Chemical reaction and equations
Class 10
By Deepak sir
Physical changes :
• A physical change is a change in physical properties of a substance is
such as change in shape , size , color or state
• Example : Breaking a glass
Chemical changes
• When two substance react with each other chemically and produce
new product is called chemical changes
• Formation of curd from milk
• Digestion of food in our body
• Process of respiration
• Rusting of iron
Chemical reaction
• Chemical reaction or the processes in which new substance with new
properties are formed
• During chemical reactions atoms of one element do not change into
those of another element. Only a rearrangement of atoms takes place
in a chemical reaction
Reactants and products
• The Substance which takes part in chemical reaction are called
reactants
• The new substance produced as a result of chemical reaction are
called products
Characteristics of chemical reactions
• Evolution of gas
• Formation of a precipitate
• Change in color
• Change in temperature
• Change in state
Evolution of gases
• Zinc and dilute sulphuric acid is
characterized by the evolution of hydrogen
Evolution of gas
• Sodium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid is characterized by the
evolution carbon dioxide gas
Formation of precipitates (ppt)
Potassium iodide and lead nitrate produce yellow color precipitate of lead iodide
ppt is A substance with settled down after the reaction in solid form. If there is formation of equity it will be sign
that reaction occurred
Change in colour
• Citric acid and purple coloured potassium permanganate solution –
purple to colourless
• Sulphur dioxide gas and acidified potassium (orange in color)
dichromate solution –
orange to green
Change in temperature
There is always some change in Temperature after or during
reaction. Temperature may increase or decrease in reaction.
Change in temperature
Exothermic reaction : Endothermic reaction
• A reaction that release energy from the • A reaction that the system absorbs
surrounding in the form of heat energy from its surrounding in the
form of heat
Change in state :
• During chemical reactions state of substance may change.
CO(g) + 2H2 (g) CH3OH(l)
Chemical equation :
• Representation of a chemical reaction in terms of symbols or formula
of chemicals is called chemical equation.
• Eg :
Chemical reaction : when magnesium reacts with oxygen it forms
Magnesium oxide
Chemical equation : 2Mg + O2 2MgO
Advantage of chemical equation :
• It makes easy to study a reaction with a single glance.
• Requires less time and efforts as compared to chemical reaction.
• Gives additional information also which a chemical reaction does not.
Balanced and unbalanced chemical equation :
• Balanced equations :
Equations having equal number of items on reactants as well as
product side these are called balanced chemical equation
Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2
Unbalanced equation
• Equation having unequal number of atoms on Reactant or product
sides are called unbalanced chemical equation
• Unbalanced equation is also called skeletal equation. For examples
Balancing :
1. N2 + H2 NH3
2. Fe + H2O Fe3O4 + H2
3. Sodium + water sodium hydroxide + hydrogen
• Copper sulphate + sodium hydroxide
Copper hydroxide + sodium sulphate
Types of reaction :
1. Combination reaction : Reaction in which single product is formed when
two or more reactants reacts , Then it is known as combination reaction
2. Decomposition reaction : A type of reaction in which single reactant breaks
down into two or more products is called decomposition reaction
Examples of decomposition reaction :
Types of decomposition reaction :
a) Thermal decomposition reactions : decomposition done by hitting
or by supplying heat energy is called thermal decomposition
reaction
b) Photo decomposition reaction : Decomposition done by
light(sunlight) is called photo decomposition reaction
c) Electro decomposition reaction : Decomposition done by passing
electric current is called electro decomposition reaction
electricity
2H2O 2H2 + O2
3. Displacement reaction : Reaction in which more reactive element
displays less reactive metal from its salt , it is called displacement
reaction
Reactivity series of metals :
4. Double displacement reaction :
• Type of reaction in which exchange of ions takes place or a type of
reaction in which 2 compounds reacts to form 2 new compounds are
called double displacement reaction.
• Examples :
Oxidation and reduction reaction (Redox reaction)
• Oxidation reaction : The type of reaction in which addition of oxygen
or removal of hydrogen atom take place, is called oxidation.
• Oxidising agent : substance Which provides oxygen or remove
hydrogen from substance physical oxidizing agent
• Examples : CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Reduction reaction :
• Chemical reaction In which edition of hydrogen or removal of oxygen
takes place is called a reduction.
• Reducing agent : Chemical substance which provide hydrogen or
remove oxygen from compound are called reducing agent.
• Examples : CH3COOH + H2 CH3CH2OH
BaCl2 + H2SO4 BaSO4 + HCl
Redox reaction :
Whenever oxidation or reduction takes place at the same time in chemical reaction known as
redox reaction
‘red’ for reduction and ‘ox’ stands for oxidation , hence
‘red’ + ‘ox’ = Redox reaction.
Effect of oxidation in daily life :
1. Corrosion :
When I met the list attacked by a substance around it such as moisture,
assets etc it is safe to be corrode and this process is called corrosion.
Black coating on silver, green coating on copper and brownish red
coating on iron is some example of corrosion. It is also called resting of
iron
Methods to prevent rusting of iron :
1. Oiling and greasing
2. Painting
3. Galvanisation
4. Electroplating
2. Rancidity :
• When food containing fats and oils are oxidized , They become rancid
and their smell and taste changes , this is called rancidity
Method to prevent rancidity :
1. Adding BHA and BHT. They are antioxidants which prevent oxidation
of food
2. Flushing packets of food with N2 gas
3. Keeping food in air tight containers
4. Keeping food in cool places like refrigerator
5. Keeping food in dark place
6. Vacuum packing
Practice questions :
1. Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?
2) What is a balanced chemical equation? Why
should chemical equations be balanced?
3) Balance the chemical equation :
(a) HNO3 +Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
(b) NaCl + AgNO3 → AgCl + NaNO3
4) Write chemical reaction into chemical equation
Potassium bromide(aq) + Barium iodide(aq)→ Potassium
iodide(aq) + Barium bromide(s)
(b) Zinc carbonate(s) → Zinc oxide(s) + Carbon dioxide(g)
5) A shiny brown coloured element ‘X’ on heating in air becomes
black in colour. Name the element ‘X’ and the black coloured
compound formed.
THANK YOU
NOTE : Revise all the notes again and again
