ELECROCHEMISTRY 1. Which cell will measure the standard electrode potential of copper electrode a. Pt (s) | H₂(g,0.1 bar) |H⁺ (aq.,1 M) || Cu²⁺aq.,1M) | Cu b. Pt(s) | H₂(g, 1 bar) | H⁺ (aq.,1 M) || Cu²⁺(aq.,2 M) | Cu c. Pt(s)| H₂(g, 1 bar) | H⁺ (aq.,1 M) || Cu²⁺ (aq.,1 M) | Cu d. Pt(s) | H₂ (g, 1 bar) | H⁺ (aq.,0.1 M) || Cu²⁺ (aq.,1 M) | Cu 2. Which of the statements about solutions of electrolytes is not correct a. Conductivity of solution depends upon size of ions. b. Conductivity depends upon viscosity of solution. c. Conductivity does not depend upon solvation of ions present in solution. d. Conductivity of solution increases with temperature. 3. The amount of electricity required to deposit 1 mol of aluminium from a solution of AlCl₃ will be a. 0.33 Faraday b. 1 Faraday c. 3 Faraday d. 1.33 Faraday 4. The positive value of the standard electrode potential for copper electrode indicates that a. copper ions get reduced more easily than 𝐻+ ions b. hydrogen ions can oxidise Cu c. hydrogen gas cannot reduce copper ion d. copper ions get oxidise more easily than 𝐻+ ions. 5. The standard electrode potential for fluorine is the highest is indicating that a. fluorine gas (𝐹2) has the maximum tendency to get reduced to fluoride ions 𝐹− b. fluorine gas is the strongest reducing agent c. fluoride ion is the strongest reducing agent d. fluoride ion is the weakest oxidising agent 6. The chemical equivalent mass of Cu for the reduction of Cu(II) ion to 𝐶𝑢 is (atomic mass of Cu is 63.5) a. 63.5 b. 31.7 c. 51 d. 271 7. Products of electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution are a. NaOH, Cl2 and H2 b. NaOH, O2 and H2 c. NaOH, Cl2 and O2 d. sodium metal and Cl2 gas 8.If limiting molar conductivity of Ca2+ and Cl– are 119.0 and 76.3 S cm2 mol-1, then the value of limiting molar conductivity of CaCl2 will be: (a) 195.3 S cm2 mol-1 (b) 271.6 S cm2 mol-1 (c) 43.3 S cm2 mol-1 (d) 314.3 S cm2 mol-1
(a) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion. (b) Both assertion and reason are correct statements, but reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion. (c) Assertion is correct, but reason is wrong statement. (d) Assertion is wrong, but reason is correct statement. 1. Assertion: It is possible to make a cell with a pair of same type of half cells. Reason: Change in concentration varies the electrode potential. 2. Assertion: When aqueous sodium chloride solution is electrolyzed, Oxygen gas is produced at the anode. Reason: It is due to the overpotential for oxidation of water to oxygen. 3. Assertion: Molar conductivity of an electrolyte increases with decrease in concentration. Reason: The mobility of ions decreases with increase in concentration. 4. Assertion: The electrode potential of standard hydrogen electrode is zero. Reason: There is no potential difference at the electrode - solution interface in this case. 5. Assertion: Reduction of 1 mole of Cu2+ ions require 2 faraday of charge. Reason: 1 Faraday is equal to the charge of 1 mole of electrons. 6. Assertion: Fuel cells are pollution free. Reason: Fuel cells use hydrogen like fuels along with oxygen gas for current production. 7. Assertion: Lechlanche cell gives constant voltage throughout its life. Reason: The overall reaction of button cell does not involve any ion in solution whose concentration can change during its life time. 8. Assertion: Coating iron with zinc prevents rusting. Reason: The coating of zinc prevents moist air to come in contact with the metal. 9. Assertion: More negative the electrode potential greater is the power to act as oxidising agent. Reason: As the electrode potential becomes more negative there is greater tendency to undergo oxidation. 10. Assertion: Secondary cells are cells which can be recharged after use. Reason: The products are electrolysed back to the initial reactants during recharge of the cell. CASE-BASED QS. 1.Read the passage & answer the Qs The lead-acid battery represents the oldest rechargeable battery technology. Lead acid batteries can be found in a wide variety of applications including small-scale power storage such as UPS systems, ignition power sources for automobiles, along with large, grid-scale power systems. The spongy lead act as the anode and lead dioxide as the cathode. Aqueous sulphuric acid is used as an electrolyte. The half-reactions during discharging of lead storage cells are:
There is no safe way of disposal and these batteries end - up in landfills. Lead and sulphuric acid are extremely hazardous and pollute soil, water as well as air. Irrespective of the environmental challenges it poses, lead-acid batteries have remained an important source of energy. Designing green and sustainable battery systems as alternatives to conventional means remains relevant. Fuel cells are seen as the future source of energy. Hydrogen is considered a green fuel. Problem with fuel cells at present is the storage of hydrogen. Currently, ammonia and methanol are being used as a source of hydrogen for fuel cell. These are obtained industrially, so add to the environmental issues. If the problem of storage of hydrogen is overcome, is it still a “green fuel?” Despite being the most abundant element in the Universe, hydrogen does not exist on its own so needs to be extracted from the water using electrolysis or separated from carbon fossil fuels. Both of these processes require a significant amount of energy which is currently more than that gained from the hydrogen itself. In addition, this extraction typically requires the use of fossil fuels. More research is being conducted in this field to solve these problems. Despite the problem of no-good means to extract Hydrogen, it is a uniquely abundant and renewable source of energy, perfect for our future zero-carbon needs. Answer the following questions: (a) How many coulombs have been transferred from anode to cathode in order to consume one mole of sulphuric acid during the discharging of lead storage cell? (b) How much work can be extracted by using lead storage cell if each cell delivers about 2.0 V of voltage? (1 F = 96500 C) (c) Do you agree with the statement – “Hydrogen is a green fuel.” Give your comments for and against this statement and justify your views. OR Imagine you are a member of an agency funding scientific research. Which of the following projects will you fund and why? (i) safe recycling of lead batteries (ii) extraction of hydrogen
2. Read the passage below and answer the following questions:
A process in which on passing electricity electrolyte split into ions and ions are deposited at opposite electrode is called electrolysis. Faraday’s First law of electrolysis: The amount of substance deposited or liberated during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passed through the solution. Faraday's Second law of electrolysis When same amount of current is passed through different electrolytes which are connected in series, the amount of substance deposited/ liberated from different electrolytes is directly proportional to their equivalent weight. 1. Define electrochemical equivalent (Z). 2. How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce 20⋅0 g of Ca from molten CaCl2? (Given At. mass Ca=40g) OR 2. How much electricity in terms of Faraday is required to produce 40⋅0 g of Al from molten Al2O3? (Given At. mass Al=27g) 3. A solution of Ni (NO3)2 is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes using a current of 5 amperes for 20 minutes. What mass of Ni is deposited at the cathode? (Given At. Mass Ni=58.5g) 1. Three iron sheets have been coated separately with three metals 𝐴, 𝐵 and 𝐶 2 whose standard electrode potentials are given below. Identify in which rusting will takes place faster when coating is damaged. E 0 for Metals A, B, C and Iron are − 0.46V, −0.66V, −0.20V and − 0.44V respectively. An As iron (−0.44𝑉) has lower standard reduction potential than 𝐶 (−0.20𝑉) only s and therefore when coating is broken, rusting will take place faster. 2 Why on dilution the ⋀m of CH3COOH increases drastically while that of 2 CH3COONa increases gradually? An CH3COOH is a weak electrolyte, the number of ions increase on dilution due s to an increase in degree of dissociation. 3 Calculate the cell emf and ΔG ∘ for the cell reaction at 25∘𝐶 for the cell: Zn s 3 Zn2+ 0.0004M ∥ Cd2+ 0.2M Cd s At 25∘C: EZn2+/Zn ∘ = −0.763V; ECd2+/Cd ∘ = −0.403V; F = 96500Cmol−1 ; R = 8.314JK −1mol−1 .
(b) If 𝐸 ∘ for copper electrode copper ions is 0.34𝑉 ? How does emf for copper electrode change when concentration of Cu2+ ions is decreased? how will you calculate its emf value when the solution in contact with it is 0.1𝑀 in the solution An s
4. The electrochemical cell given alongside converts the chemical energy 3
released during the redox reaction to electrical energy: Zn s + Cu2+ aq ⟶ Zn2+ aq + Cu s It gives an electrical potential of 1.1V when concentration Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions is unity. State the direction of flow of current and also specify whether zinc and copper are deposited or dissolved at their respective electrodes when: (i) an external opposite potential of less than 1.1 V is applied. (ii) an external potential of 1.1𝑉 is applied. (iii) an external potential of greater than 1.1𝑉 is applied. An Ans. (i) Reaction continues to take place. Electrons flow from Zn electrode to s copper electrode, current flows from Cu to Zn. Zn dissolves and copper deposits at their respective electrodes. (ii) The reaction stops and no current flows. (iii) Reaction takes place in opposite directions. Electrons flow from copper electrode to zinc electrode, current flows from Zn to𝐶𝑢. Cell functions as an electrolytic cell 5 (i) State two advantages of H2—O2 fuel cell over ordinary cell. (ii) Silver is 5 electrodeposited on a metallic vessel of total surface area 500 cm2 by passing a current of 0.5 A for two hours. Calculate the thickness of silver deposited. [Given: Density of silver = 10.5 g cm–3, Atomic mass of silver = 108 amu, F = 96,500 C mol–1] Ans. (i) An Pollution free, 75% efficiency, continuous source of energy. (ii) w =ZIt = s 4.029g, V=m/d = 0.3837 cm3, Thickness of Ag deposited is x, V= A. x = 7.67x10-4cm
