INTERVIEW

• is a purposeful conversation
between the nurse and the
patient.
• it consists of asking questions
designed to elicit subjective data -
what the person says about
himself or herself.
 1. Gather organized, complete, and
accurate data about patient’s health
state, including the description and
chronology of any signs and symptoms
of illness.
2. Establish rapport and trust
3. Teach the client about the health state
PURPOSE 4. Build rapport for a continuing nurse-
patient relationship
OF 5. Begin teaching for health promotion and
INTERVIEW disease prevention.
 1. Time and place of the interview and
succeeding physical examination which
is the next data collection step.
2. Introduction of self and the brief
explanation of the nurse's role.
3. The purpose of the interview.
4. How long will it take?
5. Expectation of participation for each
patient.
6. Presence of any other people
7. Confidentiality
CONTRACT 8. Any costs that the patient may pay.
Showcase an
example on
how to set a
contract to
your patients
in conducting
an interview
base on the
discussions
above.
 SENDER
RECIEVER

MESSAGE
RESPONSE
PROCESS OF COMMUNICATION
 1.VERBAL COMMUNICATION is
through spoken or written
words, vocalizations.
2.NONVERBAL
COMMUNICATION - gestures,
facial expressions, posture,
body movement, voice tone
and volume, rate of speech
MODES OF
COMMUNICATION and dress
PHASES OF AN INTERVIEW
(PHASES OF THE HELPING RELATIONSHIP)
PREINTERACTION
Preparatory Phase or
Preinteraction Phase
- occurs before the nurse
meets the patient.
PREINTERACTION
a. Review as much information as possible
about the patient.
b. Decide what data are needed and
what type of data collection will be
used.
c. Review the literature pertinent to the
patient's developmental age,
psychosocial aspects and
pathophysiological considerations if
needed.
PREINTERACTION
d. Assess own feelings or reactions to previous
patients that might interfere with the nurse-
patient relationship.
e. Seek assistance from more experienced
nurses, mentors or supervisors as needed.
f. Plan for a private, quiet setting for the
interview; schedule a mutually convenient
time of day; and determine the length of time
needed for data collection.
g. Modify the environment to facilitate the
interview.
INTRODUCTORY Introductory Phase or
Orientation Phase or
Prehelping Phase- it begins
when the nurse and the
patient meet.
INTRODUCTORY
a. Introduce self by name and position and
explain the purpose and content of the
interview.
b. Begin to establish rapport with the patient
by conveying a caring, interested attitude.
c. Observe the patient's behavior, and listen
attentively to determine the patient self-
perceptions and how the patient views his
or her health problems.
INTRODUCTORY
d. Let the patient know how long the nurse -
patient relationship is expected to last.
e. Inform the patient how the information
collected will be used and that
confidentiality will be maintained.
f. Start with non - threatening, specific
questions and proceed to open - ended
questions.
g. Establish a verbal contract with the patient,
incorporating the goals of the interview.
WORKING Maintenance Phase or
Working Phase
- the nurse and the
client begin to view each
other as unique individuals.
 a. Keep focused on the tasks or goals to
WORKING ensure that the needed data are
obtained and goals are achieved.
b. Encourage the patient to express his
or her feelings, concerns and
questions.
c. Use techniques that facilitate
communication between the nurse
and patient.
WORKING d. Observe the nonverbal behavior that
accompanies verbal responses.
e. Assess the patient's ability to
continue the interview.
f. Facilitate goal attainment by moving
to the next step of discussion after
needed data are collected.
TERMINATION Concluding Phase or
Termination Phase
- often expected to be
difficult and filled with
ambivalence
 a. Review goal or task attainment.
TERMINATION b. Summarize the highlights of the interview
and its meaning to the nurse and
patient.
c. Encourage the patient to express and
share his or her feelings regarding the
termination of the nurse-patient
relationship.
d. Use language congruent with the client's
cultural background and local custom.
 Nurse Mariam, starts to ask her
client about her biographical
data, chief complain, past
health history, family health
Identify the history and lifestyle and health
phases of the practices.
interview
 The nurse reviewed Mrs. Gutierrez’s
medical report sent by her
physician and learned that she
had her physician refer her to the
clinic to obtain diabetic supplies
and for diabetic teaching. The
report states that she does not
Identify the
routinely monitor and record her
phases of the blood sugar. Her weight 6 weeks
interview ago was 185 pounds.
 Nurse Mico introduces himself
to Mrs. Gutierrez and explains
that she will be asking
questions in order to assist her
Identify the with control of her diabetes.
phases of the
interview
TYPES OF INTERVIEW
QUESTIONS
DIFFERENTIATE
 • it asks for narrative information.
• It leaves the person free to
answer in any way.
• it encourages the patient to
respond in paragraphs and to
give a spontaneous account in
any order chosen.
OPEN • It lets the person express herself
or himself.
ENDED • It builds and enhances rapport.
 • It asks for specific information. Elicit a
short, one or two word answer, a yes or
no, or a forced choices.
• Use direct question after the person's
opening narrative to fill in any details he
or she left out.
• Use direct question when you need
many specific facts, such as about past
CLOSED health problems or about review of
systems.
/ DIRECT • It limits rapport and leaves interaction
neutral.
TECHNIQUES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Facilitation of General Leads
• Encourages the patient to say more
2. Silence
• “Yes, go on, I’m with you.”
3. Reflection
• The patient is able to collect his thoughts
4. Empathy
• Repeating part of what the patient has just said.
5. Clarification
• Used when person’s word choice is ambiguous.
6. Confrontation
• Honest feedback of the nurse
7. Interpretation
• Based on influence or conclusions.
8. Explanation
9. Summary
• Final review and signals the termination of the
interview.

Slides by:
Kim Bryan T.
TRAPS IN INTERVIEWING
1. Providing false assurance
2. Giving unwanted advice
3. Using authority
4. Using avoidance language
5. Engaging in distancing
6. Using of professional jargon
7. Using biased questions
8. Talking too much
9. Interrupting
10. Using “Why” questions
CRITERIA OF EFFECTIVE VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Brevity Get to the point.

Clarity Avoid ambiguous words and generalizations.

Simplicity Use lay terms and avoid medical terminologies.

Pace Indicates interest, anxiety, boredom or fear.

Intonation Express enthusiasm, sadness, anger or amusement.

Timing and Send message when it needs to be sent in relation to the clients
Relevance interest and concerns.

Adaptability States messages that reflect the situation. (communicating with hearing
or visually impaired clients.

Credibility Communication in a trustworthy and believable manner.

Humor Can help the client adjust to difficult and painful situations.
GUIDELINE FOR ACTIVE AND EFFECTIVE LISTENING
 • Avoid interruptions.
• Concentrate on the speaker.
• Maintain eye contact.
• Lean toward and face the speaker.
• Maintain open posture, not crossed
arms.
• Make a conscious effort to hear and
understand the other person; avoid
GUIDELINE FOR premature interpretations and
ACTIVE AND judgments.
EFFECTIVE • Observe and paraphrase non-verbal
behavior.
LISTENING
• Listen to inconsistencies.