J9 Miscellaneous Problems

Ahmed Hasib Ittihad

March 24, 2021

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1 National Problems

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1.1 Combinatorics

Problem 1.1 (Junior 2012 P8). Find the total number of the triangles whose all the sides are integer and the

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longest side is of 100 in length. If the similar clause is applied for the isosceles triangle then what will be the
total number of triangles?

Problem 1.2 (Secondary 2012 P9). Consider a n × n grid of points. Prove that no matter how we choose 2n − 1
points from these, there will always be a right triangle with vertices among these 2n − 1 points.
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Problem 1.3 (Secondary 2012 P10). A triomino is an L-shaped pattern made from three unit squares. A 2k × 2k
chessboard has one of its squares missing. Show that the remaining board can be covered with triominoes.
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Problem 1.4 (Selection 2020). You have a machine where you can insert a number n, and it will output a
number depending on whether the input was even or not. Call the machine f , and then the relation is given
by: {n
n is even
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f (n) = 2
n + 1 n is odd
You enter a number n to the machine, and recursively keep entering the output as an input. You do this until
you reach a number that you already received as an output earlier. And then you stop.
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Define ord(n) as the number of times you can use the machine starting with a positive integer n. For each n,
what is ord(n)?

Problem 1.5 (Junior 2013 P7). A positive integer is called “Fantabulous” if there is another fantabulous positive
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integer smaller than it. Find the number of fantabulous integers.

Problem 1.6 (Junior 2013 P6). You have 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 kg weights in your home. You have only one piece
of each of the weights. You also have a balance. If you put a weight on the left side of that balance, its weight
becomes twice. Every time you choose three weights to put on the balance in such a manner that the balance
remains in equilibrium. On every turn, the total weight the balance can carry gets reduced by 3 kg. First time
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the balance may carry at most 20 kg in total. In how many ways can you keep weights on balance?

Problem 1.7 (Junior 2014 P10). Oindri has 100 chocolates. She finished eating all her chocolates in 58 days by
eating at least one chocolate everyday. Prove that, there were some consecutive days when she ate exactly 15
chocolates.

1.2 Geometry

Problem 1.8 (Secondary 2013 P7). ABCD is a quadrilateral. AB ∥ CD. P is a point on AB and Q is a point
on CD. A line parallel to AB intersects AD, BC, CP, DP, AQ, BQ at points M N XY RS respectively. Prove

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that M X + N Y = RS .

Problem 1.9 (Secondary 2013 P4). ABCD is a quadrilateral where ∠B = ∠D = 90◦ . E and F are two points
on BD such that AE is perpendicular to BD and CF ∥ AE prove that DE = BF .

1.3 Number Thoery

Problem 1.10 (Junior 2013 P4). The ratio of GCD and LCM of two integers is 1 : 36 and sum of the integers
is 5460. What is the difference between these two integers?

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Problem 1.11 (Junior 2012 P10). The n-th term of a sequence is the least common multiple (l.c.m.) of the
integers from 1 to n. Which term of the sequence is the first one that is divisible by 100?

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1.4 Algebra

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Problem 1.12 (Secondary 2014 P8). If the lengths of two altitudes drawn from two vertices of a triangle on their
opposite sides are 2014 and 1 unit, then what will be the length of the altitude drawn from the third vertex of
the triangle on its opposite side?

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Problem 1.13 (Junior 2014 P5). A new series is to be formed by removing some terms from the series 1, 2, 3, 4, . . . 30
such that no term of the new series is obtained if any term of the new series is doubled. Maximum how many
terms can there be in the new series?
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2 Other Practice Problems
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2.1 Combinatorics

Problem 2.1. Given a positive integer n, give an algorithm to write it uniquely as a sum of non consecutive
Fibonacci numbers.
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Problem 2.2 (India Regional 2015). Suppose 28 objects are placed along a circle at equal distances. In how
many ways can 3 objects be chosen from among them so that no two of the three chosen objects are adjacent
nor diametrically opposite?
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Problem 2.3 (India Regional 2012). Let X = {1, 2, 3, ..., 10}. Find the number of pairs of {A, B} such that
A ⊆ X, B ⊆ X, A ̸= B and A ∩ B = {2, 3, 5, 7}.
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Problem 2.4 (India Regional 2016). At an international event there are 100 countries participating, each with
its own flag. There are 10 distinct flagpoles at the stadium, labelled 1,#2,...,#10 in a row. In how many ways
can all the 100 flags be hoisted on these 10 flagpoles, such that for each i from 1 to 10, the flagpole i has at
least i flags? (Note that the vertical order of the flagpoles on each flag is important)

Problem 2.5 (India Regional 2016). Let (a1 , a2 , . . . ) be a strictly increasing sequence of positive integers in
arithmetic progression. Prove that there is an infinite sub-sequence of the given sequence whose terms are in
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a geometric progression.

2.2 Geometry

Problem 2.6 (India Regional 2012). On the extension of chord AB of a circle centroid at O a point X is taken
and tangents XC and XD to the circle are drawn from it with C and D lying on the circle, let E be the
midpoint of the line segment CD. If ∠OEB = 140o then determine with proof the magnitude of ∠AOB .

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Problem 2.7 (India Regional 2015). In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, let the diagonals AC and BD intersect
at X . Let the circumcircles of triangles AXD and BXC intersect again at Y . If X is the incentre of triangle
ABY , show that ∠CAD = 90o .

Problem 2.8 (AIME 2014 P1). The 8 eyelets for the lace of a sneaker all lie on a rectangle, four equally spaced
on each of the longer sides. The rectangle has a width of 50 mm and a length of 80 mm. There is one eyelet
at each vertex of the rectangle. The lace itself must pass between the vertex eyelets along a width side of the
rectangle and then crisscross between successive eyelets until it reaches the two eyelets at the other width side
of the rectrangle as shown. After passing through these final eyelets, each of the ends of the lace must extend
at least 200 mm farther to allow a knot to be tied. Find the minimum length of the lace in millimeters.

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Problem 2.9 (AIME 2009 P5). Triangle ABC has AC = 450 and BC = 300. Points K and L are located on

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AC and AB respectively so that AK = CK , and CL is the angle bisector of angle C . Let P be the point
of intersection of BK and CL, and let M be the point on line BK for which K is the midpoint of P M . If
AM = 180, find LP .
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Problem 2.10 (AIME 2014 P13). On square ABCD, points E, F, G, and H lie on sides AB, BC, CD, and DA,
respectively, so that EG ⊥ F H and EG = F H = 34. Segments EG and F H intersect at a point P, and the
areas of the quadrilaterals AEP H, BF P E, CGP F, and DHP G are in the ratio 269 : 275 : 405 : 411. Find
the area of square ABCD.
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Problem 2.11 (India Regional 2016). Let ABC be a right-angled triangle with ∠B = 90◦ . Let I be the
incenter of ABC . Draw a line perpendicular√to AI at I . Let it intersect the line CB at D. Prove that CI is
perpendicular to AD and prove that ID = b(b − a) where BC = a and CA = b.

2.3 Number Thoery

Problem 2.12 (India Regional 2015). Determine the number of 3−digit numbers in base 10 having at least one
5 and at most one 3.

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Problem 2.13 (AIME 2010 P1). Let N be the greatest integer multiple of 36 all of whose digits are even and no
two of whose digits are the same. Find the remainder when N is divided by 1000.

Problem 2.14 (AIME 2014 P3). Find the number of rational numbers r, 0 < r < 1, such that when r is written
as a fraction in lowest terms, the numerator and denominator have a sum of 1000.

Problem 2.15 (AIMO 2014 P8). The positive integers N and N 2 both end in the same sequence of four digits
abcd when written in base 10, where digit a is not zero. Find the three-digit number abc.

Problem 2.16 (AIME 2014 P1). Abe can paint the room in 15 hours, Bea can paint 50 percent faster than Abe,
and Coe can paint twice as fast as Abe. Abe begins to paint the room and works alone for the first hour and
a half. Then Bea joins Abe, and they work together until half the room is painted. Then Coe joins Abe and

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Bea, and they work together until the entire room is painted. Find the number of minutes after Abe begins for
the three of them to finish painting the room.

Problem 2.17 (AIME 2009 P8). Let S = {20 , 21 , 22 , . . . , 210 }. Consider all possible positive differences of pairs

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of elements of S . Let N be the sum of all of these differences. Find the remainder when N is divided by 1000.

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Problem 2.18 (India Regional 2012). Find all positive integers such that 32n + 3n2 + 7 is a perfect square.

Problem 2.19 (India Regional 2012). Determine with proof all triples (a, b, c) of positive integers satisfying
a + b + c = 1, where a is a prime number and a ≤ b ≤ c.
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2.4 Algebra
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Problem 2.20 (AIME 2014 P9). Let x1 < x2 < x3 be three real roots of equation 2014x3 − 4029x2 + 2 = 0.
Find x2 (x1 + x3 ).

Problem 2.21 (India Regional 2015). Find all integers a, b, c such that a2 = bc + 1 and b2 = ac + 1
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Problem 2.22 (India Regional 2012). Solve the system of equations for positive real numbers:
1 x 1 y 1 z
= + 1, = + 1, = +1
xy z yz x zx y
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