rural women.
 Economic, social and political policies and program, as well as cultural and traditional practices
and activities should ensure equal access of men and women to the country’s resources and
decision-making process.
 The central government and regional administrations should ensure that women participate
in and benefit fully from all activities carried out by central and regional institutions.
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 Development institution, programs and projects should ensure women’s access to and
involvement in all interventions and activities.
3.2.5. Health policy of Ethiopia
Ethiopia’s health policy was issued in 1993, with the aim of giving special attention to women and
children, to neglected regions and segments of the population, to victims of manmade disasters.
The priority areas of the policy are in the field of Information, Education and Communication (IEC)
of health to create awareness and behavioral change of the society towards health issues,
emphasis on the control of communicable diseases, epidemic, and on diseases that are related to
malnutrition and poor living condition, promotion of occupational health and safety, development
of environmental health, rehabilitation of health infrastructures, carrying out applied health
research provision of essential medicines, expansion of frontline and middle level health
professionals.

3.3. Legal Frameworks

There are several proclamations provided by the FDRE related to Environmental protection
issues. Among these are:

3.3.1. The Federal Constitution

The Federal Constitution of 1995 sets out important articles related to development and
Environmental rights; Article 43 discusses the right to development. The constitution under
Article 44 highlights about environmental rights as follows:
 All persons have a right to live in a clean environment;
 All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a
result of the state programs have the right to commensurate monitory or alternative means of
compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance.
Under article 92 the constitution discusses about environmental objectives as:
 Government shall endeavor to ensure that all Ethiopians live in a clean and healthy
environment.
 The design and implementation of programs and projects of development shall not damage or
destroy the environment;
 People have the right to full consultation and to the expression of views in planning and
implementation of environmental policies and projects that affect them directly.
 Governments and Citizens have the duty to protect the environment.

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3.4. Institutional and Administrative Framework
3.4.1. The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA)
The EPA was established in August 1995, in response to the requirements of the constitution
(Proclamation No.9/1995). The objective of the EPA is to ensure that all matters pertaining to the
country’s social and economic development activities are carried out in manner that will protect
the welfare of human beings as well as sustainability of the project, to develop and utilize the
resource bases on which they depend for survival. Roles and responsibilities of the EPA
 The EPA is the Competent Agency at the Federal level in Ethiopia. It is, therefore, the
responsibility of this authority in the EIA process to:
 Ensure that the proponent complies with requirements of the EIA process;
 Maintain co-operation and consultation between the different Sectorial agencies throughout
the EIA process;
 Maintain a close relationship with the proponent and to guidelines on the process; and
Evaluate and take decisions on the documents that arise from the EIA process. At
the regional level, the Federal EPA has devolved responsibility to the Regional equivalent of
EPA. The regional authorities should ideally establish an EPA-type institution to deal with
environmental issues at the regional level.
3.4.2. Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation No. 176/2012
The Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation Oromia region No. 176/2012): has made it
mandatory that all development projects should be subjected to the environmental study. It means
that EIA is a legal requirement. The core environmental law for this study is the Environmental
Impact Assessment Proclamation No.176/2012. This Proclamation prescribes that no person shall
commence any new development activity under any category listed in any directive issued
pursuant to this Proclamation (“project”) which requires an environmental impact assessment
without authorization of the Environmental Protection Authority or the relevant regional
environmental agency.

It states that the proponent shall undertake an environmental impact assessment, identify the
likely adverse impacts of his project, incorporated the means of their prevention or containment,
and submit to the Authority or the relevant Zonal environmental agency the environmental impact
study report together with the documents determined as necessary by the Authority or the
relevant regional environmental agency. This Proclamation has addressed the minimum contents
to be addressed in Environmental Impact Assessment report under Article 11 (Environmental
Impact Study Report).

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Accordingly, this EIA study report is prepared to harmonizing and integrating environmental,
economic, cultural and social considerations in the implementation of the project under the
custodianship of the EIA Proclamation No.181/2011. Article 12 of the Proclamation addresses the
EIA report review procedures. This article states three decisions to be given after the review
process. The first is approving the project without conditions and issue authorization. The second
is to approve the project with conditions and issue authorization. The last decision is to refuse the
implementation of the project. Article 21 of the Proclamation requires that the environmental
impact statement be make available to the public and solicit comments on it. Monitoring of the
implementation of an authorized project in terms of commitments made in the report and
conditions of authorization is a requirement as stipulated in Article 15 of the proclamation.

3.4.3. Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation No. 300/2002

This Proclamation came into effect in December 2002, and its primary objective is to provide the
basis from which the relevant ambient environmental standards applicable to Ethiopia can be
developed, and to make the violation of these standards a punishable act.

The Proclamation advocates a “polluter pays” principle and sets out requirements for managing
hazardous waste including, a permitting system for generating, keeping, storing, transportation,
treatment or disposal of hazardous wastes. Operators dealing with hazardous waste have to
prevent any damage to the environment and human health. Chemicals need to be registered,
packed and labeled according to the relevant standards. In addition, the Proclamation states the
various types of environmental standards. However, no standard values were established in the
law.
The law requires urban administrations to collect, transport, recycle, treat and disposal of
municipal waste safely.

The EPA together with the Regional Environmental Agencies (REAs) is required to monitor and
evaluate the adequacy of municipal waste management systems and ensure the effectiveness of
implementation. All premises to which the public has access have to be provided with adequate
and suitable toilets and containers and other facilities for the disposal of waste.

3.4.4. Solid Waste Management Proclamation (Proc. No. 513/2007)

Measures related to waste handling and disposal:
 Any person shall collect waste in an especially designated place and in a manner, which
does not affect the health of the society.

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  No person shall dispose solid, liquid, or any other waste in a manner which contaminates
the environment or affects the health of the society.
3.4.5. Waste Handling and Disposal Guideline, 1997
The Waste Handling and Disposal Guidelines have been in use since 1997. The Guidelines are
meant to help industry and local authorities handle medical waste situation at the local level.
Ethiopia has robust standards for pollution control, emissions and waste as outlined in the
Proclamation for Environmental Pollution Control. However, the implementation quality and
enforcement standards are highly uneven across cities and municipalities. The Environmental
Protection Authority have produced a number of documents to guide any person or organization
who is undertaking activities that may have positive or negative impacts on social, physical or
cultural environments.

3.4.6 Labor Proclamation (Proc. No 1156/2019)

As stated previously the proposed company will have a total of 309 employees. The number of
employees is vast so it requires a strong human resource management approach. The maximum
working time period of workers should comply with the international standards. This
proclamation highly emphasized that an employer should take the necessary measures to
safeguard the health and safety of his workers. The employer shall in particular:
 Comply with the occupational health and safety requirements provided for in this
proclamation.
 Take appropriate steps to ensure that workers are properly instructed and notified about the
hazards of their respective occupations and the precautions necessary to avoid accident and
injury to health.
 Provide workers with protective equipment’s, clothing and other material and instruct them
of its usage, etc.
In general, to ensure workers safety and job security the need to respect the proclamation that has
been clearly stated in the document is vital and mandatory. The Occupational Health and Safety
Guideline were developed as a follow-up to the labor Proclamation and provide guidance on
occupational health and safety requirements.

3.4.7. Public Health Proclamation (Proc. No 200/2000)

In addition to the occupational health and safety measures and precautions indicated in the labor
laws, this public health proclamation underscores the need for avoiding machineries or
instruments that can generate excessive noise of minimizing the effect by the use of noise reducing
apparatuses or instruments. In addition, the proclamation prohibits:
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  The discharge of untreated liquid waste generated form septic tanks, seepage pits and
industries in to water bodies or water convergences.
 The disposal of solid, liquid or any other waste in a manner, which contaminates the
environment or affects the health of the society.
3.5 Regulation pertaining to standards
3.5.1 Effluent standards
Ethiopia has no national standards governing effluent discharges from industries.
However, since 2003 Ethiopia has had draft regulations governing the quality of the
effluent discharged from facilities to public sewers and surface water systems. These draft
guidelines require the facility to meet certain basic water standard for trade effluent
including sewage as shown in table 1 below.
Table 1: limit values for discharge to water sources
Parameter Limit Value
Temperature 40 C
pH 6–9
BOD5 at 200C 200 mg/l
COD 500 mg/l
Suspended solids 50 mg/l
Total ammonia (as N) 30 mg/l
Total nitrogen (as N) 60 mg/l
Total phosphorus (as P) 10 mg/l
Oils, fats, and grease 15 mg/l
Mineral oils at oil trap or interceptors 20 mg/l
Chromium (as total Cr) 2 mg/l
Chromium (as Cr VI) 0.1 mg/l
Chlorides (as Cl) 1000 mg/l
Sulphides (as S) 1 mg/l
Phenols 1 mg/l
During the detailed design stage of the project , facility requirements will be finalized and
will require use of sewage system that conform to international standards and criteria for
the protection of potable water sources down streams.

3.5.2 Noise standards

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Ethiopia has no national legislative standards for noise, but World Bank guidelines have
been adopted by EPA and are used for benchmarking purposes along with the draft
national noise standards that are being prepared. The guideline for daytime perimeter
noise is 55 decibel (dBA). Table 2 provides noise standards being adopted by EPA for
Ethiopia.
Table 2: Limit values for noise level
Area Category of area Limits in dBA
code Day time Night time
A Industrial area 75 70
B Commercial area 65 55
C Residential are 55 45
Day time reckoned to be between 6:00 am to 9:00pm
Night time reckoned to be between 9:00pm to 6:00am

3.5.3 Ambient air quality standards

Table 3: Limit Values for Emissions to Air
Parameter Limit value
Total particulates 50 mg/Nm3
Volatile organic carbons 75 g/m2 product produced
Total hydrogen Sulphides, Sulphides and mercaptans (as S) 5 ppm v/v
Ammonia 40 ppm v/v
Acid vapor’s (as HCl) 30 mg/Nm3

3.6 Relevant International Conventions

In addition to national environmental legislations, the federal democratic republic of Ethiopia is
also a party to a number of regional and international conventions and protocols on environment.
The government has established Commission of Environment, Forestry and Climate Change this
Authority is designated as focal point for the implementation of these conventions and protocols.

According to; Article 9(4) of the constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
provides that once an international agreement is ratified through the accepted or established
procedure, it automatically becomes an integral part of the law of the land. Consequentially, the
convention and the Protocol are the laws of this land. Therefore; the following international
conventions and protocols are relevant to the propose garment manufacturing project.

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3.6.1 Convention on Biological Diversity
The convention on biological diversity has three goals. These are:
 Conservation of biodiversity;
 Sustainable use of the components of biodiversity; and
 Fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising from the use of genetic resources.
The convention was ratified by Ethiopia through proclamation No.98/94 on May 31, 1994.

3.6.2 Framework Convention on Climate Change

Ethiopia ratified this convention through proclamation No. 97/1994 on May 2/1994. This
convention takes into account the fact that climate change has trans-boundary impacts. The basic
objective of this convention is to provide for agreed limits on the release of greenhouse gases into
the atmosphere so as to prevent the occurrence of climate change. It also aims to prepare countries
to minimize the impact of climate change, should it occur.

3.6.3 The Vienna Convention on the Protection of the Ozone Layer

The basic objective of the convention is to combat the negative impact on the environment and
human beings resulting from ozone depleting substances by reducing the amounts released and
eventually banning their commercial use through internationally agreed measures. The Montreal
protocol entered into force in 1989 to facilitate the implementation of this convention.

Ethiopia ratified and become party to the Vienna convention and the Montreal protocol in January
1996. The National Meteorological services agency has been mandated for the coordination and
supervision of implementation of this convention.

3.6.4 The United Nations Conventions to Combat Desertification

The objective of the convention is to combat desertification and mitigate the effects of droughts in
countries experiencing serious drought and or desertification, particularly in Africa. Ethiopia has
ratified the convention through its proclamation no. 80/1997.

3.6.5 The Basel convention

The objective of the Basel convention is to control and regulate the Trans boundary movement of
hazardous wastes. The Bamako convention of 1991 plays a similar role at the level of the African
continent. Ethiopia ratified the Basel convention through its proclamation No. 357/2002. Its
amendment was ratified through proclamation No. 356/2002. The country has also ratified the
Bamako convention through proclamation No. 355/2002.

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3.6.6 The Stockholm Convention

In the year 2002, Ethiopia fully accepted and ratified the Stockholm convention on persistent
organic pollutants by proclamation No. 279/2002 designed to ban the use of persistent organic
pollutants. The Commission of Environment and Forestry has the full mandate to implement the
convention at the national level.

3.6.7 Convention on international trade in endangered species of Fauna and Flora

The objectives of the convention are to control international trade in endangered species and to
ensure that international trade in non-endangered species is carried out in a manner which
ensures stable markets and economic benefits for the exporting countries as well as to control and
regulate illegal trade in such non endangered species, fossils and/ or their derivatives. Ethiopia
ratified the convention through proclamation No.l4/1970. The mandate to implement the
convention at federal level is the responsibility of the Ethiopian wildlife protection and
development organization

4. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT & ITS ALTERNATIVE

General Overview

Sidama Awash is an Ethiopian manufacturer of Aluminum based construction materials products

of Grade RB500 Standard, Grade 60 Quality. Its product is confirming to the National and
International standards meeting the stringent demand of the discerning customers has been
synonymous with quality. The project will be established on a total plot area of 15,000m 2 through
lease basis to manufacture Aluminum based construction materials products from billets raw
materials imported from abroad in achieving environmentally sound and sustainable
development.

4.1. Location of the proposed Project

The proposed project is located in the Oromia regional State, Sheger City, Gelan Sub City
administration, Gelan wereda administration in the industry zone which is located some 25 km
from the capital, Addis Ababa.

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4.2. Objective of the Propose Project
4.2.1. General Objective
The main objective of this project is to manufacture, cost effective, market oriented, client based
and quality structural metals and steel products for both local market and international market.

4.2.2. Specific objectives

 To manufacture various high quality structural metals and steel products as per market
demand at affordable prices to the product users
 To create job opportunities for unemployment local people;
 To facilitate the transfer of modern technologies and skills for the nation’s manufacturing
sector development;
 To save foreign currency drain by substituting import and generate foreign currency by
promoting export;
 To increase government revenue through different forms of taxes, which in turn used to
facilitate social and economic development;
4.3. Raw Materials and Inputs
Making steel raw materials
Steel is made from iron ore, a compound of iron, oxygen and other minerals that occurs in nature.
The raw materials for steelmaking are mined and then transformed into steel using two different
processes: the blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace route, and the electric arc furnace route. Both
processes are being continually improved to meet the challenge of low-emission steelmaking.
4.3.1 Metal melting and products machinery
The principal raw material to be used to manufacture structural metals and steel products is billets
which are imported from abroad. Materials specifications for the profiled are generally of two:
mild (no alloy, plain carbon) steel and high strength low alloy (HSLA) structural steels. The project
will be used hot/cold rolled carbon steel coil or galvanized steel coil to produce Aluminum based
construction materials products manufacturing factory.

Types of Structural Metal melting and Machinery

 Plasma Cutting Systems Plasma cutting systems are one example of structural Metal
melting and equipment.

 Tube Cutting Machine Tube cutting machines are another type of device commonly found
in metal fabrication shops.

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  Punching Line Some fabrication shop owners do not want all the bells and whistles of
plasma cutters or tube bending machines.

4.4. Production Processes

Steel Industry is one of the fastest growing industries of the country. Career opportunities are
rising rapidly in this field. This field offers promising opportunities to the deserving one, but a lot
of hard work and patience are also required. A steel manufacturing is a complex piece of high-
precision industrial equipment that is designed to produce building construction steel materials
at a high rate of speed.

There are three basic parts of Metal melting and– melting raw materials, mixing melted materials
into steel, and forming the desired shape using said steel. The entire process is rather complicated,
has little to no room for error, and requires a person of specific skills to operate it all properly.
This process is widely used by steel fabricators to generate all kinds of steel parts and details, such
as:

• Bar joists;
• Ladders;
• Grating;
• Skids;
• Universal beams;
• Pipe racks;
• Platforms;
• Universal columns;
• Industrial equipment and more.

Metal melting andis a process that can be performed using multiple different methods or
approaches. Here are some of these methods:

• Cutting – there are several different methods that can be used to cut a specific part of a
metal piece:
• Shearing is an alternative, as well, and it’s one of the simplest methods so far – the cutting
process consists of placing a piece of raw material between two parts of the die, in which
the higher part is called punch. By pressing punch to a raw material piece it is rather easy
to separate a single material piece into several different, smaller pieces.
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• Band saws are mostly used when it comes to cutting entire steel parts since shearing covers
the majority of use cases when you need to cut steel plates or sheets. A band saw is either
a hardened abrasive disk or a band that turns against the material piece in question and
sizes it whenever it is needed.
• Cutter torches are also used quite commonly when it comes to cutting large cross-
sectioned steel pieces. Their speed is impressive, but it does use extreme temperatures to
perform the cut in the first place, so the cutting areas are treated as heat-affected zones. It
is worth noting that the cooling style for all the parts that have been cut with this tool does
affect some of the properties that steel has, so it’s important to keep that in mind when
choosing the cutting tool to use. These torches can also be controlled by computers (CNC
type) to speed up the process even more. Additionally, there is an alternative to this that
uses a highly-focused laser to cut steel parts, and the cutter torch itself is mostly powered
by natural gas as the energy source.
• Water jet cutting is also an alternative to cutting torches, but at the same time, it offers no
material distortion and can precisely cut practically any material using high-pressure
water without the overheating problem that regular cutter torches have.
• Bending – a process of changing the shape of a steel piece by applying a massive force to
it, it is usually done by either hammering works or with press machines. Press brakes
and/or tube benders are used in the bending process to achieve the necessary angle of the
steel piece. An extremely important factor that has to be considered when it comes to
bending as a process is the amount of stress applied to the raw material since the excessive
force is capable of deforming the material in question, which later requires additional
operations to fix the problem.
• Welding – it’s a rather common method of Metal melting andthat uses the fusion process
to either combine or bend pieces of steel or other material. The fusion process is achieved
by heating steel parts to an extreme degree, joining or bending them while they’re hot, and
letting them cool. It is an extremely basic operation in principle. There are several different
energy sources that can be used for welding as heat sources, but the most commonly used
ones are lasers, electric arcs, and gas flame.
• Machining – the name of this process comes from the abundance of machinery that can be
used to shave away metal parts to form a specific shape, using tools like drills, lathes, mills,
and so on.
4.5. Products Description

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Steel has been one of the most desired materials for a while now, and it has a plethora of different
appliances. The impressive toughness and other factors are the reason why steel components are
used in pretty much anything, from transportation appliances to structures or entire buildings.

In its nature, steel is an alloy of iron and other materials – and the abundance of materials that can
be added into the alloy creates a wide variety of steel types, with their own downsides and
benefits. As such, Metal melting andis the process of turning said steel into a specific shape – a
process of transformation, for all intents and purposes.

4.6. Planned future capacity and Production Program

Even business undertaking be it large or small should have future development plan. It is a plain
fact that business activities are undertook in a dynamic business nature and different
environment. Therefore, the factory will have an expansion phase depending on the condition of
the industry character particularly in producing the profit itself by installing the plant. In this
regard, envisioned structural aluminum and aluminum products manufacturing project will
expand its capacity as well as the product mix apart from structural aluminum and aluminum
products for different purposes.

Considering the gradual growth of demand and the time required to develop the required skill the
rate of capacity utilizations during the first, second and third year of production will be 60, 80 and
100 % respectively. Full capacity utilization will be reached during the third year of operation.
4.7. Utilities
A number of utilities would be put in place in order to ensure smooth functioning of the project.
The project will become a fully automated production facility and electricity is the main power to
be used at all of its construction and operational phases. In average the annual electric
consumption of the factory will be estimated to be 9640 MW. The Company will receive fresh
water from the municipality of the town water office or it will have their own borehole. The annual
water consumption of the proposed project will be estimated to be 6700 m 3

The two important utilities required are electric power and water

 Electricity: Energy for the production aluminum based construction materials products
manufacturing comes from electricity. The electricity is used to operate machineries within the plant.
Electricity is used throughout the process. The source of electric power is from ELPA line. In
addition, the project will install its diesel generator to complement the electric interruptions
 Water: the project requires water for machine cooling, drinking and employees sanitation purpose,
Source of water from municipality.

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4.8. Organizational Structure & Human Resource
4.8.1. Organizational Structure
The proposed organization structure for the envisaged plant will have three functional
departments to be further subdivided in to divisions and sections. The functional departments are
manufacturing department, administration and finance, and commercial department. The
organizational structure of the project is designed by including all the necessary personnel under
the right division.

Project Owner

General Environmental Unit

Executiv Manager
e

Manufacturing Administration and Commercial

Department Finance Department

Figure 1: organizational structure

4.8.2. Human Resource Requirement

For smooth and efficient operation of the project under study it has been anticipated that each
department will have adequate number of qualified and experienced manpower. The manpower
components of the project will include general manager, department heads, skilled, semi-skilled
and unskilled employees to be hired from local community of the town and the market. The total
manpower requirement for the existing company to operate on whole shift basis has been
estimated at 309 of which permanent skilled 211 and unskilled 50 and 48 unskilled temporary
basis workers for the company.

5. BASELINE INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT AREA

General Overview

Environment means surroundings, which are comprised by living things and physical conditions.
Pertaining baseline environmental conditions comprise bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural

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aspects. The study area comprises the project site and all surrounding areas that will be under
significant influence, i.e. where the environmental and social impacts of the factory can be felt
particularly the direct one that can be affected the project.

5.1. Physical Environment

5.1.1. Location
The proposed packaging materials manufacturing factory is to be located in Gelan Sub city, Gelan
wereda administration in Industrial zone area. Gelan sub city is one of the reforming cities of
Oromia found in Sheger City, 25 kilometers South East of Addis Ababa along the Addis Ababa to
Bishoftu transport route.
X coordinate Y Coordinate

473635.0475 980596.1232

473648.6774 980641.0039

473686.9375 980636.2273

473710.9282 980573.4203

5.1.2. Landscape and Topography

The topographic condition of the project site can be expressed based on qualitative and
quantitative values. The qualitative approach describes the project site’s relative topographic
feature with respect to the local topographic condition. With this respect, the project site is
categorized under the flat topography as per group field site observation. The project site
specifically is characterized by flat plain land with uniform slope appearing proportionally. This
type of land feature is important in minimizing the cost of land preparation.

5.1.3. Climate
The climate of the town is characterized by two distinct seasonal weather patterns. The main wet
season, locally known as Sumer, extends from June to September, contributing about 70% of the
total annual rainfall. A minor rainy season, locally known as winter, contributes moisture to the
region from mid-February to mid-April. The remaining months are dry season. The average
elevation in Gelan sub city lies 1900m above sea level, and hence has a fairly favorable climate and
moderate weather conditions. The highest temperature of the town is 29.3 co while the lowest is
7.1co which is the temperature of Semi temperate. The highest mean annual rainfall is 95mm and
the lowest mean annual rain fall is 48mm.

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5.1.4. Soil Types
From field observation, the soil and its layer around the project sites are identified as black cotton
soil types. The black cotton soil in the site is characterized with very hard and crack when dry, but
become sticky and high plasticity and high degree of swelling often when wet. The project site is
potentially good for the proposed project construction if recommendation for earthwork,
foundation design, and floor slab support are implemented attentively.

5.1.5. Hydrology
The main water source of the project is ground water through boreholes. As a result, there won’t
be a water problem in the area. The water table is close and the recharging rate is quite high.
According to the information obtained from the town administrator the main water supply for the
project is water pipeline prepared for the investment site.

5.2. Biological Environment

The long-standing annual crop cultivation, population pressure and sole dependence on bio-mass
fuel as the energy source; have severely depleted the flora and fauna resources of the area. Major
proportion of the land is covered by crops, while communal grazing grounds are also left at
intervals.

5.2.1. Flora and Fauna

The immediate impact zone of the project comprises mostly of manmade habitats and therefore
the floral diversity was found to be low. There is no natural forest and/or plant species occurring
on the proposed site area and no wildlife population found at or on the project site as the existing
land use is industrial zone.

5.3. Socio-Economic Conditions

5.3.1. Human Population and Settlement Pattern
As per the data of 2016, the Gelan sub city total population is estimated to be 114,027.Out of this,
56,010 (49.12%) male and 58,017 (50.88%) female. Children under 14 years estimated to be
29,190.9 (25.6%) while 14-64 age groups estimated to be 66,135.66 (58%). The remaining
18,700(16.4%) of the population are age group above 65. The human settlement, schools, clinic,
public or social services, private firms, infrastructures and facilities identified during scoping field
assessment but not affected by the project operation.

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5.3.2. Education
The participation rate of the Gelan Sub City population’s in different educational levels is greater
than the regional level. However, rapid population growth, which results in increasing the size of
the school age population, continuous challenging the government’s effort of meeting one of the
sustainable development goal. According to the town administration educational office, the town
has 13 Kindergarten, 16 primary schools, and 3 secondary schools. As per the observation and
consultation with the local Government it is recognized that there are no schools, near by the
project site. So, it obvious that the schools‟ children and school facilities are not being impacted
by the factory

5.3.3. Health Facilities

According to Gelan Sub City administration Health office has 3 health posts, 2 health centers, 1
private Hospital, 10 clinics, 6 pharmacies and 1 veterinary clinic. Based on the number of
population and health facilities the town has less facility when compared to other cities.

6. IDENTIFICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS

Overview

Any project done for any purpose has its own merit and demerit; accordingly this section identifies
and discusses both merit and demerit of the associated with the proposed project. The potential
impacts from the proposed project area are recognized and assessed based on the nature,
magnitude and advantage /or disadvantage of the various activities associated with the project,
the anticipated positive and negative impacts of the proposed project during construction,
operation and decommissioning phases

6.1 Positive Impacts

The envisaged project promotes the socio-economic goals and objectives stated in the strategic
plan of the Oromia National Regional State. At the same time, therefore, it helps diversify the
economic activity of the region. The other major benefits are listed as follows:

6.1.1 Employment and Income Generation

The proposed project is expected to create employment opportunity to several citizens of the
country. That is, it will provide permanent and temporary employment to 902workers and
support staff.

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6.1.2 Profit Generation
The project is found to be financially viable and earns profit within the project life. Such result
induces the project promoters to reinvest the profit which, therefore, increases the investment
magnitude in the region.

6.1.3 Tax Revenue

In the project life under consideration, the region will collect annual from tax payment. Such result
creates additional fund for the regional government that will be used in expanding social and other
basic services in the region.

6.1.4 Import Substitution and Foreign Exchange Saving

The analysis conducted revealed the presence of strong dependence on imported packaging
materials. Thus, with the introduction of this project a portion of the import burden will be
relieved. This will create room for the saved hard currency to be used in other vital and strategic
sectors.

6.1.5 Gender Equity and Employment Opportunities

Women efficiency in carrying out and handling assignment given to them is preferable for the
factory production processes. This gender specific opportunity will address the historical
disproportionate burden of unemployment on woman and the proposed project will consider
gender issues in its employment agenda.

6.2 Negative impacts

A project with the magnitude of the proposed manufacturing of aluminum based construction
materials products manufacturing is expected to have environmental impacts on certain aspects
of biophysical and socio-economic environment of the project area both during preconstruction,
construction, operation and decommissioning stages. The impacts of the project were assessed
and are generally grouped into those affecting soil, water resources, air quality, flora and fauna,
community and their economic activities, vegetation and forests, land acquisition and landscape,
noise and human health impacts of packaging materials/carton and printing manufacturing
project are indicated below.

6.2.1 Impacts during Pre-construction Phase

6.2.1.1 Loss of productive lands or natural habitants
During Pre-construction there will be essentially removal and loss of some, if not most, of the
existing trees and underlying grassland at the project site, and the permanent erection of block

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and steel concrete structures associated with site new infrastructure. This would constitute a loss
of alternative land use, an irreversible commitment of land resources, and thus a direct long-term
impact.

6.2.1.2 Impact due to Location of the Project

There are no residential houses in the demarcated areas of the project site so that there will not
be displacement of people at least in the short run. Similarly, the site has not any sensitive and
endangered species of flora and fauna cover. It does not have any biodiversity and have no
recognized wildlife habitat so that it does not have wildlife and floral conservation value. There
are also no historical relics, burial sites, cultural monuments and archeological sites that might be
damaged. In addition, scenic value or the appearances of land escape will not be impaired by the
project’s activity. Hence, the project pre-construction activity will not cause adverse impacts on
natural and social environments.
6.2.2 Impact during Construction Phase
The impacts on Air, Noise, Water, Soil, and Ecology of the surrounding environment due to the
activities carried out during the construction phase are discussed below.

6.2.2.1 Impact on landscape and land use pattern alteration

During preliminary works, some landscape and visual impact will occur due to increased traffic,
construction sites, presence of personnel and machinery, and constructing structures.
Construction works will cause partial alteration of usual views and landscape. Expected visual and
landscape changes will be slightly perceptible for local population as infrastructural objects and
construction site are apart from residential zones. Potential receptors of these changes could be
resident around the project area. Some construction impact may be seen from the road, though
considering distances it should not cause significant discomfort for passengers passing on the
road.

6.2.2.2 Impact on the soil

During the construction phase, in the project influence zone, the following impacts may have place
on the soil and ground fertile soil layer destruction/damage, disorganization of the stability; soil
contamination. During the project implementation, the fertile soil layer damage and
disorganization of the stability is mainly expected during the preparatory and construction works,
which will be related to the vehicle movement, land works and arrangement of permanent and
temporary infrastructure on the dam placement territories.

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6.2.2.3 Solid waste
Solid waste generated during site preparation and construction work would include cleared
vegetation and typical construction waste (e.g. wasted concrete, steel, wooden scaffolding and
forms, bags, waste earth materials, etc.). This waste would negatively impact the site and
surrounding environment if not properly managed and disposed of at an approved dumpsite.

6.2.2.4 Liquid waste

Construction phase requires large quantities of water to be used in various processing such as
material preparation in equipment’s. Change in quality of water forms an important concern
associated the project particularly during the construction phase. Earth works, crushing of stones,
cutting and modification of the terrain, alteration of drainage systems and soil erosion are the
major factors that affect the water quality during construction phase. Improper storage and
handling of fuel and oil would inevitably result in spillage during equipment refueling and
maintenance exercises. Spilt petrochemicals would have the potential to contaminate soil and
inhibit plant growth on the site.

6.2.2.5 Air Pollution

During the construction phase the ambient air quality in and around the proposed project site will
have marginal adverse impacts due to the various activities which are part of construction phase.
The various activities include during construction phase such as site preparation, approach roads,
excavation, drilling, foundation, tunneling, deployment of machinery, erection, transportation,
dumping will cause dust and gaseous emissions. Dust emissions from the construction activity will
affect the plant and animal respiration activity. Emissions such as PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 from D.G
sets and other vehicles may also cause respiration problem for the surrounding organisms. The
extent of the pollution will be about 2km form the project area. Due to the short duration of the
Planned Action, any impacts on ambient air quality during construction activities are expected to
be short term.

6.2.2.6 Flora and Fauna

Impact on flora on the construction phase may be direct (damage, loss) and indirect
(emission).The territories selected for arrangement of construction camp, water intake, diversion
pipeline are rare bushy plant areas. Only small amount of bushy and grass plants will be destroyed
during construction phase. Indirect impact (dust and exhaust impact) will be local, insignificant
and time-limited.

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6.2.2.7 Traffic accidents
At present, the technical condition of roads is satisfying. Road damage is expected due to intense
transport movement during construction phase. A small increase of traffic is expected on
construction phase, but considering that most likely there will be no delay on road, and as for
safety-related risks –they will insignificantly increase.

6.2.2.8 Health and safety hazards

During the construction activities some health and safety-related risks (for population and
personnel) are expected. Impacts could be direct (e.g.: accidents, power stroke, falling from
heights, injuries from construction machinery, etc.); and indirect (emissions, increased acoustic
background, climate change, contamination of water and soil). Social risks are also related to
health and safety, namely risk of infectious diseases’ spread (including AIDs and STDs). This risk
is related to migration of personnel during construction phases.

6.2.2.9 Impacts of Noise and Vibration

Foundation work will involve land excavation, affecting environment by noise. Structural work,
deployment of machinery, approach of road construction and erection of roads will result in noise
and vehicular traffic. Material handling and transportation would also lead to significant noise
pollution. Continuous Exposure of workers to high sound levels may result in annoyance, fatigue.
Even though annoying, this negative impact will be short-term (limited to the duration of the
construction works) and is not considered to be a significant threat to the health or wellbeing of
humans.

6.2.3 Impacts during Operation Phase

6.2.3.1 Emission of Air Pollutants
The potential impact on air quality and dust would mainly be from combustion of fuel in operation
processes. The operation of diesel generators would be only during the power interruption from
supply from the main source, when emissions due to combustion of fuel (High Speed Diesel) will
take place. The anticipated key air emissions from the project would be particulate matter, oxides
of nitrogen (NO2), (SO2) and Carbon monoxide (CO). Emission of PM 10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2 from D.G
set and Vehicular traffic and also dust emission from vehicular movement may pollute the ambient
air quality which in turn cause breathing problem to the patients and student and employees.

6.2.3.2 Generation of Solid Wastes

Some environmental impacts caused by waste generation would include soil contamination, water
and air pollution, whereas health risks include: breathing complications and respiratory diseases,
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cancer, skin disorders, poisoning etc. This type of waste poses risks to both human and
environmental health and thus the proposed project would require an adequate waste
management strategy, occupational health and safety strategy, and hazardous material safety
plan.

6.2.3.3 Surface and Ground Water Quality Degradation

Potential sources of impacts on hydrology and ground water quality during the operation phase
are as follows: Soil run-off from the site leading to off-site contamination- particularly during rainy
season: The excavated area, if linear, could act as a conduit to extend groundwater contamination
to new areas. Improper disposal of construction debris leading to offsite contamination of water
resources or blocking of drainages leading to flooding, spillage of oil and grease from the vehicles
and wastewater stream generated from onsite activities.

6.2.3.4. Increased Water Demand

During the construction phase, both the construction works and the construction workers will
create additional demand for water in addition to the existing local demand. Water will mostly be
used in the creation of concrete for construction works and for wetting surfaces or cleaning
completed structures. It will also be used by the construction workers for washing and drinking.

6.2.3.5. Energy Consumption

Fossil energy is non-renewable and its excessive use may have serious environmental implications
on its availability, price and sustainability. The proposed project will also use electricity supplied
by Ethiopian hydroelectric Power is generated mainly through natural resources, namely, water
and geothermal resources. In this regard, there will be need to use electricity sparingly since high
consumption of electricity negatively impacts on these natural resources and their sustainability.

6.2.3.6. Workers Accidents and Public Safety (OHS Risks)

During operation of the proposed project, safety risks can arise from manufacturing activities such
as operation and movement of heavy equipment and vehicles; injuries from falling objects; and
injuries from hand tools. Safety issues associated with production activities involve improper
handling, storing and disposing of fuels, oils, lubricants and chemicals as well as accidents
occurring with the operation of moving equipment. A significant amount of pollutants can be
subsequently introduced to the environment. While the magnitude of this impact is difficult to
quantify, they can be divided into two categories, those confined with on-site and off-site workers,

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as occupational hazards, and those expanding to affect the general population, as a consequence
of environmental pollution.

On the other hand, occupational health hazards can vary from site to site according to the
technologies and adopted methods. However, the project activities could prove harmful to human
health with the lack of proper measures.

6.2.3.7. Exposure to Noise and vibration

Noise pollution is caused due to the various activities which involves the vehicular movement.
Offsite operations can be significant sources of noise pollution with potential impacts on workers
and nearby residents. The noise emissions are functions of the circulation of the vehicles, use of
generators for energy supply, excavators, skidders, the loading and transportation of products.
Noise that may be generated from the transport of raw material is negligible and is not anticipated
to significantly affect human amenity especially if adequate noise reduction/suppression
measures are undertaken.

6.2.3.8. Impact due to Land Traffic

During operation, the facility will result in significant impacts on the traffic flow along the roads
leading from the sites of operations as well as the main site to the Addis Ababa where the main
market are found. In addition, traffic impacts are expected along secondary and tertiary roads,
depending on the location of off-site activities and routings as the project requires the use of trucks
and heavy equipment almost on a daily basis for different purposes. This will lead to an increase
in the transportation fleet over time, as well as the use of the road network.

7. POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL & SOCIAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION

MEASURES

This section describes the environmental mitigation measures during construction, operation and
demolition phase of the proposed project. Mitigation is the implementation of measures designed
to reduce the undesirable effects of a proposed project on the environment. The companies and
also as an individual’s all have an important role to play in protecting the environment, which is
very sensitive to change and once damaged can take a long time to recover.

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7.1 Mitigation Measures during Pre-construction Phase

7.1.1 Mitigation for Loss of productive lands or natural habitants

Landscaping of the site, after building completion, will see the introduction of plants and trees that
should offset any negative impacts associated with the removal and loss of existing trees at the
project site. The numbers and types of vegetation to be introduced during the landscaping exercise
are expected to be greater and more diverse than presently obtains and these are expected to play
a greater role in terms adding ecological value and attracting birds and other terrestrial fauna
during the operational phase of the project, apart from being more pleasing aesthetically.

7.1.2 Mitigation for Location of the Project

Since there is no any adverse impact of the project due to the location of the project, the mitigation
measures of this impact is not necessary.

7.2. Mitigation Measures during Construction Phase

7.2.1. Mitigation for Landscape and Land Use Pattern Alteration

Landscaping and replanting of trees will be carried out to enhance the ecology and appearance of
the site. In addition to enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the project site, landscaping provides the
means for partially restoring the site's natural elements and ecological habitats. Restoration of
trees in other degraded areas outside the project site in collaboration with the local community
and soil removed from the construction site will be distributed over the project land. The
landscaping plan should seek to avoid the use of non-native and potentially invasive species.

7.2.2. Mitigation for Soil impacts

The following measures must be ensured by the factory, in order to prevent pollution of soil on
Construction phase. The soil will be collected separately and preserved in stacks with side slopes
not exceeding 1:5. The topsoil will be preserved separately in a stack covered by sheet and efforts
will be made to reinstate the soil for backfilling purposes. Topsoil will be reused for landscaping
purposes. The spillage of oil from the machinery or cement residue from concrete mixer plants
might contaminate the soil if not properly collected and disposed of. Thus most stringent safety
and construction management norm will be implemented at site. Waste management plan
provides the systematic supervision of fulfilling the measures.

7.2.3. Mitigation for Solid Waste

A site waste management plan should be prepared by the contractor prior to commencement of
building. This should include the designation of appropriate waste storage areas, collection and
ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 30
removal schedule, identification of approved disposal site, and a system for supervision and
monitoring. Preparation and implementation of the plan must be made the responsibility of the
building contractor with the system being monitored independently. Special attention should be
given to minimizing and reducing the quantities of solid waste produced during site preparation
and construction. To reduce organic waste, softer vegetation may be composted onsite and used
for soil amendment during landscaping. Most of the construction materials like soil, bricks,
concrete will be reused in the backfilling, road construction, and sub-grade reparation etc. works.
Metals, word scraps & bitumen junks will be recycled either within site or outside with help of the
local authority. The measures like reusing materials on-site and /or donating /selling salvaged
items reduces waste, virgin material use and disposal cost.

7.2.4. Mitigation for Liquid Waste

Mitigation measures must be implemented to minimize impact on water pollution during
construction. Pit latrines and community toilets with temporary soak pits and septic tanks shall
be constructed on the site during construction phase to prevent wastewater from entering the
ground water or surrounding water bodies. Surface and ground water to prevent contamination
by oil/grease, leak proof containers shall be used for storage and transportation of oil/grease.
Excavation can be avoided during rainy season and check dams shall be provided to prevent
construction runoff from the site to the surrounding water bodies.

7.2.5. Mitigation for Air Pollution

All machineries to be used for construction purpose will be of highest standard of reputed make
and compliance of air pollution control norms by these equipment’s will be emphasized by
company. The working area for the uprooting of shrubs or vegetation or for the removal of
boulders or temporary or permanent structures shall be sprayed with water immediately before,
during and immediately after the operation so as to maintain the entire surface wet. Feasibility of
putting up acoustic enclosure / temporary barrier around areas with high noise levels will also be
explored.

Transport vehicles and construction machineries will be properly maintained to reduce air
emissions and machinery’s will be periodically checked for pollutant emissions against stipulated
norms.

7.2.6. Mitigation for Flora and Fauna

Mitigation measures must be conducted in order to minimize impact on flora and fauna namely
cutting of trees-plants must be carried out by supervision of authorized government bodies;
ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 31
instruction of personnel about protecting of vegetation cover before commencement of works;
and planting of local species trees-plants at the adjacent territory of the project to be implemented.

7.2.7. Mitigation for Traffic Accidents

In order to minimize impact following mitigation measures must be implemented. All the damaged
road objects must be rehabilitated after completion of works and it should be restored to their
initial condition; ensure maximum limitation of machinery movement on public roads; ensure
minimal disturbance of the population/passenger movement during road
rehabilitation/construction; and selection of optimal bypass road to construction site. Population
will be informed about time and period of civil works execution; and registering of
discontent/complaints if any and proper response.

7.2.8. Mitigation for Health and Safety Hazards

At the project site proper drinking water, sanitation and first aid facility will be provided with
trained shift supervisors, which will ensure minimum adverse occupational health impacts on the
construction worker. Instruction of personnel on health and safety issues during acceptance on
the job and later, several times a year; corresponding warning, prohibiting and directing sign-
boards must be arranged at the construction areas for personnel and local population, for health
and safety purpose; and standard medical kits must be delivered to construction sites at sections,
potentially dangerous for health and safety. Maximal implementation of safety rules during
execution of transport operations; and regular on-site risk assessment should be conducted in
order to determine risk factors for population and to develop corresponding risk management
plan. Personnel medical insurance must also be provided.

7.2.9. Mitigation for Noise and Vibration Impacts

Construction activities that will generate disturbing sounds should be restricted to normal
working hours. Workers operating equipment that generates noise should be equipped with noise
protection gear. Workers operating equipment generating noise levels greater than 70 dBA
continuously for 8 hours or more should use earmuffs. Workers experiencing prolonged noise
levels of 70 – 80 dBA should wear earplugs. The construction activities will be restricted to the
daytime and no construction will be practiced during night. To reduce the impact of air and noise
pollution and to provide a clean, healthy environment, it has been proposed to create and maintain
a green belt within the building complex and along the roadsides

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 32

7.3. Mitigation Measures during Operation Phase
7.3.1. Mitigation for Air pollution
The proponent should use advanced air emissions control technology to combat emissions during
aluminum products manufacturing as aluminum industries emit huge amount air emissions. Dry
scrubber, wet scrubber, electrostatic precipitate, cyclone or combination of them can be used to
control air emissions.

Using clean fuel and proper maintenance of the vehicles will also minimize the NO 2, SO2 from the
exhaust of the vehicles. Location of DG sets and other emission generating equipment should be
decided keeping in view the predominant wind direction so that emissions do not effect nearby
residential areas. Using low Sulphur diesel will minimize the emissions from D.G set. Informatory
sign shall be provided to encourage vehicle owners to maintain their vehicle and follow the
emission standards fixed by Government Authorities. Development of adequate green belt at and
around the project site will help in reducing the impacts on the flora and fauna as the plant species
will act as air emissions sink. Thus, the impact on the terrestrial ecology of the area would be
minimized during the operational phase of the project

7.3.2. Mitigation for Solid Waste pollution

Integrated solid waste management should be used to manage solid wastes generated from the
plant. Proper solid waste storage containers should be provided in sufficient numbers.
Arrangements should be made for the regular collection of waste and for its disposal only at the
dump site/s. Ensuring proper management of waste by engaging a consultant to come up with
measures and guidelines in accordance with the healthcare waste management plan.

7.3.3. Mitigation for Wastewater Pollution

As the manufacturing company is Aluminum based construction materials products’
manufacturing it is highly water demanding project for cooling and washing purposes in addition
to drinking and domestic sanitation. The primary sources of potential impacts on water quality
will be from pollutants such as wastewater, oil and fuel products and chemical storage facilities in
site runoff water which enters surface water.

The domestic wastewater resulting from the administrative building and workers facilities should
be collected in a separate septic tank. Once the collection tank reaches its full capacity, it should
be transferred to a planned wastewater treatment stations (if available) or to a wastewater
disposal site approved by the EPA.

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 33

Water used in vehicle and plant servicing areas, vehicle wash bays and lubrication bays such as oil
and fuel products should be collected and connected to the drainage system via an oil/grease trap.
Washing water generated from the action of vehicles washing should be conveyed to a local
network or to a septic tank or can be biologically treated in a constructed wetland or other
filtration system.

The industrial wastewater treatment plant purifies the wastewater generated from production
processes while consuming large quantities of energy and water for production processes during
steel manufacturing that burdens the environment. As the environmental impact from industrial
wastewater treatment is hard to evaluate using only one of these parameters, several appropriate
parameters shall be selected to meet the local conditions. Hence, the promoter should construct
ETP to treat industrial wastewater.

7.3.5. Mitigation for Occupational Health and Safety

Limiting the risk of injury at the sites of operation mainly lies in promoting awareness and good
management practices among workers at the main site, especially when it comes to machine
operation and chemicals handling, which has serious adverse impacts on those directly exposed
to especially during storage, application and disposal.

The recommended mitigation measures to be adopted at the main site include restricting
unattended public access by proper fencing; using adequate safety barrier and signs; Proper
labeling storage of chemicals, oils and fuel; Promote safety education through training about the
fundamentals of occupational health and safety procedures; Provide appropriate personal
protective equipment such as gloves, masks, ear plugs, gas detectors, brightly colored working
overalls equipped with light reflecting stripes, safety boots, safety helmets, etc.; provide fire
extinguishers at different locations of the operational site and develop and emergency response
plan in case of fire explosion; Provision of electrical grounding, spark detection and prevention;
and elimination of external ignition sources; and to prevent fire risks equip with fire extinguishers
of a quantity and type suitable for the expected fire risk, in an accessible location close to the store
and communicate to the main office or emergency system is recommended.

7.3.6. Mitigation for Exposure to Noise and vibration

In order to minimize the noise and vibration distribution levels during the operational phase of
the factory, implementation of the following mitigation measures are expedient. Operators of
noisy equipment and noisy facilities must use earplugs or other war protection equipment such

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 34

as ear muffs in order to reduce the impact of high noise levels on them; technical functionality of
the machinery-equipment; insuring personnel with protection means (earmuffs); staff instruction
before starting the works and once every 6 months; proper maintenance of vehicles and record
keeping on the same will reduce noise levels; the noise produced by the D.G sets can be minimized
by providing proper acoustic enclosures and isolating the D.G set will ensure minimum noise at
the receiver’s end; noise for the site should not reach objectionable levels, and whenever possible,
noisy operations within the facility premises should be enclosed. In case of grievance entry, their
recording/registration and appropriate action should be crucial.

7.3.7. Mitigation for Land Traffic

During operations, environmental impacts associated with transport of raw material, final
products, and other aspects necessary for the operation of the entire facility, will be controlled by
good vehicle maintenance and housekeeping, adherence to permitted routes, observation of
highway restrictions and maintaining responsible driving practices.

7.3.8. Mitigation for utilities impact

The large energy requirements of the industrial sector also provide us with an opportunity to
reduce the overall environmental costs of energy production across the state. By increasing
overall energy efficiency and use of renewable energy and incorporating green belt and green
transportation technologies, it can be a model for energy smart industrial development. It is to be
ensured that the project’s energy-related systems are installed, and calibrated to perform
according to the industry specific requirements, basis of design and construction documents.

In order to conserve water, recycling and reusing waste waters, installing water-conserving
automatic taps and toilets should be used. Moreover, any water leaks through damaged pipes and
faulty taps will be fixed promptly by qualified staff. In addition, the proponent will be sensitized
to use water efficiently by reducing water delivery in taps, installation of low flow devices or
aerators on taps and Install water efficient plumbing. Press action taps and flush valves shall be
used to minimize water wastage Sensors on urinals, which ensure flushes, occur only when
required in public areas of the proposed project.

7.4. Training
Training shall be provided in the Factor’s policy and practices for both employee and other
external stakeholder grievance mechanisms, relevant to their exposure and responsibilities for
managers, all other employees, contractors and visitors, which shall include as a minimum:

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 35

 • Expected behaviors and accepted practices when interacting with employees and
stakeholders in order to avoid a grievance in the first instance;
• Routes available for employees and other external stakeholders to lodge a grievance; and
• Roles and responsibilities for handling and resolving grievances

The factory training program helps to acquire better theoretical knowledge and practical skills as
trainee are aided by practical works in the manufacturing process. Hence, training is believed to
bring efficient implementation of the company manufacturing activities and also the skills of
trainee of the area as it is least developed. To this effect, to realize its objectives, the factory has
planned to provide both on job and off job training. It believes that it is through training and
continues skill development that it is possible to enhance employee contributions to factory’s
business profitability and to raise its competence level.

8. Environment Management and Monitoring Plan

8.1 Environment Management Plan (EMP)
The EMP need to be integrated in overall project planning process covering all phases of project
cycles i.e., location, design, construction and operation. Management by provision of necessary
safeguard in planning of the project itself can lead to reduction of adverse environmental impacts
due to project. This chapter spells out the set of measures to be undertaken during project
construction and operation to reduce or mitigate or bring down the adverse environmental
impacts to acceptable level based on the proposed Environmental Management Plan.

The most reliable way to ensure that the plan will be integrated into the overall project planning
and implementation is to include the plan as an integral component of the project. This will ensure
that it receives funding and supervision along with other investment components. For optimal
integration of EMP into the project, there should be link for Funding; Management, Training and
Monitoring.

The purpose of the first link is to ensure that proposed actions are adequately financed. The
second link helps in embedding training, technical assistance, staffing and other institutional
strengthening items in the mitigation measures to implement the overall management plan. The
third provides a critical path for implementation and enables sponsors and the funding agency to
evaluate the success of mitigation measures, as part of project supervision and as a means to
improve future projects. For every use discussed in the above sections, the implementing agency
as well as staffing, equipment, phasing and budgeting have been presented as far as possible. All

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 36

required funds will be channeled through the project authority. All developmental activities will
bring some impacts associated with its origin, which can be broadly classified as reversible,
irreversible, long and short-term impacts. In this section an endeavor has been made to identify
various Environmental Impacts associated with the proposed project both during construction
and operational phase.

Based on the possible worst-case emissions and waste generation from the proposed project and
also taking into consideration the baseline Environmental status at the proposed project site, the
environmental factors that may likely be affected (Impacts) are assessed. Both instrumental
(positive) and detrimental (negative) impacts are accounted for this purpose. The prediction of
impacts helps in the preparing a sound Environmental Management Plan which has to be executed
during operational and construction phase to minimize the adverse impacts on the environmental
quality.

The potential impacts on the environment from the proposed project are identified based on the
nature of the various activities associated not only with the project implementation and operation,
but also on the current status of the environmental quality at the project site. The tables below
comprise the impacts predicted, proposed mitigation measures, responsible body for the
mitigation measures and the estimated cost of mitigation measures (where applicable) as a result
of project location, design, construction and operation.

ESIA For METAL MELTING Products Manufacturing Plant Page 37

Table 5: Environmental Management Plan at Construction Phase
Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Estimates
Stage (Birr)
Activity Impacts Responsibilities

Site clearing,  Restoring the site's natural elements and ecological

Construction

excavation activities, Landscape habitats. Contractor 20,000.00

disturbance of land and Land Use  Landscaping
Pattern
Phase

surface & construction  replanting of trees

of the factory Alteration  Avoid the use of non-native & invasive species.
Site clearing,  Preserve topsoil separately in a stack covered by
Construction

excavation activities, sheet.

disturbance of land Soil impacts  Reuse topsoil for landscaping purposes. Contractor 10,000.00
surface & construction  Training of the personnel on environmental &
of the factory safety issues

Site clearing,  Prepare site waste management plan

excavation activities,  Reuse the construction materials.
disturbance of land Solid Waste  Avoid burning of vegetation and combustible waste Contractor 20,000.00
surface & construction on the site.
of the factory  Unusable construction waste must be disposed of at
an approved dumpsite.
Construction

 Properly managed and controlled the stockpiling of

construction materials.
 properly stored hazardous chemicals
 post conspicuous warning signs
Site clearing,  Construct pit latrines and community toilets
 Controlled withdrawal of groundwater during
Construction

excavation activities, construction.

disturbance of land  Avoid excavation during rainy season.
surface & construction Liquid Waste Contractor 20,000.00
 Proper waste management in order to avoid water
of the plant pollution;

38
 Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Estimates
Stage (Birr)
Activity Impacts Responsibilities
Site clearing,  Sprinkle with Water around dust generation areas.
excavation activities,  kept the road clear of dusty materials;
disturbance of land Air Pollution  properly maintain transport vehicles and
Construction

surface & construction construction equipment’s/machineries;

Contractor 20,000.00
of the factory  Periodically checked equipment’s for pollutant
emissions.
 Wash vehicles to remove any dusty materials.
Site clearing,  Cutting of trees-plants must be carried out by
excavation activities, supervision of authorized government bodies.
disturbance of land  Planting of local species trees
surface & construction  Implement measures in order to reduce dust
of the factory during execution of the works;
Construction

 Instruction of personnel about protecting of Contractor 15,000.00

vegetation cover
Flora, &Fauna  Pits, trenches and other must be protected to
prevent fall of animals.
 Ensure maximum limitation of machinery
movement on public roads;
Site clearing, Traffic  Population will be informed about time and period
excavation activities, Accidents of civil works execution;
disturbance of land Contractor 20,000.00
 Ensure maximum limitation of machinery
surface & construction movement on public roads;
of the factory  Population will be informed about time and period
of civil works execution;
 Road rehabilitation during preparatory works
Construction

 Selection of optimal bypass road to construction

site;
 Registering of discontent/complaints if any and
proper response

39
 Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost Estimates
Stage (Birr)
Activity Impacts Responsibilities
 Construction related activities will be confined only
to project site area,
Site clearing,  Provide proper drinking water, sanitation and first
excavation activities, aid
 Instruction of personnel on health and safety issues
disturbance of land
Health and  Arrange warning, prohibiting and directing sign-
surface & construction
Construction

Safety boards
of the factory
Hazards  Deliver standard medical kits Contractor 20,000.00
 Maximal implementation of safety rules during
execution of transport operations;
 Personnel medical insurance;
Table 6: Environmental Management Plan of at Operation Phase
Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost
Stage Estimates
Activity Impacts Responsibilities (Birr)

Production of  Utilize advanced air emission Abate Technologies

Aluminum based  Use of Clean fuel and proper maintenance of the
Operational construction Emissions to vehicles Project 35,000.00
materials products air & dust  Development of Green belt with specific species proponent
manufacturing  keep DG sets and other emission generating
equipment in view the predominant wind direction

Production of Solid Waste  Ensure proper waste management practices. Project

Aluminum based pollution  Ensure proper management of waste in accordance proponent
Operational construction with the healthcare waste management plan. 25,000.00
materials products
manufacturing

40
 Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost
Stage Estimates
Activity Impacts Responsibilities (Birr)

 Construct ETP for industrial wastewater

 Prevent the contact of rain water with the steels.
Operational Production of Water  Collect domestic wastewater in a separate septic
Aluminum based Pollution tank.
construction  Collected and connected water used in vehicle and
materials products plant servicing areas, to the drainage system via an
manufacturing oil/grease trap.
 Spent oil and lubricants should be collected and Project 30,000.00
stored for recycling or proper disposal. proponent
 Control the impacts on water resources through
appropriate design and site management practices.
 Avoid pollutants such as oil and fuel products in site
runoff water which enters surface water.

 Proper labeling storage of chemicals, oils and fuel;

 Promote safety education through training about the
fundamentals of occupational health and safety Project 35,000.00
procedures. proponent
Production of
 Provide appropriate personal protective equipment
Aluminum based
Operational construction Health and  Restrict unattended public access by proper fencing;
Safety  Use adequate safety barrier and signs;
materials products
 Provide fire extinguishers at different locations
manufacturing
 Enhance ventilation in enclosed areas;
 Implementing of speed limits for vehicles entering
and exiting the site

41
 Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost
Stage Estimates
Activity Impacts Responsibilities (Birr)

 Selection of equipment with low sound power level;

 Well-maintained mechanical equipment should be
operated on-site; Project 25,000.00
 Equipment that may be intermittent in use should proponent
Operational Production of Exposure to
be shut down between work periods or should be
Aluminum based Noise
controlled to minimum;
construction
 Installing suitable muffles on engine exhausts and
materials products
compressor components;
manufacturing
 Technical functionality of the machinery-
equipment;
 Provide PPE for workers
 “Noisy” works only in daytime;
 Insuring personnel with protection means
(earmuffs);
 Staff instruction before starting the works and once
every 6 months;
 In case of grievance entry, their
recording/registration and appropriate action;

 equip the site’s facilities with basic firefighting

equipment,
Operational Production of Fire Risk  assigning a team for fire watching, and
Aluminum based  providing emergency numbers at several locations
construction  Store flammable liquids in safe storage areas
materials products  Remove dried vegetation around and within the Project 30,000.00
manufacturing site. proponent
 Assure that exhausts of vehicles within the site are
not hot enough to induce fires by frequent
maintenance and inspection of vehicles.
 Prohibiting smoking in the areas that are
designated with risks of fire occurring.

42
 Project Project Adverse Proposed Mitigation Measures Institutional Cost
Stage Estimates
Activity Impacts Responsibilities (Birr)

Operational Production of  Traffic control measures should be applied to site

Aluminum based operations from the point of collection to the point
construction Land Traffic of return. Project 15,000.00
materials products  apply speed restrictions proponent
manufacturing
Operational Production of  Use renewable energy
Aluminum based  Reduce Auxiliary power consumption to conserve
construction Energy. Project 20,000.00
materials products  Reduce water delivery in taps, through the proponent
utilities
manufacturing installation of low flow devices or aerators on taps
impact
 Press action taps and flush valves shall be used to
minimize water wastage Sensors on urinals, which
ensure flushes, occur only when required in public
areas of the proposed project; and
 Install water efficient plumbing.
Total 360,000.00

The impact assessment should consider each phase of the development, including:

 Construction: this includes all potential changes that occur on site from the initial point of access;

 Operation: this encompasses all phases of the site development once operational; and

 Decommissioning: this includes any permanent changes that are made to the site following cessation of the industrial
activity.

43
 8.2 Environmental Monitoring Plan
An environmental monitoring plan provides feedback about the difference between actual
environmental scenario and the impacts of the project on the environment and helps to judge the
adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment. The purpose of environmental
monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of Environmental Management Plan
(EMP) by periodically monitoring the important environmental parameters within the impact area,
so that any adverse effects are detected and timely action can be taken.

The environmental monitoring plan for the proposed project has been developed in view of the
institutional, scientific and fiscal issues pertaining to the project. For each component, suitable
measurable environmental indicators which are appropriate to the impact mechanism and scale of
disturbance and have a low natural variability, broad applicability and an existing data series have
been defined. Environmental monitoring is carried throughout project operation to detect changes
in the key environmental quality parameters, which can be attributed to the project.

For each of the environmental components, the monitoring plan specifies the parameters to be
monitored; location of monitoring sites; frequency and duration of monitoring. The monitoring plan
also specifies the applicable standards, implementation and supervising responsibilities. Various
physical, biological and social components identified as of particular significance in affecting the
environment at critical locations in various stages of the project have been suggested as Performance
Indicators (PIs) listed below shall be the focus for monitoring air quality with respect to PM 10, PM2.5
and CO; water quality with respect to COD, BOD and Coliform count; noise levels around sensitive
locations; and replantation success / survival rate.

As per the EIA guidelines of Oromia Region, environmental monitoring shall be required during
construction and operational phases. The schedule for monitoring ambient air quality, ambient noise
quality, ground water quality, and waste water quality both during the construction and operation
phases of the project is given in table.

44
 Table 7: Environmental Monitoring Plan at construction & operational Phases
Project Object of Mitigation Measure Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibil Cost
Monitori to be ity
Stage ng Monitored

 Sprinkle water during

drilling, excavation, Particulate  Constructi  Instrumental Contractor
loading. matter in on sites; measuring  During Proponent 30,000.00
 Regular maintenance of the air,  Constructi  Visual control construction EFCCA
vehicle on site  Technical works
 Use covered trucks for access inspection of  During
transportation. roads; machinery operation
Construction & operational Phase

 kept the road clear of  Operation works

dusty materials; site
Air and dust impacts

 properly maintain  Nearest ;

transport vehicles and receptor
construction area
equipment’s/machinerie
s;
 Periodically checked
equipment’s for
pollutant emissions.
 Wash vehicles to remove
any dusty materials.
 Minimize emissions from
D.G sets and vehicles

45
Project Object of Mitigation Measure Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibil Cost
Monitori to be ity
Stage ng Monitored

 Restrict construction  Instrumental  Technical

activities to normal  Constructi measuring; inspection of Contractor
working hours. Noise level on sites  Control machinery - Proponent
Noise and Vibration

 Equip workers operating  Nearest conditions of before works EFCCA

operational Phase

equipment with PPE receptor buildings  Regular control

Construction &

 create and maintain a (populate  Technical – periodical 30,000.00

green belt within the d area) inspection of measurement
building complex and  Operation machinery; or in case of
Impacts

along the roadsides site complaints.

 Preserve topsoil  Constructi  Regular

separately in a stack on sites; control,  Regular
covered by sheet.  Operation supervision inspection;  Propon
operational Phase

 Reuse topsoil for site  Technical  Inspection after ent

soil acidity,  EFCCA 25,000.00
Construction &

landscaping purposes.  Material inspection of completion of

 machinery works.
Soil impacts

Training of the Soil and waste

personnel on pollution storage  Lab control
environmental & safety pH areas
issues

46
Project Object of Mitigation Measure Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibil Cost
Monitori to be ity
Stage ng Monitored

 construct septic tank  BOD5,  Constructi  Visual control

Construction & operational Phase

 construct ETP (If  COD, on camps;  Technical  During

needed)  SS,  At sections inspection of preparation of  Propon
 Avoid excavation during  settabl adjacent to machinery construction ent
 EFCCA 25,000.00
rainy season. e surface  Waste water sites
Liquid waste

 Construct pit latrines solids, water (at management  Regular

and community toilets  pH water Control. inspection;
 Controlled withdrawal of  Temp0 intake,  Lab control
groundwater during C, roads)
construction.  TDS,  Operation
 Proper waste  heavy site
management in order to metals
avoid water pollution;

 Prepare site waste Volume  Periodically,

management plan and types  Constructi  Visual control especially in  Propon
 Reuse the construction of solid on site of the windy weather ent
 Avoid burning of wastes and/or its territory  During
adjacent 25,000.00

Construction & operational Phase

vegetation and Solid Waste transportation

combustible waste on territory; management / storage of
the site.  Solid control solid waste;
 Unusable construction Waste
Solid waste

waste must be disposed storage

of at an approved areas
dumpsite
 Properly managed and
controlled the
stockpiling of
construction materials.
 properly stored
hazardous chemicals
 post conspicuous
warning
 signs

47
Project Object of Mitigation Measure Parameters Location Measurements Frequency Responsibil Cost
Monitori to be ity
Stage ng Monitored

 Provide proper drinking  Inspection

water, sanitation and Periodical  Regular control  Propon
first aid  Constructi control of during works ent
Construction & operational Phase

 Instruction of personnel Health and on sites/ availability  EFCCA

Safety areas 20,000.00
on health and safety and  LSA
Occupational safety

issues  Operation functionality Office

 Arrange warning, sign- al area of personal
boards; protection
 Deliver standard medical equipment
kits
 Maximal implementation
of safety rules during
execution of transport
operations;
 Personnel medical
insurance;

Total 155,000.00

The impact assessment should consider each phase of the development, including:

 Construction: this includes all potential changes that occur on site from the initial point of access;

 Operation: this encompasses all phases of the site development once operational; and

 Decommissioning: this includes any permanent changes that are made to the site following cessation of the industrial
activity.

48
9. Environmental auditing plan and Program

The proponent will propose an independent and objective examination based on checklist
monitoring and auditing system to whether practices complies with the expected standards set at
environmental mitigation output or not. Broadly, kind of testing and verification of the actual and
predicted impacts will be done for the purpose of assessing the accuracy of predictions and the
effectiveness of impact management practices and procedures.

This will be used for considering an alternative optimizing/mitigation measures to the assessed
and identified project impacts; and how an assessment and impact management process will be
operating. The promoter will propose monitoring, auditing and subsequent feedback, to build a
continuous revision of the mitigation measure for impacts at different processes of the project.

Therefore, to take correction, the proponent has planned to examine the accuracy and efficiency of
impact predictions and mitigation measure proposed in the EIA, i.e. testing how accurate the
environmental impact predictions and how much the mitigation is effective as comparing them
with actual monitored impacts once the project is underway. Each environmental audit shall be
geared towards achieving and examining compliance with regulatory requirements; identifying
current and potential environmental problems; examining the line management systems, plant
operation, monitoring practices and data, procedures and plans; checking the prediction of the
environmental evaluation assessment and ensure that its recommendations are being
implemented and recommending areas of improvement in operations management.

The company’s internal environmental Audits will follow its quality environmental and monitoring
management plan based on developing checklists. The company will conduct internal
environmental audit once in a year.

ESIA For steel fabrication Products Manufacturing project Page 49

10. Conclusion and Recommendation
This chapter presents the key findings and recommendations from the ESIA process based on the
specialist studies and on the environmental suitability of the project and whether the project
should receive environmental authorization.

10.1. Conclusion
The essence of ESIA process is aimed at ensuring informed decision-making and environmental
accountability, and to assist in achieving environmentally sound and sustainable development.
Therefore, negative impacts on the environment and on people’s environmental rights should be
anticipated and prevented, and where they cannot be altogether prevented, they must be
minimized and remedied in terms of “reasonable measures”. “Reasonable measures” implies that
“every person who causes, has caused or may cause significant pollution or degradation of the
environment must take reasonable measures to prevent such pollution or degradation from
occurring, continuing or recurring, or, in so far as such harm to the environment is authorized by
law or cannot reasonably be avoided or stopped, to minimize and rectify such pollution or
degradation of the environment”.

It is acknowledged that any development will impact on the environment. The proposed project
will have impacts on the biophysical and the social environment. This ESIA investigated and
assessed these impacts as a result of project actions. A key positive impact pertains to the regional
and national economic benefits associated with increased export of aluminum based construction
materials products manufacturing to neighbor countries and local procurement of goods and
services along the supply chain as well as the generation of foreign revenue from export. These
benefits would be experienced at a national and provincial level. The “no-go” or “do nothing”
alternative for the project would have negative implications for the economy through direct loss of
foreign exchange generation and indirect impacts on the supply chain.

The conclusions of this ESIA are the result of specialist assessments, based on issues identified
within the ESIA study. The evaluation of the impacts indicated that the identified adverse impacts
can be minimized with the implementation of the proposed mitigation measures and appropriate
environmental management system. The study, therefore, forwarded technical and landscape
mitigation measures that potentially help to reduce and/or avoid the negative impacts and fosters
the positive ones. Environmental management plan have been presented along with the mitigation
measures.

ESIA For steel fabrication Products Manufacturing project Page 50

10.2. Recommendations
This ESIA has been conducted based on the best and latest available information during the course
of the study. The report has been prepared in full compliance with the requirements of the
environmental regulations and laws and has provided information on the nature and extent of all
possible environmental impacts arising from the construction and operation phases of the
proposed Metal melting andproducts manufacturing plant project.

Overall, based on the findings of this ESIA, it is concluded that, with planned mitigation and the
implementation of best practices to avoid or minimize adverse environmental impacts, the
environmental impacts during all phases are not rated significant, except in the event of certain
worst-cases, for which some environmental impacts could be significant but are highly unlikely to
occur. This report has also clearly demonstrated general acceptability of the residual impacts and
thus the environmentally sensitive receptors in the vicinity of the new project would be successfully
protected.

Thus, it is recommended that the proposed Metal melting and products manufacturing plantproject
to be approved on the basis that the project proponent will continuously adhere to the requirement
of the environmental guidelines, employing mitigation measures to ensure compliance with
statutory requirements and recommended criteria.

ESIA For steel fabrication Products Manufacturing project Page 51

 11. References

1. Se’id Demxo (Metal melting andProducts Manufacturing Factory), project proposals, Oromia
regional State, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
2. Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Proclamation No. 1/1995.Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
3. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1996), Conservation Strategy of Ethiopia, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
4. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (1997), Environmental Policy of Ethiopia: Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia.
5. Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) (2000), Guideline Document: Environmental
Assessment and Management; EPA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. (2002), Environmental Pollution Control
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 300/2002, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
7. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (2002), Environmental Impact Assessment
Proclamation. Proclamation No. 299/2002. Addis Ababa.
8. FDRE EPA, 2003. Guideline for reviewing environmental impact study reports (final drafts),
Addis Ababa.
9. MEDAC/EPA (1997). The conservation strategies of Ethiopia, Vlume1. The resource base, its
utilization and planning for sustainability, Addis Ababa

10. Appendices

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