Course: ME 352 Machine Dynamics and Vibration

Faculty: Vibration portion: Dr. K V Gangadharan, Mechanical Engg

End Semester Study Guide (Mechanical Vibration) – Jan 2022, 6M1&2&3 Batch
I. Unstructured problem statement and method to arrive at solution
a. Class discussion and examples
II. Vibration (based on the class discussions, example narrated, Think pair and
share activities done the class/ online)
• Importance and scope
• Applications of vibration
• Need to reduce vibration
• Effects of vibration
• Vibration consideration for design

III. Free vibration (Undamped and damped system)

• Predict how a mechanical system behaves when just disturbed and left – Free vibration
• Derive governing differential equation of a physical system with appropriate assumptions
• Derivation of GDEM of linear system (DOF as x), torsional systems (DOF θ) , Simple
pendulum, floating objects, oscillating liquid column (refer the tutorials given)
• Determine the natural frequency of a given system (where DOF x or θ)
• Understanding damping how it is getting introduced in a system
• Different methods of damping – viscous, material, friction, hysteresis, eddy current etc
• Determine the critical damping and damping ratio
• Determine the damping present in a system using free vibration
• Logarithmic decrement calculation and it use to find damping present in the system
• System identification using free vibration
• Determination of material properties (, E, G etc.) using vibration measurement
• Determining CG, radius gyration etc using vibration principles
• Determination of solutions to GDEM with and without damping
• Determination of solutions to GDEM with under damping, critical damping, over damping

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IV. Forced vibration
• How a SDOF system behaves at different excitation frequencies
• Determination of Magnification factor, derivation, design observations from the graph
• Frequency response of SDOF to sinusoidal excitations, Phase lag and its importance
• Holiness of damping factor =0.707, its design application
• Natural frequency, damped natural frequency and frequency at which peak amplitude occurs
(,d and pk)
• Rigid rotor system and flexible rotor system
• System identification through frequency response (finding M, K,C )
• Rotating unbalance mass as excitation of SDOF
V. Vibration transmissibility
• Base excitation and isolation & it practical application in industry
• Displacement transmissibility & it practical application in industry
• Force transmissibility & it practical application in industry
VI. Two DOF Systems
• Two mass linear system
• Two rotor system (torsional)
• Double pendulum (oscillation)
• Mass coupled systems (Linear and torsional)
• Eigen values and Eigen vectors
• Principle modes and normal modes of vibration
• 2DOF system practical application in industry
NPTEL reference class / course module for End sem study

https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/107/112107212/ Dr. Anil Kumar IITR

Unit -1 https://youtu.be/9r630K
Lesson 1 - Introduction
Lesson 2 - Addition of two harmonic motions and beat phenomenon 5HmJc
Lesson 3 - Fourier series and harmonic analysis
Lesson 4 - Vibration analysis procedure
Lesson 5 - Numerical problems
Unit-2 https://youtu.be/4DF5q
Lesson 1 - Undamped free vibration
Lesson 2 - Energy method CxhxpM
Lesson 3 - Damped free vibration
Lesson 4 - Viscous damped systems and logarithmic decrement
Lesson 5 - Coulomb damping

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 Unit-3 https://youtu.be/IU3s-
Lesson 1 - Harmonic excitations
Lesson 2 - Magnification factor and frequency response curve tQOKVo
Lesson 3 - Rotating unbalance
Lesson 4 - Excitation of the support
Lesson 5 - Energy input and dissipation by viscous damping
Unit-4 https://youtu.be/nSZAu
Lesson 1 - Coulomb damping and equivalent viscous damping
Lesson 2 - Structural damping and equivalent viscous damping NAB0Ek
Lesson 3 - Vibration isolation and force transmissibility
Lesson 4 - Motion transmissibility
Lesson 5 - Numerical problems
Unit -5 https://youtu.be/FI_Ve7
Lesson 1 - Transducers and vibration pickup
Lesson 2 - Vibrometer fOhRs
Lesson 3 - Accelerometer
Lesson 4 - Velocity pickup or Velometer
Lesson 5 - Phase distortion and frequency measurement
Uinit-6 2 DOF System https://youtu.be/-ZR73-
Lesson 1 - Undamped free vibration
Lesson 2 - Principal modes of vibration 49RsY
Lesson 3 - Combined rectilinear and angular modes
Lesson 4 - Damped free vibration
Lesson 5 - Undamped forced vibration with harmonic excitation
https://nptel.ac.in/courses/112/103/112103111/ Mechanical Vibrations (Web Based-only text) -IITG
Prof. S.K. Dwivedy Prof. Rajiv Tiwari
Introduction https://nptel.ac.in/cours
Basic Terminology in Vibrations es/112/103/112103111/
Single-DOF Free Undamped Vibrations
Single-DOF Free Damped Vibrations
Single-DOF Free Forced Vibrations
Forced Harmonic Vibration, Magnification Factor
Alternative methods for Finding Response of SDOF Systems
Rotating Unbalance, Whirling of Shafts
Support Motion, Vibration Isolation, Equivalent viscous damping,
Sharpens of resonance
Derivation of Equation of Motion
Application of Newton's second law
Work Energy Principle
virtual work and Generalized d’Alembert Principle
Extended Hamilton's Principle and Lagrange's Principle
Solved Examples-Derivation of Equation of Motion
Two-DOF Free Vibrations
Derivation of Equation of Motion and coordinate Coupling
Free vibration using normal modes
Forced Harmonic Vibration

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End semester examination will be checking the extend of understating on the concepts covered in the

class, reading assignments given in the class/ detailed syllabus uploaded in Moodle, specific topics

discussed in the class, tutorials given on virtual class room (out of the book, real life problems and

solutions, closely connected with tutorial problems and its variations)

Numerical problems will try to mimic real life problems with plenty of data which may not be relevant

to the given problem solving. No direct questions like find the natural frequency, derive DEM can be

expected. Derivation may be embedded in the real-life questions.

Specific instructions in the question paper to be read carefully. Assume any missing data and mention

assumptions clearly. Draw neat sketches & write equations wherever needed. Numerical values

without appropriate units will not be considered as answers in examination. Equations used,

substitution of numerical values in appropriate units, Intermediate steps and the answers need to be

clearly mentioned, directly writing the answer saying remaining everything was done in calculator will

not be treated as answers. The question paper will contain a data sheet which gives most of difficult to

remember formulae. Answers without proper question number will not be evaluated. Numerical values

without appropriate units will not be considered as answers.

End semester exam will be offline with pen and paper mode.

Specific instructions in the question paper to be read carefully. Assume any missing data and mention
assumptions clearly. Draw neat sketches & write equations wherever needed. Numerical values
without appropriate units will not be considered as answers in examination. Equations used,
substitution of numerical values in appropriate units, Intermediate steps and the answers need to be
clearly mentioned, directly writing the answer saying remaining everything was done in calculator will
not be treated as answers. The question paper will contain a data sheet which gives most of difficult to
remember formulae.
Question number , sub questions numbers and answers with units and remarks (where ever application
)
Data sheet useful for mid sem is provided below

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Material properties
Material E (GPa) G (GPa)  (g/cc) 
Solution for
Steel
Al
210
70
80
26
7.8
2.7
0.3
0.35 Under damped system x = Ae−nt sin 1 −  2 n t +  ( )
− nt
Cu 120 48 8.94 0.34 Critically damped system x = (C1 + C2t )e
Over damped system
Equivalent springs 
(
x = A  +  − 1 e
2 
)
 − +  2 −1  t
 n
(
+ −  +  − 1 e
2
)
 − −  2 −1  t
 n


Gd 4  
Helical spring k =
8D 3 n x1 1 x1 2
Logarithmic decrement  = ln = ln =
Pad in compression k =
AE x2 n xn+1 1− 2
L
3EI xx
Cantilever beam k = 3 SDOF Forced Vibration
L Fo c
48EI xx X= , tan  =
Simply supported beam k =
L3 (k − m 2 )2 + (c )2 k − m 2
192EI xx
Fixed fixed beam k = X 1
L3 Magnification factor = ,
Torsional stiffness k =
GI p X st (1 −  ) + (2 )
2 2 2

2
 pk = (1− 2 2 )n , tan  =
L
d 4 ,
Circular section I = 1 − 2
64  F
d 4 = , X st = o
Circular section I p = n k
32
1 1   − 1 
bh3 Quality factor Q = ,  =  2
Rectangular c/s I xx = 2 2   pk 
12
mr 2 Rotating unbalance causing vibration excitation
Mass moment of Disc J =
2 X 2 2
= tan  =
Simple harmonic motion
mo e m (1 −  2 )2 + (2 )2 1 − 2

displacement x = X sin t Force transmissibility

Velocity x = X sin(t +  2 ) 1 + (2 )
2
Ftr X
= =
Acceleration x = X 2 sin (t +  ) Fo Y (1 − ) + (2 )
2 2 2

SDOF free vibration mx + kx = 0 , 2

tan  = , tan  = 2
1 − 2
k k g g
n = , n = t , n = , n =
m J  l

SDOF forced vibration with damping

mx + cx + kx = f (t ) , d = (1 −  2 )n ,
c
cc = 2 km,  = ,  pk = (1 − 2 2 )n
cc

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