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Measurement of Temperature Notes

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138 views4 pages

Measurement of Temperature Notes

Uploaded by

suha.kabir05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Measurement of Temperature

Heat: It is a kind of thermal energy which transfers from hotter object to a colder object.
Symbol: Q, SI unit: joules (J)
Temperature: It is the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. It is the measurement of heat of an object.
Symbol: T, SI unit: Kelvin (K)
Measuring device: Thermometer.
Thermometric Property:
Thermometric Property Thermometer

Mercury in glass thermometer


Volume of a fixed mass of liquid
Alcohol in glass thermometer

Pressure of a fixed mass of gas at


Constant – volume gas thermometer
Constant volume

Changes in e.m.f. Thermocouple

Changes in electrical resistance Resistance thermometer or thermistor

Volume As Thermometric Property:

Mercury is the only elemental metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures.


Mercury is silvery white and freezes into a soft solid like tin or lead at
about -39 °C. Mercury does not wet glass or cling to it, and this property,
coupled with its uniform volume expansion throughout its liquid range,
makes it useful in liquid-in-glass thermometers.

The two fixed points used in the Centigrade scale are:

• Steam point (upper fixed point) – It is the temperature at which pure water boils at one standard
atmospheric pressure and its assigned the value of 100 °C.
• Ice point (lower fixed point) – It is the temperature at which pure ice melts at one standard
atmospheric pressure and its assigned the value of 0 °C.

MAMUN SIR, Senior Physics Teacher, Sunnydale. 1 Phone: 01817750750


Calibration steps (Measuring temperature by an unmarked thermometer):

• Use an unmarked mercury thermometer


• Place the thermometer just above pure boiling water (upper fixed point) and record its length of
mercury thread, l100°, from a reference level (such as base of the reservoir). Repeat the same for the
pure melting ice (lower fixed point) and record its length of mercury thread, l 0°.
• Now place the same thermometer in an unknown temperature, θ°C and record its length of mercury
thread, lθ°.
EX: In an unmarked mercury thermometer, it was found experimentally that l0 is 5cm, l100 is 25cm.
What is the temperature when lƟ is
i. 14cm
ii. 3cm.

Laboratory thermometer:
Structure:
• The thermometer is made relatively small so that it is portable and cheap.
• The liquid is contained in a thin-walled glass bulb. The bulb is made relatively larger than its bore to
contain more of the liquid, so as to improve sensitivity.
• The narrow bore of the capillary tube is uniform. The round glass stem around the capillary tube is
made thick. It acts as a magnifying glass.
Linearity:
• Mercury expands quite uniformly over a good range of temperatures.
Clinical Thermometer:
Clinical thermometer is a slight modification of mercury thermometer. It is specially designed to measure
the human body temperature.

Laboratory thermometer Clinical Thermometer


MAMUN SIR, Senior Physics Teacher, Sunnydale. 2 Phone: 01817750750
Structure:
• It is smaller in size than the laboratory thermometer.
• It has a constriction in the fine capillary tube. This constriction prevents the mercury from
contracting and flowing back when it is removed from human body (temperature of surroundings
being lower). This enables the recording of the maximum temperature of the body without need for
haste.
• The mercury thread needs to be shaken back into the bulb before the thermometer is used again.
Range:
• The scale ranges between 35°C to 42°C.
• This range is centered around the normal body temperature of 36.9°C.
• Short range enables the scale to be divided into smaller intervals for greater accuracy (0.1°C).

Thermocouple thermometers:

MAMUN SIR, Senior Physics Teacher, Sunnydale. 3 Phone: 01817750750


Advantages of thermocouple thermometer:
1. It is used to measure rapidly changing temperature.
2. It has a wide range of approximately -2000C to 15000C.
3. Its output is an electrical signal which is easy to read.

MAMUN SIR, Senior Physics Teacher, Sunnydale. 4 Phone: 01817750750

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