PSLP

Unit I
Basics: Probability and Statistical models, Sample Spaces and Events, Counting Techniques,
Interpretations and Axioms of Probability, Unions of Events and Addition Rules, Conditional
Probability, Intersections of Events and Multiplication and Total Probability Rules, Independence,
Bayes’ Theorem, Random Variables.

Discrete and Continuous Random Variables and Distributions: Probability Distributions and
Probability Mass / density Functions, Cumulative Distribution Functions, Mean and Variance of a
Random Variable, Discrete and continuous Uniform Distribution, Binomial Distribution, Geometric
and Negative Binomial Distributions, Hypergeometric Distribution, Poisson Distribution. Normal
Distribution, Normal Approximation to the Binomial, and Poisson Distributions; Exponential
Distribution, Erlang and Gamma Distributions, Weibull Distribution, Lognormal Distribution, Beta
Distribution.

Unit II
Joint Probability Distributions for Two Random Variables, Conditional Probability Distributions and
Independence, Joint Probability Distributions for Two Random Variables, Covariance and Correlation,
Common Joint Distributions, Linear Functions of Random Variables, General Functions of Random
Variables, MomentGenerating Functions.

Numerical Summaries of Data, Stem-and-Leaf Diagrams, Frequency Distributions and Histograms,

Box Plots, Time Sequence Plots, Scatter Diagrams, Probability Plots. Point Estimation, Sampling
Distributions and the Applicable from Batch Admitted in Academic Session 2021-22 Onwards Page
356 of 427 Central Limit Theorem without proof, General Concepts of Point Estimation, Methods of
Point Estimation, Statistical Intervals for a Single Sample.

Unit III
Hypotheses Testing for a Single Sample: Tests on the Mean of a Normal Distribution with Variance
Known / Unknown, Tests on the Variance and Standard Deviation of a Normal Distribution, Tests on a
Population Proportion, Testing for Goodness of Fit, Nonparametric tests (Signed, Wilcoxon), Similarly
Statistical Inference for Two Samples.

Regression and Correlation: Linear Regression, Least Squares Estimators, Hypotheses testing for
simple linear regression, Confidence Intervals, Adequacy of model, Correlation, Transformed
Variables, Logistic Regression. Similarly, for multiple linear regression including aspects of MLR.

Unit IV
Linear Programming: Introduction, formulation of problem, Graphical method, Canonical and
Standard form of LPP, Simplex method, Duality concept, Dual simplex method, Transportation and
Assignment problem.
 TOC

UNIT – I
Automata and Language Theory: Chomsky Classification, Finite Automata, Deterministic Finite
Automata (DFA), Non-Deterministic Finite Automata (NFA), Regular Expressions, Equivalence of DFAs,
NFAs and Regular Expressions, Closure properties of Regular grammar, Non-Regular Languages,
Pumping Lemma.

UNIT – II
Context Free Languages: Context Free Grammar (CFG), Parse Trees, Push Down Automata
(deterministic and non-deterministic) (PDA), Equivalence of CFGs and PDAs, Closure properties of
CFLs, Pumping Lemma, Parsing, LL(K) grammar.

UNIT – III
Turing Machines and Computability Theory: Definition, design and extensions of Turing Machine,
Equivalence of various Turing Machine Formalisms, Church – Turing Thesis, Decidability, Halting
Problem, Reducibility and its use in proving undecidability. Rices theorem. Undecidability of Posts
correspondence problem., Recursion Theorem.

UNIT – IV
Complexity Theory: The class P as consensus class of tractable sets. Classes NP, co-NP. Polynomial
time reductions. NP-completess, NP-hardness. Cook- Levin theorem (With proof). Space complexity,
PSPACE and NPSPACE complexity classes, Savitch theorem (With proof). Probabilistic computation,
BPP class. Interactive proof systems and IP class. relativized computation and oracles.
 C&S

UNIT – I
Signals, Classification of Signals, Systems, Classification of Systems, Linear Time Invariant (LTI)
Systems; Laplace Transform, z-Transform, Fourier Series and Transform (Continuous and Discrete)
and their properties. Laplace Transform and Continuous Time LTI systems, z-Transform and Discrete
Time LTI systems, Fourier analysis of signals and systems, State Space Analysis.

UNIT-II
System modeling in terms of differential equations and transient response of R, L, C, series and
parallel circuits for impulse, step, ramp, sinusoidal and exponential signals by classical method and
using Laplace transform.

UNIT – III
AC Circuits: Circuits containing Capacitors and Inductors, Transient Response, Alternating Current and
Voltages, Phasors, Impedances and Admittance, Mesh Analysis, Loop Analysis, Nodal Analysis,
Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorem, Y - D and D- Y Transformation, Bridge Circuits. Resonant Circuits,
Complex Frequency and Network Function, Two port Networks. Passive Filters.

UNIT – IV
Graph theory: concept of tree, tie set matrix, cut set matrix and application to solve electric
networks. Two port networks – Introduction of two port parameters and their interconversion,
interconnection of two 2 port networks, open circuit and short circuit impedances and ABCD
constants, relation between image impedances and short circuit and open circuit impedances.
Network functions, their properties and concept of transform impedance, Hurwitz polynomial.
 DBMS

UNIT – I
Basic concepts: database & database users, characteristics of the database systems, concepts and
architecture, date models, schemas & instances, DBMS architecture & data independence, database
languages & interfaces, data modelling using the entity-relationship approach. Enhanced ER concepts
- Specialization/Generalization, Aggregation, Mapping of ER model to Relational Model.

SQL – DDL, DCL & DML views and indexes in SQL. Basics of SQL, DDL, DML,DCL, structure – creation,
alteration, defining constraints – Primary key, foreign key, unique, not null, check, IN operator.

UNIT - II:
Relational model concepts, relational model constraints, relational algebra, relational calculus.

SQL – Functions - aggregate functions, Built-in functions – numeric, date, string functions, set
operations, sub queries, correlated sub-queries, Use of group by, having, order by, join and its types,
Exist, Any, All , view and its types. Transaction control commands – Commit, Rollback, Save point.

UNIT - III
Relational data base design: functional dependencies & normalization for relational databases,
normal forms based on functional dependencies, (1NF, 2NF, 3NF & BCNF), lossless join and
dependency preserving decomposition, normal forms based on multivalued & join dependencies
(4NF & 5NF) & domain key normal form.

Properties of Transaction, Transaction states, Transaction Schedule, Serializability, Concurrency

control techniques, locking techniques, time stamp ordering, Recoverable schedules, granularity of
data items, Deadlock detection and Recovery, recovery techniques: recovery concepts, database
backup and recovery from catastrophic failures.

Database Programming – control structures, exception handling, stored procedures, Triggers.

UNIT – IV
File Structures and Indexing: Secondary Storage Devices, Operations on Files, Heap Files, Sorted Files,
Hashing, Single level indexes, Multi-level indexes, B and B+ tree indexes.

Concepts of Object Oriented Database Management systems & Distributed Database Management
Systems
 JAVA

UNIT - I
Overview and characteristics of Java, Java program Compilation and Execution Process Organization
of the Java Virtual Machine, JVM as an interpreter and emulator, Instruction Set, class File Format,
Verification, Class Area, Java Stack, Heap, Garbage Collection. Security Promises of the JVM, Security
Architecture and Security Policy. Class loaders and security aspects, sandbox model.

UNIT - II
Java Fundamentals, Data Types & Literals Variables, Wrapper Classes, Arrays, Arithmetic Operators,
Logical Operators, Control of Flow, Classes and Instances, Class Member Modifiers Anonymous Inner
Class Interfaces and Abstract Classes, inheritance, throw and throws clauses, user defined
Exceptions, The String Buffer Class, tokenizer, applets, Life cycle of applet and Security concerns.

UNIT - III
Threads: Creating Threads, Thread Priority, Blocked States, Extending Thread Class, Runnable
Interface, Starting Threads, Thread Synchronization, Synchronize Threads, Sync Code Block,
Overriding Synced Methods, Thread Communication, wait, notify and notify all.

AWT Components, Component Class, Container Class, Layout Manager Interface Default Layouts,
Insets and Dimensions, Border Layout, Flow Layout, Grid Layout, Card Layout Grid Bag Layout AWT
Events, Event Models, Listeners, Class Listener, Adapters, Action Event Methods Focus Event Key
Event, Mouse Events, Window Event

UNIT – IV
Input/Output Stream, Stream Filters, Buffered Streams, Data input and Output Stream, Print Stream
Random Access File, JDBC (Database connectivity with MS-Access, Oracle, MS-SQL Server), Object
serialization, Sockets, development of client Server applications, design of multithreaded server.
Remote Method invocation, Java Native interfaces, Development of a JNI based application.

Collection API Interfaces, Vector, stack, Hashtable classes, enumerations, set, List, Map, Iterators.