Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Regional Office III

Table of Contents
Page No.

Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables

Introduction 1
- Municipal Profile 1

PCRA Process 4
- Methodology 4
• Interview 4
• Transect Walk 4
• Community Resources Mapping 5
• Habitat Assessment
- Mangrove 6
- Seagrass Beds 8
- Coral Reefs 8
- Fish Visual 9
- Beach Forest 10

Results and Discussion 13

- Socio-Economic Interview 13
• Education 14
• Religion 14
• Housing 16
• Community Resources 16
• Livelihood 18
• Fishing Activities 20
• Solid Waste Management 21
• People’s Organizations 21
• External Supporting Agencies 23
• Costal Resource Management 23
• Law Enforcement 25
• Issues and Concerns 26
 Page No.

- Habitat Assessment 27
• Coral Reefs 27
• Fish Visual 29
• Seagrass Beds 31
• Mangroves 32
• Beach Forest 42

Summary/Conclusion 46
 List of Tables
Page No.

Table 1 - Habitat criteria rating chart for Mangroves 7

Table 2 - Habitat criteria rating chart for Seagrass 8

Table 3 - Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs 9

Table 4 - Pictograph of fish abundance 9

Table 5 - Table 3 - Habitat criteria rating chart for Beach Forest 12

Table 6 - Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number 13

of Children of the Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Table 7 - Households with toilets and sources of potable water for 13

Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Table 8 - List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of 17

Candelaria, Zambales

Table 9 - List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal 18

Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Table 10 - Average individual income per day of the working class of the 18
Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Table 11 - Number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized 19

boats of the Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Table 12 - Skills Inventory and Past and Present Livelihood in 20

Candelaria, Zambales

Table 13 - People’s organizations of the Coastal Barangays of 21

Candelaria, Zambales

Table 14 – Issues and Concerns, by Barangay 26

Table 15 - Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays 28

of Candelaria, Zambales
Table 16 - Fish Species Observed in Candelaria, Zambales 30

Table 17 - Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay 38

Table 18 - Summary of Encountered Species Per Assessed Barangay 40

Table 19 - Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays 41

Table 20 - Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay 44

Table 21 - Summary of Encountered Species Per Assessed Barangay 44

Table 22 - Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays 45

 MUNICIPALITY OF CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. INTRODUCTION

A. Municipal Profile

Candelaria is a coastal-rich town of Western Central Luzon facing the South China
Sea. The area is a typical site for the integrated coastal resource management that has gained
support from the community. The town of Candelaria is a third class municipality nested at
the foot of Zambales. Range in the east, lying along the coast of the South China Sea in the
west and bounded by the municipalities of Sta. Cruz on the north and Masinloc on the south.
It is the fourth largest town in terms of land area in the entire province of Zambales.

The municipality is politically subdivided into 16 barangays including the Poblacion

proper. There are eight (8) coastal barangays namely barangays of Binabalian, Libertador,
Malimanga, Sinabacan, Dampay, Malabon, Panayunan and Uacon.

The terrain of the municipality is almost one-fourth (¼) flat lands. Around 3/4 of the
land areas are rolling hills, rugged and mountainous. Along both sides of the National
Highway are extensive flat level land suitable for agriculture, and 11% of its total area covers
residential, commercial and industrial lands.

Out of the 38,359.1896 hectares total land area of Candelaria, there are 27,317.2871
or 18.88% are forested and rolling hills. An estimated of 2,523.67 are effective rice lands.
1,894.67 are irrigated and 629 are non-irrigated or rain-fed farms. Inter-cropping of
vegetables and roots crops are done on a seasonal basis. There are 654.06 hectares under
cultivation with mangoes, coconut, fruit trees, calamansi, sugar, gabi, ubi and arrow roots.
Around 4,742.83 hectares are classified as residential land, open areas are available for
industrial sites and for other commercial purposes. The coast line of the municipality
stretches to about _km.

1 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 In the early time 0f 2001, the municipality launched its coastal environment program
in response to various resource use pressure impacting the coastal resource base. Initial
interventions included the establishment of fish sanctuaries and strengthening of the
MFARMC which has been actively participating in all fisheries activities in the town.

At present, the sustainability of resources in the coastal area of the municipality are
being threatened by over-exploitation, illegal fishing practices, pollution and destructive
practices detrimental to the coastal and marine environment. Sand quarrying has also
emerged as a threat to the public and the overall amenity of the coastal strip. Underneathe
these issues, pervasive poverty is still considered as the factor to the overall coastal
management problems in the area. Subsequently, the implementation of the Integrated
Coastal Management in the various impact sites of Coastal Environment program is viewed
as an urgently needed strategy to save and restore the dwindling coastal and marine
resources of the area.

2 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Figure 1. Map showing the relative location of the Municipality of Candelaria,
Zambales

3 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

II. PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT PROCESS

Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) is a process of gathering and analyzing

information involving the participation of local resource users in CRM planning and
implementation. PCRA focuses on the resource assessment from the perspective of the coastal
resource users and integrates wisdom and knowledge with technical and academic expertise in CRM
(Deguit et al., 2004).

A. Methodology

1. Interview

Interviewing is a method of gathering secondary data or information by asking questions.

The two parties involved in the interview process are the interviewers and the respondents. In this
process, a focus group discussion was conducted. The respondents were gathered and were asked by
the interviewers with questions coming from the questionnaire. Most of the questions asked dealt
with knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about the marine environment, perceived status of the
resources, assessment of trends in fish catch, perceived problems, concerns and issues and proposed
solutions to these problems which they raised. Socio-economic data like occupation, income,
housing condition and household composition were also being asked.

2. Transect Walk
A transect diagram is a method showing the profile of the assessed barangay or locality. It is
used because it generally includes the terrestrial part of the community extending out to the coastal
area. This method is done by drawing an imaginary cross-section line through a map of the
community. The participants followed the line of the map during the walk in order to observe the
various habitats, characteristics, uses, problems, and opportunities. Facilitators were also advised to
spent time with the community members in order to generate more information about the area’s
coastal zones and resources.

4 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 3. Community Resources Mapping
Maps are some of the most important tools in planning and implementing CRM projects.
Without maps, it would be difficult to understand the many variables essential in planning. With
maps, the extent and conditions of resources and habitats can be laid out and analyzed in a spatial
and visual and tangible manner. By laying the various zones, resources, infrastructures,
development activities, opportunities, threats and issues on the map, the community is able to situate
the condition of their coastal area in a visual and tangible manner.

Various information that can be mapped are as follows:

1. Boundaries
2. Roads
3. Settlements
4. Other infrastructures
5. Natural resources
6. Land Use
7. Zonation
8. Other special interests

As with PCRA activities, community mapping helps point out spatial details and new
information on features which conditions vary over space and which locations vary over time. Maps
are also important media, allowing more effective communication between and among stakeholders
involved in CRM.

The community people are the main actors in this activity. They are the ones who will map
out the various resources present in their locality as well as the problems and issues which they want
to address.

Source: ICRMP TOT on PCRA Manual

5 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 4. Habitat Assessment
a. Mangrove Transect
During actual habitat assessment, a reconnaissance of the mangrove area to be
assessed was conducted then a baseline was laid at the start of the mangrove area to be
assessed, where the starting point of all transect lines will emanate. At the starting point, a
transect line was measured perpendicular to the baseline (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Species of mangrove species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the transect line were
identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown diameter noted on a prepared
field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings and saplings (regenerations) on a 1 m. x 1
m. quadrat in two corners and middle of the 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x 10m quadrats
along the transect line were measured until the transect line meets the open sea or end of mangrove
area. After the first transect, series of transect lines were measured perpendicular to the baseline on a
20-meter transect interval, doing the same data collection and measurements, until at least five
percent of the estimated mangrove area were already covered/represented. All raw data and
measurements collected were then transcribed from the data sheet to a prepared tabular form for data
processing and evaluation. Data gathered were then processed into a computer to derive the
parameters in describing a mangrove area, with the following formulas used in the analysis:

6 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

  Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.
2
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula
/4d or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)
 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition below:

Table 1. Habitat criteria rating chart for Mangroves

CONDITION CRITERIA
76% and above in % Crown Cover
1 Regeneration per m2
Excellent
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance
51% – 75% Crown Cover
<1 – 0.76 regeneration per m2
Good
<5m – 3m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings
26% – 50% Crown Cover
0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
Fair
<3m – 2m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor <2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

7 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 b. Seagrass Transect
To determine the abundance and distribution of seagrass, a 50 meter transect line was
laid perpendicular to the shore with calibration at every 5 meters. A 1 x 1 meter quadrant
which was divided into 4 subsquares was also used for easy percentage cover estimation.
Each square is equivalent to 25% which total to 100%. Seagrass together with other
lifeforms, substrate types, organism, human and natural impacts were also noted. Based on
the cover estimation gathered, the condition of the seagrass habitat was determined using the
Habitat Criteria Rating Chart (Table 2).

Table 2. Habitat criteria rating chart for Seagrass

Condition Criteria
Excellent 76-100% seagrass cover
Good 51-75% seagrass cover
Fair 26-50% seagrass cover
Poor 0-25% seagrass cover
Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

c. Coral Reef Assessment

Three methods of assessment were used to determine the present status of all the coral
reef habitat of all the coastal barangays of Sta. Cruz. They were the Manta Tow Method,
Snorkel Method (quadrat and transect), and Point Intercept Method.

In the Manta Tow Method it involves the snorkeler who observes an underwater area
of good visibility, while being pulled by a boat. It is the first and foremost assessment being
conducted by the diving team to initially determine the presence of coral reef in the locality.
The Snorkel Method is executed by swimming over the transect line and counting all
corals inside the standard area of observation of the transect line which is within the area of
counting of the quadrant held by the observer.

The Point Intercept Method involves the counting of corals present in the area of
observation of the transect line with a 25 cm interval between 2 points.

8 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 3. Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs
Condition Criteria
Excellent 76-100% hard coral cover
Good 51-75% hard coral cover
Fair 26-50% hard coral cover
Poor 0-25% hard coral cover
Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

d. Fish Visual Census

The fish community was assessed by Fish Visual Census (FVC) method. The FVC
was done along the transect line used for the assessment of the coral vegetation. Waiting time
of 10-15 min. was allocated to allow the fishes to resume its normal behavior. The observer
will swim slowly along the transect counting the fishes observed within the 5 m range in both
sides and above the transect line. Major taxonomic group of reef fishes was identified. Total
length of fishes was estimated also to the nearest centimeter. For each transect, this length
will be the average for each major taxa. Fishes were also identified according to the fish
category which includes target species, non-target species and indicator species. For easy
representation of the average number of fishes per category, a pictograph of fish abundance
was shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Pictograph of fish abundance

Number of Fishes Pictograph
> 0-5
> 5-25
>25-125
>125-625
>625
Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

9 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 e. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment
A thorough reconnaissance of the beach forest was carried out in order for the team to
evaluate the variability of vegetation, extent, distribution and complexity of the area for
assessment. Such intuitive view leads the team to a better decision on how the location of the
baseline should be laid out and the corresponding length which will be required.

After conducting the reconnaissance and have reached decision on the location of the
baseline, a first transect perpendicular to the baseline was laid out. Series of quadrats
measuring 10m x 10m along the transect were established (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Beach forest species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the transect line were
identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown diameter were noted
on a prepared field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings and saplings
(regenerations) found inside the 1 m. x 1 m. quadrats which are established in two corners
and middle of each 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x 10m quadrats along the transect
line. After the first transect, series of transect lines were established perpendicular to the
10 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales
 baseline with a 20-meter transect interval, performing the same data collection and
measurements, until at least five percent of the estimated mangrove area were
covered/represented.

Collected data from the field were transcribed from the data sheet into a tabular form.
Data processing and analysis were performed for discussion in the report, using the following
the formulas:

 Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.

2
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula
/4d or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)

 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition
presented in Table 5.

11 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 5. Habitat criteria rating chart for Beach Forest
CONDITION CRITERIA
76% and above in % Crown Cover
1 Regeneration per m2
Excellent
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance
51% – 75% Crown Cover
0.76 – <1 regeneration per m2
Good
3m – <5m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings
26% – 50% Crown Cover
0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
Fair
2m – <3m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor <2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

12 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Socio-Economic Interview
The municipality of Candelaria had eight (8) coastal barangays assessed. During the Socio-
Economic Interview, basic information for each barangay was gathered to create a scenario of the
present situation of the barangays. The table below shows some basic information gathered from the
8 participating coastal barangays of the municipality of Candelaria:

Table 6. Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number of Children of the
Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Barangay Population No. of Average number Average Size of

Households of Children Family
Binabalian 2,072 (2009) 230 7 9
Dampay 1,004 (2008) 143 4-5 6-7
Libertador 1,400 365 5 7
Malabon - 1,200 5-10 10
Malimanga 936 78 6-7 10-12
Panayunan 1,261 158 4-6 6-8
Sinabacan 3,182 (2008) 265 5-8 12
Uacon 3,134 (2007) 392 4-6 6-8

Most of the families in the coastal barangays practice family planning because they undergo
marriage counseling before their wedding. Increase in population has been attributed to natural birth
and migration from other provinces.

Other information gathered during the interview were relative percentage of the community
that have toilets, and source of potable water.

Table 7. Households with toilets and sources of potable water for Coastal Barangays of
Candelaria, Zambales

Barangay Households with toilet Source of Potable Water

Binabalian 99% have toilets Jetmatic/ Artesian Wells
1 public toilet along the
coastal area
Dampay Most of the households Jetmatic/Artesian & Dug
2 public toilets Wells
5 houses use pipe water
Libertador 59 households Jetmatic/artesian Wells
Pipe water
13 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales
 Malabon Almost all houses Jetmatic/Artesian Wells
Dug wells
Malimanga 80% have toilets 85% use Jetmatic/Artesian
Wells/
15% use pipe water
Panayunan Almost all households have Jetmatic / Artesian Wells/
toilets Dug Wells/ Mineral Water
Sinabacan 20% of the households do not Jetmatic / Artesian Wells/
have toilets; mostly along the Dug Wells/ Pipe Water
fishing village
Uacon 90% of the households have Jetmatic/Artesian Wells/
toilets Pipe Water/
10% who do not have toilets Communal Water
share with their naeghbor’s
toilets

Education
Another basic information gathered was the educational attainment of the residents of the
coastal barangays. The parents are mostly elementary and high school graduates, although some
have reached college level. The children on the other hand have reached college level. However, due
to financial constraints some youth have stopped schooling and instead help their parents in making
a living.

Religion
There is a variety of religions in the municipality of Sta. Cruz. The interviewers listed these
religions in each barangay as follows:

a. Barangay Binabalian
- Roman Catholic
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia Ni Cristo
- Jehovah’s Witness
- Baptist Christians
- Seventh Day Adventists

14 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 b. Barangay Dampay
- Roman Catholic
- Baptist Christians
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Mormons
- Jehovah’s Witness

c. Barangay Libertador
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Baptist Christians
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Mormons

d. Barangay Malabon
- Roman Catholic
- Born Again Christians
- Baptist Christians

e. Barangay Malimanga
- Roman Catholic
- Baptist Christians
- Jehovah’s Witness
- Iglesia ni Cristo

f. Barangay Panayunan
- Roman Catholic
- Methodists
- Baptist Christians
- Mormons

15 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 g. Barangay Sinabacan
- Roman Catholic
- Protestants
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Seventh Day Adventists
- Mormons
- Born Again Christians
- Jehovah’s Witnes

h. Barangay Uacon
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Islam
- Seventh Day Adventist
- Born Again Christians
- Methodists
- Baptist Christians

Housing
The materials for the construction of houses in the coastal barangays of Botolan are GI or
cogon for roofing, concrete, buho or sawali for walls, glass or the traditional de-tukod as windows,
concrete, bamboo or earthen flooring.

Community Resources
a. Physical Infrastructures
The following is a table of the existing infrastructures of all the coastal barangays of
Candelaria:

16 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 8. List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales
Barangay Brgy. Hall School Day Care Church Health Others
Center Center
Binabalian Present Elementary Present Baptist; Present Waiting
Catholic; Sheds;
Christian Bridges;
Concrete
Roads;
Basketball
Court; Solar
Dryer;
Barangay
Plaza
Dampay Present Elementary Present - Nutrition Post Basketball
Court;
Barangay
Outpost;
Waiting Shed
Libertador Present Elementary Present Present Barangay Covered
Health Center Court; Senior
Citizen Hall
Malabon Present Elementary Present Catholic; Present Covered
Born Again; Court;
Baptist Bridges
Malimanga Present Elementary - Present Present -
Panayunan Present - - - Present Feeding
Center;
Basketball
Court
Sinabacan Present RMTU Present Catholic Present Barangay
College of Chapel; Plaza;
Nursing; Iglesia ni Covered
School of Cristo; Born Court;
Fisheries HS Again Barangay
Dept.; Roads;
Elementary Bridges;
School Private
Resorts
Uacon Present Elementary Present Present Present Senior Citizen
School Hall; Resorts;
(Private and Gasoline
Public) Station; Rice
Mill;
Hardware

b. Natural Resources
The coastal barangays of Candelaria, Zambales is endowed with different natural resources
that are rated by the respondents during the actual PCRA activities. This table is generated using the
perception of the respondents before the actual habitat assessment was conducted. The following is
the list of natural resources of the barangaysaccording to the respondents:

17 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 9. List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal
Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales
Barangay Coral Sea Tidal Beaches Mangroves Rivers Beach Agricultural Uphill/mountains
Reef Grass flats forest areas
beds
Binabalian Present - Present Present Present - - Present Present
Dampay Present - Present Present - Present - Present Present
Libertador Present - Present Present - Present - Present Present
Malabon - - Present Present Present Present - Present Present
Malimanga Present - Present Present Present Present Present Present
Panayunan Present - Present Present Present Present - Present Present
Sinabacan Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present Present
Uacon Present Present Present Present Present Lake Present Present Present

Livelihood

The major sources of livelihood common in the coastal barangays are fishing, farming, and
employees to government or private establishments. Other livelihoods identified were seasonal labor
as carpenters or masons, vending, construction of tricycle, buying and selling of fruits and
vegetables, Backyard piggery, . Ten (10) percent of the community are dependent on fishing.
Farming is dependent on rainwater and is restricted to one crop per year. Farmers from Barangay
Binabalian, Malabon and Dampay can have 2 or more cropping per year.

Table 10. Average individual income per day of the working class of the Coastal Barangays of
Candelaria, Zambales

Barangay Labor income per day Fishermen’s income

Binabalian 25,000 pesos per harvest 200 pesos per day
Dampay - 200pesos per day
Libertador - 500 pesos per day (peak
season)
Malabon 20,000 pesos per harvest 6,000 per month (peak season)
Malimanga - 3,000 per month (peak season)
Panayunan - 200 pesos per day
Sinabacan 1,500-2,500 per month 1,000 per month
Uacon - 500 pesos per day (peak
season)

18 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

Aquaculture Activities

a. Barangay Binabalian have 3 units of fishpond mainly for household consumption of the
operator.
b. Barangay Libertador has 20 hectares of fishpond area that culture bangus, suwahe, sugpo,
alimango, and tilapia.
c. Barangay Malimanga has fishpond areas that cultures tilapia and bangus.
d. Barangay Panayunan has two 25 hectares of fishpond area that culture bangus and
suwahe.
e. Barangay Sinabacan has 3 backyard ponds owned by private operators and culture
bangus, tilapia and Suahi.

The next table shows the number of fishermen in the coastal barangays and the number of
motorized and non-motorized fishing boats in every barangay.

Table 11. Number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized boats of the coastal Barangays
of Candelaria, Zambales
Barangay Fishermen Motorized fishing Non-motorized
boat fishing boat
Binabalian 65 fishermen 10 20
(30 full time; 35 part
time fishers)
Dampay 16 (full time and 10 8
registered)
Libertador 15 (full time fishers) 20 10
30 (part-time fishers)
Malabon 20 (full time fishers) 4 10
20 (part-time fishers)
Malimanga 80% of the 3 7
community are fishers
of which 40% are full
time fishers; 20
fishers are registered
fisherfolk
Panayunan 15 1 6
Sinabacan - 20 10
Uacon 40% of the heads of 30 20
households

19 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 12. Skills Inventory and Past and Present Livelihood in Candelaria, Zambales

RECOMMENDATION
LIVELIHOOD ASSISTING STATUS SKILLS (pursue, not pursue,
PROJECTS ORGANIZATION (existing,growing,lost) AVAILABLE expand,pilot test,
modify,etc.
MALIMANGA
Swine dispersal swine
(2004) DA not existing raising continue but modify
Cow disperal
(1989) DA not existing cow raising continue but modify

DAMPAY
Fish vending lending institution not existing continue but modify
Hog dispersal PVO not existing hog raising continue but modify

BINABALIAN
Hog dispersal DA not existing hog raising continue but modify
Bottom set gill net DA-BFAR not existing Fishing continue but modify

Fishing Activities

Fishing activities are done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used are
lambat palubog, lambat palutang, pana, kawil, bubo, hila-hila, largarete, sensuro, pamusit, sigpaw
(scoop net), sudsod, baklad, singgapong and kitang.

The common fish species caught in the waters of Candelaria are aligasin, alimango,
alimasag, alumahan, asu-os, babayote, balaki, banak, bangus, barelyete, batalay, bisugo, bonito,
dalagang bukid, danggit, dilis, dual, galunggong, hapal, hasa-hasa, hipon, kabalyas, kilong-kilong,
kubalam, kulanggutan, lapu-lapu, lip-lip, lobster, lugho (snapper), blue marlin, matambaka, maya-
maya, mayubyob, molyawon, monamon, mulabi, mulmol, ora-or, pagi, palos, papakol, pating,
pugita, posit, salay-salay, samara, sapsap, sugpo, sungayan, susay, talakatak, talakitok, talangka,
tamban, tanigue, tarian, tarungaw, tirong, titong, torsilyo, and tuna.

Amihan and Habagat are the common trade winds of all the coastal barangays.

20 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 The increase in population, increase in the number of fishers and rampant practice of illegal
fishing activities (e.g. dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing) in almost all barangays have contributed to
the continuous degradation of the marine environment which resulted to decreases in fish catch that
is being experienced until today. Respondents also claim that siltation caused by the eruption of
Mount Pinatubo also is a cause of decrease in fish catch. Other respondents added that the
proliferation of commercial fishing boats also contributed in the decrease in their daily catch. Mining
has also affected the catch of fishermen due to the rampant disposal of effluents from their
operations. Furthermore, some respondents claim that the establishment of payaos (FADs) has
prevented the fish from entering the municipal waters as also one of the reasons in the decline of
their fish catch. In addition, global warming and the discharges of NAPOCOR, according to
respondents, have also greatly affected their fish catch.

Solid Waste Management

There is minimal problem with waste eradication in all the barangays of Candelaria
Sometimes, dead animals and other natural wastes like dead seagrass, logs and coconut husks are
usually seen after typhoons. Residents of all the barangays dispose their garbage through burning or
by burying. However, some residents are disposing their garbage by throwing it to the coast.

People’s Organizations

The coastal barangays of Candelaria have various people’s organizations. The following
table will show the different organizations.

Table13. People’s Organizations of the Coastal Barangays of Candelaria, Zambales

Peoples Date Established Formal or Main Functions/Area of

Organization Informal Concern
Binabalian
KALIPI (formerly March 13, 2009
Zambaleña)
Banabalian Farmers 1972 Active/Formal Cooperative, rice retailer
Association
21 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales
Farmers Association 2008 (100 members) Tending (fertilizer)
of Sto. Rosario
CARE Foundation Private Resettlement
(founded by Gen.
Sumabat)

Malabon
Samahang 2002 Formal Livelihood
Mangingisda ng
Liglig Ambay
BFARMC
(reorganization)

Dampay
Dampay Fisherfolk 2000 Formal (Nov. 23, Livelihood
Association (DFA) 2000)
KALIPI March 25, 2009 Livelihood/women’s right
Samahan ng
Mangingisda ng
Candelaria
(SAMACA)

Malimanga
Malimanga Fisherfolk 1980’s Formal Livelihood, environmental
Association protection
Malimanga, Malabon, 2004 Formal Livelihood
Sinabacan Farmers
Association

KALIPI (National 1980’s Livelihood

Organization)

Uacon
KALIPI (formerly Formal
Zambaleña)
FARMC
Bague Neighborhood
Association
Samahan ng 2002 Formal Livelihood
Magsasaka ng
Candelaria

Libertador
KAISA (during Inactive Livelihood
Marcos reign)
KALIPI

22 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

Panayonan
KALIPI (formerly 2 weeks in
Zambaleña) Panayonan
Pinagrealam
Green Planters
Cooperative
Malatapi Multi-
Purpose Cooperative
Labitapi Multi-
Purpose Cooperative

External Supporting Agencies

The following is the lists of agencies that support the different coastal barangays of the
municipality of Candelaria, Zambales are: Department of Agriculture, Department of Social Welfare
and Development, Municipal Government of Candelaria, Philippine National Red Cross, Bureau of
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources, Philippine Asia (mining company), Office of the Congressman,
Office of the Governor, Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Provincial Agriculturist
Office, NGOs, Lending Institutions, Private Individuals, and KALIPI.

Coastal Resource Management

The municipality of Candelaria has an existing Coastal Resource Assessment Program that is
conducted every year. Their recent activity involves the gathering of “crown of thorns”, a large
nocturnal sea star that preys upon coral polyps. For only five days, divers have already collected
approximately three thousand (3,000) crown of thorns.

Barangay Binabalian has no existing Coastal Resource Management programs/activities.

Due to destructive activities being practiced by unscrupulous fishermen, the people fear that
someday Lauis River might overflow and that soil erosion and flash flood will likely to occur. In
1970’s, mangroves are being cut and used as firewood for salt making. At present, some mangrove
area is converted into ricefields.

23 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Barangay Dampay has an annual coastal clean-up sponsored by Bantay Dagat and Barangay
Council. The community opposes the establishment of fish cages in the area because this would
contribute to water pollution. Black sand mining is also a threat to the community.

Barangay Libertador has an existing Marine Protected Area (MPA). The MPA used to have
marker buoys but when these buoys were damaged, they were not replaced. According to the
communities, fisheries laws are no longer strictly implemented for the protection of the MPA in the
area. Coastal cleanup activities are voluntarily done by the community.

Barangay Sinabacan is fully aware of the importance of Coastal Resource Management.

Among the CRM-related activities being done in the area are the following:

• Maintenance of the fish sanctuaries (One of the sanctuaries of Candelaria is located in

Barangay Sinabacan)

• Mangrove reforestation is done yearly. In 2007, a Non Government Organization

(NGO) initiated a mangrove reforestation in cooperation with the Local Government
Unit (LGU). At present, mangrove reforestation is initiated and funded by the LGU.

• Coastal clean –up is regularly done by the residents.

• Candelaria has an existing Coastal Resource Assessment which is being conducted

every year.

The community has observed that there is an area along the shore of Barangay Sinabacan,
where sea turtle lay eggs.

Barangay Malabon has mangrove reforestation and coastal clean-up activities which are
being participated by the community members and Non Government Organization (NGO).

The fisherfolk of Barangay Malimanga and the Local Government of Candelaria conducted
mangrove reforestation sponsored by Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation Inc.
(PTFCFI). The fisherfolk and LGU also conducted regular coastal clean-up. One of the main
functions of Malimanga Fisherfolk Association (MFA) is to protect the coastal environment.

24 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Barangay Panayunan presently has no existing programs/activities on Coastal Resource
Management.

Barangay Uacon has an existing mangrove reforestation project which was initiated by the
Samahan ng Magsasaka sa Candelaria (SAMACA). Also, a Non Government Organization (NGO)
spearheads a coastal clean-up project in the area.

Law Enforcement

Barangay Binabalian has an active Bantay Dagat. The Philippine National Police (PNP),
Coast Guard and Barangay Tanod are available when their services are needed during law
enforcement activities. Some community member have attended seminar on Peace and Order.

The Bantay Dagat in Barangay Dampay is the only coastal law enforcement group existing in
the community. The community is satisfied with the performance of Bantay Dagat. They have full
compliance when it comes to CRM laws.

Bantay Dagat of Libertador and Panayunan are inactive but the people have still full
compliance to existing CRM related rules. The community believed that outsiders are most likely
the ones who violate the CRM laws.

Barangay Malabon has an active Bantay Dagat. The police also participate in enforcing
coastal laws in the area.

Barangay Malimanga has an active Bantay Dagat. The Bantay Dagat operates daily in the
coastal waters of the community. Strict implementation of coastal law, information dissemination
and setting up of markers or demarcation line that would separate the sanctuary and fishing area are
the suggested coastal management solutions to issues on boundaries. The LGU also conducted
paralegal training on coastal law entitled “Tanggol Kalikasan at Saligan”

25 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 The Bantay Dagat members of Barangay Sinabacan take turn in patrolling within the
municipal waters of Candelaria especially in Barangay Libertador, Malimanga and Uacon where the
Marine Protected Area is located. The area is being guarded for twenty four hours.

Issues and Concerns

The following table presents the issues and concerns raised by the community during the
PCRA:

Table 14. Isuess and Concerns, by Barangay

BARANGAY ISSUES PROPOSAL
Binabalian • decline of fish catch • related programs
• alternative livelihood
Malabon • Lack of livelihood • Establishment of payao
opportunities • Training on fish processing
• Provision of Bigasang Barangay
.
Sinabacan • Illegal fishing practices • Provision of big bancas
• Lack of livelihood opportunities

Dampay • decline of fish catch Alternative livelihood such as poultry,

• Lack of alternative livelihood. hog raising, meat/fish processing, soap
making and sari-sari store.
Malimanga • decline of fish catch • Alternative livelihood

Libertador • Irrigation system • Provision of livelihood projects

(Poultry, backyard piggery, meat
processing)
Panayonan • Lack of livelihood • Alternative livelihood
opportunities • Skills training (dressmaking, food
processing, welding/heavy
equipment operation)
• Provision of farm machineries for
rent
North Poblacion • Domestic wastes and pollution • Livelihood projects for the fisherfolk
• Lack of livelihood (both men and women)
opportunities (fishermen want • Upgrading of banca from non
to stop fishing because income motorized to motorized
from fishing is not dependable
anymore due to declining fish

26 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 catch. They want to shift to
other work but it is not easy for
them because of unavailability
of work suited for their skills
and lack of capital to start
with).
Uacon • Lack of livelihood • Alternative livelihood for women
opportunities
• Agricultural inputs for farmers

B. Habitat Assessment

The assessment of the coastal barangays was conducted to evaluate the present biological
status of its waters. This will serve as a vantage point data for the municipality of Candearia for
future reference purposes and to identify new feasible livelihood projects related to issues
concerning the marine resources of the entire municipality. This will also help in the management of
coastal zone especially in the conservation and rehabilitation of marine habitats.

Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are warm, clear, shallow ocean habitats that are rich in life. The reef's massive
structure is formed from coral polyps, tiny animals that live in colonies. When coral polyps die,
they leave behind a hard, stony, branching structure made of limestone. Coral reefs are compared to
rainforest in terms of productivity, diversity and ecological complexity. Coastal communities also
depend on this ecosystem as a source of food ranging from daily subsidence to commercial scale and
various ornamental products. But due to adverse human impact, the resources in the coral reef area
are being degraded and nearly in great danger.

Coral reefs provide a wide variety of habitats, each with its own set of characteristic species.
Differences in the degree of proximity to the coast, exposure to wave action, currents, light levels,
the amount of algae, plankton and other food, and the abundance, shape, and varieties of corals and

27 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

other shelter combine to create a large variety of different places to be exploited. These places are
occupied by random assemblages of a usually large number of species of fishes.

The quadrat method was used to accurately quantify the status the coral reef in the coastal
barangays of Candelaria, Zambales. Table 15 shows the consolidated percentages of the coral reef
assessment of the coastal barangays, and the pie chart gives an overview of the composition
computed as the coral reef status of Candelaria, Zambales.

Table 15. Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays of

Candelaria, Zambales
SC PLANTS OTHER SAND/
BARANGAY LHC WDC DCA ANIMALS RUBBLE SILT TOTAL
BINABALIAN 8.3 0 4 10 25 0 19.4 35 100
DAMPAY 10.5 0.5 6 0 4.5 0 51 26 100
LIBERTADOR 9.7 0 0 0 8.5 0 35.8 46 100
MALIMANGA 13 0 15.5 4 3.5 0 61 3 100
PANAYUNAN 19.5 0 11.5 6 0 0 30 20 100
SINABACAN 6.6 0 29.8 4 2 0 52.5 9.5 100
UACON 6.5 0 5.5 3.5 6 0 45 33.5 100
Average 0.5 100
10.585 10.32 3.92 7.071 0 42.1 24.71

28 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 In general, the municipality of Candelaria has a poor coral reef condition with an average of
11% hard coral cover. The data is represented by seven (7) coastal barangays which were surveyed
using the quadrat method. No coral reef was seen on Barangay Malabon. This can be attributed to
illegal and legal activities. Illegal activities like dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing, trawl fishing in
municipal waters, and quarrying of stones and dead corals are destructive to the coastal resources.
Furthermore, the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo has severely affected the coastal barangays especially
their coral reef habitats. Discharges from NAPOCOR, global warming, crown of thorns starfish
infestation are also reasons that has contributed to the poor condition the coral reef of Candelaria
Zambales.

Fish Visual

Of all the creatures dwelling on coral reefs, none are more active or obvious than the fishes.
Perhaps more than any other single components of the reef communities, fishes provide the best
opportunity to observe essential features of reef ecology.

The most striking feature of reef fish is their diversity, in terms of both species number and
the range of morphologies. An estimated 4000 (18% of all living fishes) species of fish live on coral
reefs and associated habitats of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and this number increases as
new exploratory surveys are done. The high diversity of the fish communities in the coral reefs is
maintained mainly by the complexity of these places that provide different ways for fishes to feed,
live and reproduce. (Roch, L. A., 2005. Coral Reef Fishes).

Coral reef fishes are of considerable economic value to the adjacent coastal cities. There are
artisanal, professional and recreational fisheries in developing and developed countries around the
world, and there are some target selected high value species.

During the actual conduct of fish visual census, the following species of fish are noted to be
present in the waters of the coastal barangays of Candelaria, Zambales:

29 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 16. Fish Species Observed in Candelaria, Zambales
Scientific Name Common Name Total Average (%)
Acanthurus sp. Surgeon fish 287 19.00662252
Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 155 10.26490066
Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 183 12.1192053
Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 247 16.35761589
Abuldefdaf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 243 16.09271523
Coris batuensis Wrasse 219 14.50331126
Lutjanus sp. Snapper 4 0.264900662
Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 47 3.112582781
Scolopsis bilineatus Coral bream 36 2.38410596
Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol 27 1.78807947
Lethrinus harak Emperor 7 0.463576159
Caesio cunning Fusilier 17 1.125827815
Siganus gutatus Rabbitfish 23 1.523178808
Parupeneus indicus Goatfish 15 0.993377483
Total 1,510 100

30 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 The census implores that the fish abundance in the waters of Candelaria is good, and the
diversity of fish species is high. Further protection on the natural habitats of fish species will surely
give high assurance of a double in the abundance and diversity of fish species in the future.

Seagrass Beds

No seagrass were observed during the actual assessment in all the coastal barangays of
Candelaria, Zambales except for Barangay Sinabacan and Uacon.

In Barangay Sinabacan the species mostly identified in the area were the species of algae
(Padina sp. and Sargassum sp.). The area being assessed characterized with silt and muddy substrate
with water depth of 20 – 25 meters. There were patches of the seagrass observed outside the transect
line.

31 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 In Barangay Uacon the seagrass bed habitas is composed of Syringodium isoetiolium at
20.9%, Thalassia hemprichii at 27%, Enhalus accoroides at 3% and Halodule uninervis at 8.3%
with the remainder percentage being sand at 40.8 percent.

Mangroves

A thorough reconnaissance of the mangrove habitat was carried out in order for the team to
evaluate the variability of vegetation, extent, distribution and complexity of the area for assessment.
Such intuitive view leads the team to a better decision on how the location of the baseline should be
laid out and the corresponding length which will be required.

The mangrove assessment covered an aggregate sampling area of some 26.8 hectares of
mangroves within Barangay Binabalian, Malabon, Malimanga, Panayonan, Sinabacan and Uacon in
the municipality of Candelaria. A total of 26 transect lines and 134 quadrats were established on
these sites.

The assessment results indicate that 17 mangrove species can be found in the municipality
Candelaria. The predominant ones being Bakauan-lalaki (Rhizophora apiculata), Pagatpat
(Sonneratia alba), and Tinduk-tindukan (Aegiceras floridum). The total number of trees is 1,917,
with Bakauan-lalaki as the most dominant comprising about 40.22% of all trees recorded.

Most number of trees was enumerated in Barangay Sinabacan with 612 trees (31.92% of all
trees), Brgy. Uacon with 388 trees (20.24%), and Brgy. Binabalian with 368 trees (19.20%).

1. Barangay Binabalian: Twenty quadrats within 10 transects were established with an area
of 2,000 sq. meters. A total of 368 trees were enumerated belonging to 11 species, as showed in
Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding
graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Bakauan-lalaki with 146 trees
and accounted for 39.67% of all the individuals. Other species found in the area are listed in Table
18, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the

32 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

lowest was recorded at 1 meter while 7 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all
the individuals encountered was computed at 3.88 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed
as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was
2,161.27 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown cover
(2,161.27 m2) divided by 2,000 m2 (20 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown
cover of 108.06 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 60 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the
plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Binabalian mangrove site
was 71 individuals within the 60 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed
mangrove site was 1.18 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the
mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy.
Binabalian was found to be generally in GOOD condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

Mangrove forests are among the most productive ecosystems, providing an array of
significant uses. Specifically, mangrove forests perform various economic and ecological functions.
These include: protection of coastlines or shoreline stabilization; habitat, nursery and breeding
ground for different fish species, birds and other fauna; source of fuelwood, timber, poles, and boats.
However, this existence may be threatened due to its proximity to the community and its location as
identified in this island barangay. This was asserted based on the slight disturbances and few
cuttings observed within the site.

2. Barangay Malabon: Twenty-two quadrats within two transects were established with an
area of 2,200 sq. meters. A total of 170 trees were enumerated belonging to nine species, as showed
in Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding
graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Pagatpat with 60 trees and
accounted for 35.29% of all the individuals. Other species found in the area are listed in Table 18,

33 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the
lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 8 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of
all the individuals encountered was computed at 5.26 meters. Crown cover for each tree was
computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species
was 626.42 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown
cover (626.42 m2) divided by 2,200 m2 (22 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown
cover of 28.47 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 66 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the
plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Malabon mangrove site was
14 individuals within the 66 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed
mangrove site was 0.21 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the
mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy.
Malabon was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

3. Barangay Malimanga: Fourteen quadrats within two transects were established with
an area of 1,400 sq. meters. A total of 122 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as
showed in Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Piapi with 41
trees and accounted for 33.61% of all the individuals. Other species found in the area are listed in
Table 18, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees
at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 7 meters at the highest measurement. The average
height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 4.56 meters. Crown cover for each tree
was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all
species was 204.17 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total
crown cover (204.17 m2) divided by 1,400 m2 (14 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent
crown cover of 14.58 %.

34 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 42 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the
plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Malimanga mangrove site
was 11 individuals within the 42 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed
mangrove site was 0.26 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the
mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy.
Malimanga was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

4. Barangay Panayunan: Eleven quadrats within three transects were established with an
area of 1,100 sq. meters. A total of 257 trees were enumerated belonging to six species, as showed
in Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding
graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Api-api and Tinduk-tindukan,
both with 83 trees and accounted for 39.67% each of all the individuals. Other species found in the
area are listed in Table 18, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the
mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 1 meter while 9.5 meters at the highest measurement.
The average height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 3.68 meters. Crown cover
for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown
cover for all species was 960.68 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was
computed as total crown cover (960.68 m2) divided by 1,100 m2 (11 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to
computed percent crown cover of 87.33 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The regeneration
results were based on 33 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the plot and at the
middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Panayonan mangrove site was 53
individuals within the 33 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove
site was 1.61 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove
site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

35 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy.
Panayonan was found to be generally in GOOD condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

5. Barangay Sinabacan: Thirty quadrats within four transects were established with an
area of 3,000 sq. meters. A total of 612 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as
showed in Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Bakauan-lalaki
with 235 trees and accounted for 38.40% of all the individuals. Other species found in the area are
listed in Table 18, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the
mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 2 meters while 8 meters at the highest measurement.
The average height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 4.57 meters. Crown cover
for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown
cover for all species was 1,816.53 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was
computed as total crown cover (1,816.53 m2) divided by 3,000 m2 (30 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting
to computed percent crown cover of 60.55 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 90 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the
plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Sinabacan mangrove site
was 36 individuals within the 90 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed
mangrove site was 0.40 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the
mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy.
Sinabacan was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

36 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

6. Barangay Uacon: Thirty-seven quadrats within five transects were established
with an area of 3,700 sq. meters. A total of 388 trees were enumerated belonging to three species, as
showed in Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Bakauan-lalaki
with 350 trees and accounted for 90.21% of all the individuals. Other species found in the area are
listed in Table 18, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the
mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 9.5 meters at the highest measurement.
The average height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 6.59 meters. Crown cover
for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown
cover for all species was 6,006.52 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was
computed as total crown cover (6,006.52 m2) divided by 3,700 m2 (37 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting
to computed percent crown cover of 162.34 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 111 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite corners of the
plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy. Uacon mangrove site was
90 individuals within the 111 regeneration plots. The computed regeneration for the assessed
mangrove site was 0.81 regenerations per square meter. Summary of computed parameters for the
mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following the table on
Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Mangove site in Brgy. Uacon
was found to be generally in GOOD condition based on the computed parameters and disturbance
observations recorded in the field.

37 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 17. Summary of Computed Parameters per Assessed Barangay.
CRITERIA
Total Area of
Total Area
All Sampled Percent Regeneration Habitat
BARANGAY Sampled Average
Quadrats (%) Crown per Square Condition
(Has.) Height (m)
(sq.m) Cover Meter

Binabalian 4 2,000 108.06 3.88 1.18 Good

Malabon 4.4 2,200 28.47 5.26 0.21 Fair
Malimanga 2.8 1,400 14.58 4.56 0.26 Fair
Panayonan 2.2 1,100 87.33 3.68 1.61 Good
Sinabacan 6 3,000 60.55 4.57 0.40 Fair
Uacon 7.4 3,700 162.34 6.59 0.81 Good
TOTAL /
26.8 13,400 76.89 4.76 0.75
AVE.

Percent (%) Crown Cover per Assessed Barangay

Candelaria, Zambales

180.00 162.34
160.00
140.00
120.00 108.06

100.00 87.33
80.00
60.55
60.00
40.00 28.47
14.58
20.00
0.00
Binabalian Malabon Malimanga Panayonan Sinabacan Uacon

38 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Regeneration per Square Meter per Assessed Barangay
Candelaria, Zambales

1.80
1.61
1.60
1.40
1.18
1.20
1.00
0.81
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.40 0.26
0.21
0.20
0.00
Binabalian Malabon Malimanga Panayonan Sinabacan Uacon

Average Height of Trees (meter) per Assessed Barangay

Candelaria, Zambales

7.00 6.59

6.00
5.26
5.00 4.56 4.57
3.88
4.00 3.68

3.00

2.00

1.00

0.00
Binabalian Malabon Malimanga Panayonan Sinabacan Uacon

39 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Table 18. Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay
BARANGAY
SPECIES TOTAL
Binabalian Malabon Malimanga Panayonan Sinabacan Uacon
Api-api 12 11 83 11 117
Bakauan-babae 57 13 70
Bakauan-lalaki 146 4 10 26 235 350 771
Bungalon 1 1
Busain 19 19
Buta-buta 36 1 38 75
Kalapini 6 3 9
Kulasi 45 18 63
Malatangal 7 7
Nipa 66 30 96
Pagatpat 1 60 25 45 101 35 267
Palopanoy 20 20
Piapi 11 28 41 38 118
Pototan 1 2 3
Tabigi 17 17
Tangal 5 7 12
Tinduk-tindukan 10 83 159 252
TOTAL 368 170 122 257 612 388 1,917

Total Number of Trees Encountered in the Assessed Barangays

Candelaria, Zambales

Binabalian, 368 ,
19%
Malabon, 170 , 9%

Malimanga, 122 , 6%

Uacon, 388 , 20%

Panayonan, 257 ,
13%

Sinabacan, 612 ,
33%

40 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Total Number of Trees per Species

Candelaria, Zambales
Tangal, 12, 1% Tinduk-tindukan, 252,
Tabigi, 17, 1% 13% Api-api, 117, 6%

Bakauan-babae, 70,
Pototan, 3, 0% 4%
Piapi, 118, 6%

Palopanoy, 20, 1%

Pagatpat, 267, 14%

Nipa, 96, 5% Bungalon, 1, 0% Bakauan-lalaki, 771,

Malatangal, 7, 0% 40%
Bus ain, 19, 1%
Kulas i, 63, 3%
Buta-buta, 75, 4%
Kalapini, 9, 0%

Table 19. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays

Barangay Total Number of Species Total Number of Trees

Binabalian 11 368
Malabon 9 170
Malimanga 7 122
Panayonan 6 257
Sinabacan 7 612
Uacon 3 388
1,917

Total Number of Species and Number of Trees in the Assessed Barangays

Candelaria, Zambales

700
612
600

500
388
400 368

300 257

200 170
122
100
11 9 7 6 7 3
0
Binabalian Malabon Malimanga Panayonan Sinabacan Uacon

Total Number of Species Total Number of Trees

41 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

Beach Forest

Beach forest is a narrow strip of woodland along the sandy and gravelly beaches of the
seacoast which has a unique species mix that integrates with various beach transitions landward.
This type of forest plays a critical role in maintaining the coastline and is often neglected as an
important ecosystem. Beach forest species of the seacoast are predominantly Talisay
(Terminalia catappa), Agoho (Casuarina equisetifolia), Botong (Barringtonia asiatica), Pedada
(Sonneratia caseolaris), Aroma (Acacia farnesiana) and Erythrina orientalis. Pure stands of
palms are not the natural vegetation of the beach forest ecosystem. It is sometimes indicative of
an altered/ disturbed habitat. At present, beach forest is generally an endangered habitat because
of coastal development such as human habitation and cultivation and coconut plantations.

The beach habitat assessment covered an aggregate sampling area of some 8.6 hectares of
beach forest within Barangay Sinabacan and Barangay Uacon in the municipality of Candelaria,
Zambales. A total of 14 transect lines and 43 quadrats were established on these sites.

The assessment results indicated that eight (8) beach forest species can be found in
Candelaria. The predominant ones being Coconut, Talisay and Agoho. The total number of trees
is 124, with Coconut as the most dominant comprising about 41.13% of all trees recorded.
Higher number of trees was enumerated in Barangay Uacon with 74 trees (59.68% of all trees).

1. Barangay Sinabacan: Five quadrats within one transect were established with an area of 500
sq. meters. A total of 50 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as showed in Table
22. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding graphical
presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Coconut with 12 individuals and
accounted for 24% of all the trees. Other species found in the area are listed in Table 21,
Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the trees at the lowest was
recorded at 5 meters while 15 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the
individuals encountered was computed at 7.1 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed
as 0.7854 (average crown diameter) 2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was
452.64 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown

42 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

cover (452.64 m2) divided by 500 m2 (5 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown
cover of 90.53 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 15 regeneration plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. There was no recorded regeneration within the plots.
Summary of computed parameters for the assessed beach forest are listed in Table 1 and showed
in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed beach forest was determined following the table on
Beach Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Beach Forest in Brgy.
Sinabacan was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters and
disturbance observations recorded in the field.

2. Barangay Uacon: Thirty-eight quadrats within 13 transects were established with an area of
3,800 sq. meters. A total of 74 trees were enumerated belonging to five species, as showed in
Table 22. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding
graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Coconut with 39 individuals
and accounted for 52.70% of all the trees. Other species found in the area are listed in Table 21,
Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the trees at the lowest was
recorded at 3 meters while 19 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the
individuals encountered was computed at 6.36 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed
as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was
574.86 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown
cover (574.86 m2) divided by 3,800 m2 (38 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent
crown cover of 15.13 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment. The
regeneration results were based on 114 regeneration plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. There was no recorded regeneration within the plots.
Summary of computed parameters for the assessed beach forest are listed in Table 1 and showed
in graphs.

43 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 The general condition of the assessed beach forest was determined following the table on
Beach Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Beach Forest in Brgy. Uacon
was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed parameters and disturbance
observations recorded in the field.

Table 20. Summary of Computed Parameters per Assessed Barangay

Total Total Area of CRITERIA
Area All Sampled Percent (%) Average Regeneration Habitat
BARANGAY
Sampled Quadrats Crown Height per Square Condition
(Has.) (sq.m.) Cover (m) Meter
Sinabacan 1 500 90.53 7.10 0.00 Fair
Uacon 7.6 3,800 15.13 6.36 0.00 Fair
TOTAL / AVE. 8.6 4,300 52.83 6.73 0.00

Percent (%) Crow n Cover per Average Height of Trees (m eter) per
Assessed Barangay Assessed Barangay
Candelaria, Zambales Candelaria, Zambales

90.53

100.00 7.50 7.10

80.00 7.00
6.36
60.00
6.50
40.00 15.13
6.00
20.00
0.00 5.50
Sinabacan Uacon Sinabacan Uacon

Table 21. Summary of Encountered Species

Per Assessed Barangay
BARANGAY
SPECIES Total Num ber of Trees Ecountered in
Sinabacan Uacon TOTAL
the Assessed Barangays
Agoho 11 22 33 Candelaria, Zambales
Aroma 3 3 Sinabacan
Auri 10 10 , 50,
Coconut 12 39 51 40.32%
Ipil-ipil 3 3
Mango 2 1 3
Sampalok 1 1
Talisay 11 9 20 Uacon,
TOTAL 50 74 124 74,
59.68%

44 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 Total Number of Trees Per Species

Aroma, 3, 2.42% Auri, 10, 8.06%

Agoho, 33, 26.61%

Coconut, 51,
41.13%

Talisay, 20, 16.13%

Sampalok, 1, 0.81% Ipil-ipil, 3, 2.42%

Mango, 3, 2.42%

Table 22. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays
BARANGAY Total Number of Trees Species Composition
Sinabacan 50 7
Uacon 74 5

Total Number of Species and Number of Trees in the Assessed

Barangays

74
100
50

50 7 5

0
Sinabacan Uacon
Total Number of Trees Species Composition

45 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

IV. Summary/Conclusion
The Municipality of Candelaria is richly endowed with natural resources which the
people can use for their livelihood. However illegal activities coupled with population increase
puts too much pressure on these resources. The poor condition of the coral reefs suggests that
CRM-related activities must be initiated to prevent further destruction of the existing reefs and
somehow improve their condition.

In the course of the assessment activity, it was noted that in view of attaining
management and monitoring activities, involvement of the local communities is vital. The
collaborative efforts between local communities and other agencies make it possible to realize
significant impact towards monitoring activities and sustainable management of the coastal
resources. Such activities may include involvement of the local community to field survey and
census techniques such as parataxonomy.

46 PCRA Reports of the Municipality of Candelaria, Zambales

 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY BINABALIAN, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics
1. Location

Barangay Binabalian lies between the coordinates of 15º34’58” N and 119º 55’
58” E. The barangay has 1.7 km. length of coastline and a total of 25.5 km² water
area.

Figure 1: Location Map of Barangay Binabalian

 P age |2

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Binabalian, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, has two

pronounced seasons, dry from March to May and wet season from June to September.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Binabalian has a total population of 2,072 (CY 2009 data). The
average number of children in the family is seven (7). Seventy five percent of the
couples in Barangay Binabalian practice family planning and the most common
family planning methods being adopted by couples in the barangay are pills, (DMPS)
injectables, IUD, ligation and natural method. Usually the young and newly wed
couples are the ones who practice family planning. Though most couples practice
family planning method, population of Barangay Binabalian is still increasing because
of natural birth and migration from Visayas region.

Ninety percent (90%) of the community members are devoted Roman Catholic
while the rest are Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witness, Baptists, Born Again and
Seventh-day Adventists.

When it comes to education, the parents are high school graduates while their
children are now studying in colleges/universities in the province. However due to
limited financial resources, many have stopped schooling. The scholarships being
offered by a politician is a big help for deserving students who wants to pursue their
education in college. There are some families on the other hand who raised funds
during their annual family reunions to sponsor the education of their relatives.

The houses in Barangay Binabalian are 85% made of G.I. sheets and 15%
nipa/cogon for roofing. The walls are 60% made of cement and 40% nipa/coconut
fronds/bamboo. The window is usually made of bamboo/nipa/coconut fronds (80%)
and 20% made of glass. Flooring materials are usually made of cement, 20% tile and
 P age |3

5% bamboo. About 99% of the houses have toilets. There is one public toilet along
the coastal area.

The sole source of water in barangay Binabalian is jetmatic/artesian well which is

used for drinking and other domestic use.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

The community infrastructures present in Barangay Binabalian are:

• Day Care Center

• Barangay Hall
• Health Center
• Elementary School
• Waiting sheds
• Bridges
• Concrete Roads
• Basketball Court
• Solar Dryer
• Barangay Plaza
• Church
- Baptist
- Catholic
- Christian

b. Natural Resources
Brgy. Binabalian has coastal resources that include beach area, mangrove
area, agricultural area and reef shoals. They serve as a source of food and income
for the villagers that have access to these resources. The hill (burol) is being
 P age |4

used as pastureland by the community and this is where gathering of “igwal”

takes place. On the other hand, gleaning is the major activity of the people living
near the mangrove area. They gather suso and balisara. Major activities in the
beach area are collecting crabs and “tuatla” as well as various recreational
activities. The beach foreshore area is being planted by assorted fruit-bearing
trees and being utilized as residential area.

Black sand mining, dynamite fishing, converting of mangrove into

ricefield, waste disposal from NAPOCOR and chromite mining are the
identified activities destructive to the coastal area. In addition, destructive
fishing practices including the use of sodium cyanide seriously damage coral
communities and the fish that live in them.
P age |5
 P age |6

Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Barangay Binabalian

 P age |7

Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Barangay Binabalian

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area bed) water)
Mga likas na Fruit bearing absent Firewood, fruit bearing shells absent Surgeon fishes
kayamanan trees, shells, trees fish, parrot
(natural vegetables bakawan fish,
resources) lalaki, butterfly
bakawan fish, damsel
babae, buta- fish,
buta, nipa, sergeant fish
tabigi, piapi,
api-api,
bungalon
Mga uri ng Farming, Vinegar Recreation gleaning fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga fishing making, area
pagkakataon gleaning
(types of
livelihood,
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) livelihood fishing fishing
opportunities
 P age |8

3. Livelihood

The people of Barangay Binabalian have various choices for livelihood. Farming,
fishing, employment, vending and seasonal labor like carpentry are the common
sources of income of the people. Approximately 70% of the community is dependent
on farming and 20% on fishing while the remaining 10% are private and government
employees, vendor and manual laborers. The farmers of Barangay Binabalian have
two croppings or more per year because the area is irrigated and the major source of
irrigation water is from Lauis River. Usually farming is done by family members and
has an estimated income of P25, 000 per cropping. The vendors usually market
seasoned fish and vegetables.

There are approximately ten (10) motorized and twenty (20) non motorized
bancas present in the area. Barangay Binabalian has around sixty five (65) numbers of
fishers, thirty (30) are full time and thirty five (35) are part time fishers.
Approximately, 90% of fishers are registered at the municipality. The estimated
average monthly income of fishermen is P3, 000.00.

In the aquaculture sub-sector, three units of fishpond are present in the area. The
production of fishpond is mainly for household consumption of the operator.

Selected Barangay Health Worker (BHW) has attended trainings on Food

Processing and Preservation sponsored by the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) last December, 2007. The DA-BFAR in 2008 has conducted
training in fish deboning.

To augment their daily income, the community wishes to operate backyard

piggery, poultry, bagoong making, tinapa making and salt making. Additional
knowledge on mango production and fish processing may help them improve their
skills.
 P age |9

4. Fishing Activities

The calendar diagram illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch in the

community. Fishing operation was done all through out the year. The most common
fishing gears used in the area are; pamusit, pana, kawil and lambat. Pamusit is used
in the month of October to May while pana is used from April to middle of May. On
the other hand, kawil is used from March to May and October to December and
lambat, which is the most common fishing gear in the area is from January to
December.. Pusit, pugita, dual, talakitok, bisugo, talakatak, pating, pagi, susay,
sapsap, bangus, mulabi, flying fish and batalay are the common species being caught
by the fisherfolk. All fishers in Barangay Binabalian operate in the municipal waters
of Candelaria.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Pamusit Posit, pugita

Isdang bato
Pana

Kawil Dual, talakitok, bisugo

Lambat Mulabi, flying fish, sapsap, batalay

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram of Barangay Binabalian

 P a g e | 10

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present.
Fisherfolk have observed that fish catch has decreased tremendously. In 1960’s to
1970’s, fish catch was still abundant despite of simple gears. From 1970’s to 1980’s,
there was a slight decline in catch because of increased number of fishers. The
continuous decline was observed starting in 1990s up to the present. The major
reasons for the decline are due to illegal fishing activities like dynamite fishing.
Mining and quarrying also contributes to this because these activities destroy the
home of different fishes. At present, fishers claimed that the fish catch is good only
for daily consumption.

Figure 4: Trend Diagram of Barangay Binabalian

 P a g e | 11

D. Institutional Aspects
1. Community Organizations

People’s Organization (POs) When Formal or Main Functions/area

Established informal of concern
KALIPI(formerly Zambaleña) March 13,
2009

Binabalian Farmers Association 1972 Active/formal Cooperative, rice

retailer

Samahan ng Kababaihan 1980’s formal Livelihood

BFARMC 1989 Livelihood/conservation

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that provide services to the community:

• Department of Agriculture (DA)

• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)
• Red Cross of the Philippines
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• Philippine Asia (mining)
• Office of the Congressman
• Office of the Governor

The farmers of Barangay Binabalian benefited from the fertilizer discount and
seeds given by the Department of Agriculture-Local Government Unit (DA-LGU). The
barangay has also a feeding program as a counterpart to the health programs of the LGU-
RHU. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) on the other hand
extends their services by giving goods like galvanized iron during calamities and
 P a g e | 12

conducting trainings on livelihood. Scholarship or financial support for indigent but

deserving high school and college students given by the Office of Governor and the
Office of the Congressman are important projects to the people of Binabalian. While
these services are being appreciated by the people, they still feel that social services
should be strengthened especially by other government agencies.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Binabalian has no existing Coastal Resource Management
programs/activities. Due to destructive activities being practiced by unscrupulous
fishermen, the people fear that someday Lauis River might overflow and that soil erosion
and flash flood will likely to occur. In 1970’s, mangroves are being cut and they are used
as firewood for salt making. At present, some mangrove area is converted into ricefields.
The community suggested some coastal management solutions to the problems on
degraded resources and the people are willing to participate on any CRM activities. The
following are suggested solutions; stop cutting of mangroves, provision of alternative
livelihood projects.

E. Law Enforcement
Binabalian has an active bantay dagat. The Philippine National Police (PNP),
Coast Guard and Barangay Tanod are available when their services are needed during
law enforcement activities. Some community member have attended seminar on Peace
and Order.
 P a g e | 13

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Sand, silt and rubble dominates the bottom substrate in the area covering almost
62.5%. The common macro-invertebrate species observed during the survey was the
long-spined sea urchin (Diadema setosum), which tend to chip away the actual
limestone-structure of the reef. The coral reef area was in poor condition having an
average live coral cover of 12.5% of both hard and soft corals (Table 1).

Table 1. Result of Coral Reef Assessment Conducted in Brgy. Binabalian, Using the Manta
Tow Survey
Tow Other
Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No. Observations
1 15°35’54" N 10 0 15 10 65 100
119°54’18 "E
2 15°35’40 "N 15 0 15 10 60 100
119°54’20" E
Average 12.5 0 15 10 62.5 100
 P a g e | 14

2. Snorkel Survey (Transect and Quadrat Method)

The coral reef area in Brgy. Binabalian was in poor condition having an average
cover of 8.3% on both live hard and soft corals. Rubbles and dead corals presently
observed in the area could be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities
particularly the dynamite and cyanide fishing Macro algae species (Sargassum spp.) was
also observed with an average cover of 17.5%. Abiotic component such as sand/silt
covers most part of the area with about 30.5% of quadrat.

Table 2 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Binabalian, Using the Snorkel Method
Trans. Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
No. animals
1 6.6 0 4 10 25 0 19.4 35 100
2 10 0 6 6 10 0 42 26 100
Ave 8.3 0 5 8 17.5 0 30.7 30.5 100
 P a g e | 15

3. Line Intercept Method

The Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Binabalian using the Line-Intercept
Method resulted to poor condition. Soft corals were absent in the sampling areas.
Dead corals were mostly covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that the
corals had been dead for a long time. Abiotic components such as sand and silt
covers the bottom surface of the area.

Table 3. Result of Coral Assessment in Brgy. Binabalian, Using the Line-intercept Method
STATION 1 STATION 2
Benthic
No. of No. of TOTAL
Lifeforms/Coral Reef Estimated Estimated AVE %
Sampling Sampling %
Components % Cover % Cover
Pts. Pts.
Live hard coral 21 21% 16 16% 37% 18.50%
White dead coral 26 26% 15 15% 41% 20.50%
Dead coral with algae 30 30% 14 14% 44% 22.00%
Rubble 10 10% 25 25% 35% 17.50%
Rock 0 0% 5 5% 5% 2.50%
Sand/Silt 13 13% 25 25% 38% 19.00%
 P a g e | 16

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 17 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the Family of Acanthuridae
(31.48%), and 5 fish individuals were from the Family of Scaridae (9.26%) which were
considered as major reef herbivores.
Indicator of hard coral species from the Family Chaetodontidae have 10 individuals
which is 18.52 %, 15 individuals from the Family Pomacentridae (27.78%) that are the
species of damsel fish and sergeant fish, and 7 individuals from the Family Lethrinidae
(8.92% ).
In terms of fish abundance, Families Acanthuridae and Pomacentridae were most
dominant species found and recorded. It was followed by the Family Chaetodontidae.

Table 4. Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Binabalian

Sampling Stations
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average %
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 12 5 17 31.48
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 4 6 10 18.52
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 3 3 6 11.11
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 4 5 9 16.67
Scaridae Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 2 3 5 9.26
Lethrinidae Lethrinus harak emperor fish 5 2 7 12.96
TOTAL 30 24 54 100.00
 P a g e | 17

c. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Binabalian.

d. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

Twenty quadrats within 10 transects were established with an area of 2,000 sq.
meters. A total of 368 trees were enumerated belonging to 11 species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by
Bakauan-lalaki with 146 trees and accounted for 39.67% of all the individuals. Other
species found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per
Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 1 meter
while 7 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals
encountered was computed at 3.88 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species
 P a g e | 18

was 2,161.27 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as
total crown cover (2,161.27 m2) divided by 2,000 m2 (20 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to
computed percent crown cover of 108.06 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 60 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Binabalian mangrove site was 71 individuals within the 60 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 1.18 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Binabalian was found to be generally in GOOD condition based
on the computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.

e. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation observed in Barangay Binabalian.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community has suggested a number of livelihood projects to increase the
income of the families. Salt making, piggery (hog raising), poultry, bagoong making,
tinapa making, fish processing and mango production are among the preferred livelihood
projects of the community. They are hopeful that the government through its various
agencies will sponsor/provide these projects to them.
 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY DAMPAY, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics
1. Location

Barangay Dampay lies between the coordinates of 150 36’ 54” N and 1190 54’
52” E. It is politically subdivided into four (4) puroks and the length of its shoreline is
approximately 1.5 km and 22.5 km² water area.

Figure 1: Location Map of Barangay Dampay

 P age |2

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Dampay, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, has two

pronounced seasons, dry from March to May and wet season from May to October.
Soil types in the area are rocky, sandy and clay.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Dampay has the total population of 1,004 as of 2008. Five hundred six
(506) or 50.39% of the population are male while four hundred ninety eight (498) or
49.60% are female. The average number of children in the family ranges from four (4)
to five (5). Fifty percent of the couples in Barangay Dampay practice family
planning. The most common family planning methods being adopted by couples in
the barangay are pills, injectables and ligation. Though most couples practice family
planning method, population of Barangay Dampay is still increasing because of
natural birth and migration by marriage.

Ninety six percent (96%) of the community members are devoted Roman
Catholics while the rest are Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witness, Baptists and
Mormons.

When it comes to education, the parents have reached high school and 60% of
their children are now studying in college while some have already graduated. Due to
financial difficulty, many have stopped studying because the parents can no longer
afford to pay the tuition fees. The scholarship offered by some politicians in the
province is of big help for some students in pursuing their college education

About 157 of the houses in Barangay Dampay are made of G.I. sheets and 22
houses are made of nipa/cogon for roofing. Eighty (85) houses have walls made of
cement, 45 are made of nipa/coconut fronds/bamboo and forty three (43) houses are
 P age |3

mixed of wood and concrete. The window is usually made of glass and wood.
Flooring materials are mostly cemented.

People of Barangay Dampay mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well and dug

well. Five houses (5) use piped water. Most of the household have toilet facility and
the most common is the flush/water sealed. There are also two public toilets in the
community for those who do not have their own toilets.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

The community infrastructures present in Barangay Dampay are:

• Day Care Center

• Barangay Hall
• Elementary School
• Basketball Court
• Nutrition Post
• Barangay Outpost
• Waiting Shed

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Dampay has rivers, reef shoals, and agriculture area and these
resources serve as a source of food and income for the villagers that have access
to these resources.

The hill is a major source of firewood for the residents living in the area.
There are also some fruit-bearing trees being grown in the area such as duhat.
The foreshore area on the other hand is being utilized as residential area as well as
 P age |4

pastureland for cows and carabaos. The beach area is mostly used as recreation
area.
Coral reefs tidal flats, beach area, rivers, and agricultural areas are rated
good by the community because of the benefits they get from these resources.
The issues concerning these resources are as follows:
• Declining fish catch
• Lack of livelihood opportunites
 P age |5

Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Barangay Dampay

 P age |6

Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Barangay Dampay

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Area Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep
Parameter bed) Shoal) water)
Mga likas na Mangga, niyog, None None shells none none Surgeon fishes
kayamanan (natural sitaw, ampalaya, fish,
resources) kalabasa, talong butterfly
fish,
damsel
fish,
sergeant
fish, rabbit
fish,
cardinal
fish,
wrasse
Mga uri ng Farming, vending pastureland Recreation fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga area
pagkakataon (types
of livelihood,
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of livelihood Converted Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) opportunities into fishing fishing
residential
area
 P age |7

3. Livelihood

The people of Barangay Dampay have several sources of livelihood. Fishing,

farming, vending, seasonal laborer like carpentry and employment are the most
common sources of income. Seventy seven (77) households rely on farming while
fifty nine (59) households rely on fishing. Farm with pumping system produces two
(2) cropping per year. The construction of an irrigation system in Barangay Dampay
is ongoing. There are also small vendors in the community and they usually sell
vegetables, fish, snacks (merienda) and viand (pang-ulam).

There are about ten (10) motorized bancas and eight (8) non motorized bancas
present in the area. These bancas operate in municipal waters of Candelaria. Barangay
Dampay has approximately sixteen (16) full time fishermen and all of them are
registered at the municipality.

In terms of fish catch, fisherfolk have observed that their daily catch decreases
because of the increasing number of fisherfolk and the use of illegal fishing methods
such as dynamite fishing.

Some community members have attended trainings on food processing and

massage sponsored by KALIPI and TESDA, respectively. The Dampay Fisherfolk
Association is the beneficiary of pig dispersal from the PVO. This project has a roll-
over scheme wherein two (2) piglets shall be returned to the sponsoring organization
which in turn will be distributed to other organization so others can benefit also. At
present, hog raising and vending of fish and vegetables are the existing livelihood
projects in the community wherein the initial capital was borrowed from a lending
institution.

To augment their daily income, the community proposed the following

alternative livelihood projects;

• Poultry raising
• Hog raising
 P age |8

• Meat/fish processing
• Soap making
• Sari-sari store
• Agricultural inputs
• Fish net and banca

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operation was

done all through out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are
lambat palubog, lambat palutang, kawil, hila-hila, pana and bubo. Kawil and lambat
palubog are used throughout the year while lambat palutang is used from November to
May. On the other hand, hila-hila, pana and bubo are used from the month of November
to April.

The following are the most common species caught;

• Batalay • Kabalyas

• Bonito • Sapsap

• Tamban • Lapu-lapu

• Posit • Baralyete

• Babayote • Pugita

• Talakitok • Samara

• Barasot (torsilyo) • Titong

• Bisugo • Mayupyop

• Matambaka
 P age |9

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Lambat palubog Batalay, bonito, tamban, pusit

Lambat palutang Babayote, talakitok, barasot, bisugo

Kawil Matambaka, kabalyas, lapu-lapu, posit, pugita

Hila-hila Sapsap, samara, titong

Pana Lapu-lapu, isdang bato

Bubo Titong, mayupyop

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram of Barangay Dampay

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. In
1960’s-1970’s, fish catch was abundant because of the absence of illegal activities.
However in 1980’s there is a slight decrease in catch due to the increase number of
population and some fishers engaged in illegal fishing activities such as dynamite fishing
that damaged coral reef. In 1990’s it was observed that fishing effort increases because
of insufficient fish catch. In 2000, sanctuary was established and law enforcement was
strengthened. At present, the slight decline of fish catch observed and the community
 P a g e | 10

believed that this was because of pollution, toxic waste material from NAPOCOR and
global warming. In addition, payao according to the people prevents fish of getting inside
the municipal water.

Figure 4: Trend Diagram of Barangay Dampay

C. Institutional Aspects
1. Community Organizations

People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area

Established informal of concern
Dampay Fisherfolk Association 2000 Formal (Nov. Livelihood
(DFA) 23, 2000)

KALIPI March 25, Livelihood/women’s

2009 right
 P a g e | 11

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)
• Provincial Agriculturist Office (PAO)

The people of Barangay Dampay benefited from the programs of the Department
of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) especially during calamities wherein the
agency provides relief goods to affected families. The DENR was also active in
mangrove reforestation activities in the area while BFAR distributed seedlings and
materials for the establishment of techno-demo farms for seaweeds. On the other hand,
the DA has given vegetable seeds and provided discounts on palay seeds to the farmers.
The Local Government of Candelaria has also several programs which the community is
enjoying at present.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Dampay has n annual coastal clean-up sponsored by Bantay Dagat and
Barangay Council. The community opposes the establishment of fish cages in the area
because this would contribute to water pollution. Black sand mining is also a threat to
the community.
 P a g e | 12

E. Law Enforcement
The Bantay Dagat is the only coastal law enforcement group existing in the
community. The community is satisfied with the performance of Bantay Dagat. They
have full compliance when it comes to CRM laws. Illegal activities such as dynamite
fishing, cyanide fishing and “letting” (catching of sabalo) are the identified destructive
activities in the barangay. It is suggested that provision of Patrol boat for Bantay Dagat
will further strengthen the enforcement activities of the Bantay Dagat.

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Sand, silt and rubble was observed to be dominant in the survey area. The
condition of the reef was poor with an average live coral cover of 12.5% of both hard and
soft corals.

Table 1. Result of Coral Reef Assessment Conducted in Brgy. Dampay,

using the Manta Tow Survey
Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,
No. Coordinates (Live Hard (Sot Coral) (Dead (Dead Coral Silt/Rubble) Observations
Coral) Coral) w/ Algae)
1 15° 37’28" N 10 0 20 10 60 100
°
119 53’56 "E
2 15°37’33 "N 15 0 10 10 65 100
°
119 54’31" E
 P a g e | 13

2. Snorkel Survey (Transect and Quadrat Method)

The result of coral reef assessment using snorkel survey was in poor condition
with an average percent cover of about 10.5%. Rubbles and dead corals presently
observed in the area could be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities
particularly the dynamite and cyanide fishing. Macro algae (Sargassum spp.). Abiotic
components such as sand and silt cover about 27.5% of quadrat.

Table 2 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Dampay using the Snorkel Method
Transect LHC SC DC DCA Plants Other Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ Total
No. (Live Hard (Sotf ) (Dead (Dead Coral (Algae (Sponges Rock) Silt)
Coral) Coral) Coral) w/ Algae) Seagrass) Clams,etc)
1 9 0 10 0 8 0 44 29 100
2 12 1 2 0 1 0 58 26 100
Average 10.5 0.5 6 0 4.5 0 51 27.5 100
 P a g e | 14

3. Line Intercept Method

The coral reef assessment conducted in Brgy. Dampay using the Line-Intercept
resulted to poor condition with an average of 20% live coral cover for both hard and soft
corals. Dead corals observed were mostly covered by assemblages of algae which
indicate that the corals had been dead for a long time. Rubbles made a significant
percentage of the total reef bottom cover of about 25.00%.

Table 3. Result of Coral Assessment in Brgy. Dampay

using the Line-intercept Method
Benthic lifeforms/coral
reef
AVERAGE
Component %

Live hard coral 20.0%

Live soft coral 0.0%
white dead coral 17.5%
Dead coral with algae 12.0%
Rubble 25.0%
Rock 12.0%
Sand/Silt 13.5%
 P a g e | 15

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 8 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the family of

Acanthuridae (4.02%), and 23 fish individuals were from the family of Siganidae
(11.56%) which were considered as major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 10

individuals which is 5.03 %, 35 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (17.59%) that
are the species of Damsel fish and Sergent fish, and 105 individuals from the family
Labridae (52.76% ). Other family only have 18 individuals that is the species of apogon
freanatus was 9.05%.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Labridae and Pomacentridae were most

dominant species found and recorded. Followed by the family Siganidae and
Apogonidae respectively.
 P a g e | 16

Table 4. Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Dampay

Sampling Stations
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average %
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 5 3 8 4.02
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 6 4 10 5.03
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 15 5 20 10.05
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 15 0 15 7.54
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 105 0 105 52.76
[Siganidae] Siganus gutatus Rabbit fish 23 0 23 11.56
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 8 10 18 9.05

TOTAL 177 22 199 100.00

Legend:

<fishes> - major reef carnivores

[fishes] - major reef herbivores

Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

 P a g e | 17

c. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Dampay.

d. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Barangay Dampay.

e. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation observed in Barangay Dampay.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to the decline of fish catch in the area, the main concern of the community is
to have alternative livelihood to augment the daily income of the families. Poultry, hog
raising, meat/fish processing, soap making and sari-sari store are among the proposed
livelihood projects for the community. At present hog raising and fish vending are the
existing livelihood in the barangay.
 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY LIBERTADOR, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics
1. Location

Barangay Libertador is located at the western part of Poblacion of Candelaria and

lies between the coordinates 15º37’34”N and 119º55’58”E. It is divided into three
(3) puroks and the length of its coastline is approximately one (1) kilometer.

Figure 1: Location Map of Barangay Libertador

 P age |2

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Libertador has two pronounced seasons, dry from December to May
and wet season from July to October.

B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Libertador has a total population of 1,400 as of _____. Seven

hundred twenty nine (729) or 52.07% of the population are male while 671 or 47.92%
are female. There are two hundred eighty nine (289) households in the barangay.

Average number of children in the family is five (5). There are three hundred
sixty five (365) family heads in the barangay. Twenty eight (28) of the family or
7.67% practice family planning and the most common family planning methods being
adopted by couples in the barangay are ligation and pills. Due to small percent of
couples practicing family planning, population of Barangay Libertador has increased
because of natural birth and migration by marriage.

Ninety five percent (95%) of the community members are devoted Roman
Catholic while the rest are Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witness, Baptists and
Mormons.

When it comes to education, the parents reached high school level and the
children are still studying at present in colleges and universities within and outside
the province. However, there are some who have stopped schooling due to financial
difficulty. The scholarships being offered by politicians is of big help for some
students in high school and college in pursuing their college education.

The houses in Barangay Libertador are 90% made of G.I. sheets and 10%
nipa/cogon for roofing. The walls are 90% made of cement and 10% nipa/coconut
 P age |3

fronds/bamboo. The window is usually made of glass (90%) and 10%

bamboo/nipa/coconut fronds. Flooring materials of houses in barangay Libertador
are 100% made of cement. There are fifty nine (59) households with sanitary toilet.
The most common type of toilet facilities in the barangay are water sealed led and
open pit.

People of Barangay Libertador mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well for their

water supply and small percent of the population have piped water.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Libertador are:

• Barangay Hall
• Church
• Covered Court
• Barangay Health Center
• Elementary School
• Day Care Center
• Senior Citizen Hall

b. Natural Resources

Brgy. Libertador has coastal resources like beaches, rivers, agricultural area,
hills and reef shoals and these resources serve as a source of food and income for
the villagers that has access to these resources. There are around 20 hectares of
aquaculture area in the barangay which cultures various finfishes and shrimps.
 P age |4

Based from the ratings given by the community members, coral reefs and tidal
flats are rated as fair. The coral reefs in the area were destroyed before due to
rampant dynamite fishing practiced by unscrupulous fishermen and now this
habitat is presently recuperating According to the community people, the
absence of coral reefs that would protect the shoreline from strong waves has
resulted to erosion on the tidal flat area where trees are previously planted.
Rivers, agricultural areas and hills are in good condition. Gathering of shells
like talaba, lukan, bisan and suso is usually done in the river area. Agricultural
areas are in good condition although it is dependent on rain for water supply.
Beach forest is now being used as residential area.

Issues raised by the community concerning these resources are as follows:

• Lack of irrigation system
• Lack of livelihood opportunities
 P age |5

Figure 2. Community Resources Map of Barangay Libertador

 P age |6

Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Barangay Libertador

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim
Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area bed) water)
Mga likas na Mangga, niyog, absent absent absent Surgeon Fishes
kayamanan fruit bearing fish,
(natural resources) trees butterfly
fish, damsel
fish,
sergeant
fish,
goatfish,
cardinal
fish, coral
breams,
wrasse
Mga uri ng Farming Settlement Private Fishmarket fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga area, the beach
pagkakataon area was resort
(types of damaged
livelihood, by
opportunities) typhoon
Cosme
Mga suliranin Irrigation Unsettled, Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) system, lack of the area is in fishing fishing
livelihood conflict
opportunities whether part
of Libertador
Panayunan
 P age |7

3. Livelihood

Fishing, farming, fish vending, seasonal labor, employment to private and

government agencies and overseas employment are the most common sources of
income of the people in the community. However, farmers only enjoy one (1)
cropping a year because most farms are rainfed and those who have deep well pump
are able to have two (2) cropping a year. Usually farming is jointly done by all
members of the family. Farmers also go out to fish during dry season. In the fishing
village, fishing is the sole source of income. Fishing is usually done by males while
vending activities are done by women.

There are twenty (20) motorized and ten (10) non motorized banca present in the
area. All bancas are categorized as municipal. Barangay Libertador has
approximately fifteen (15) full time and thirty (30) part time fishers. There are no
recorded municipal registered fishers in Barangay Libertador. Only bancas are
registered for permit purposes.

Twenty hectares in the barangay is allotted to aquaculture projects that cultures

bangus, suwahe, sugpo, alimango and tilapia. The community suggested several
projects for the community like water system or irrigation to increase agricultural
production. Skills training on fish and meat processing, bagoong, tinapa making and
value adding products could also help them increase their income. Backyard piggery,
poultry and agricultural inputs are some options that they consider as additional
sources of income.

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates the seasonality of fish catch. Fishing operation is

done all through out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are;
palubog, palutang, pana, kawil and sensuro. Palubog is used from January to
December while palutang is used from February to May. Pana is used on the month
 P age |8

of December and is operated in deep sea while kawil is from October to December.
Alumahan, kabalyas, matambaka, babayuti, bisugo, talakitok batalay, flying fish,
talakitok, tanigue, baralyete, sapsap, monamon, dilis, pusit, torsilyo, molyawon and
tarungaw are the common species caught.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Lambat palubog Alumahan, kanalyas, matambaka,babayuti, bisugo

Lambat palutang Flying fish, talakitok, batalay

isdang
Pana
b

Kawil Talakitok, tanigue

Sensuro Sapsap, monamon, dilis, posit, torsilyo, mulyawon, tarungaw

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram of Barangay Libertador

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. In
1960’s, fishers are still privileged to experience high volume of catch. They believed
that good catch was because of good weather condition and less number of fishers.
From 1970’s-1980’s fish catch started to decline. In 1990’s to present there is a
 P age |9

continuous decline because of the effect of global warming, illegal fishing, increase
number of commercial fishing boats and increase number of fishermen. In addition,
the community believes that one of the causes of fish scarcity in the area is the
establishment of NAPOCOR that produces pollution during its operation.

Figure 4: Trend Diagram of Barangay Libertador

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

When Formal or Main Functions/area

People’s Organization (Pos) Established informal of concern
KAISA (during Prers. Marcos time) inactive livelihood

KALIPI
 P a g e | 10

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)

People of Barangay Libertador recognized the services of the Department of

Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) especially during calamities. The Samahan
ng Mangingisda ng Liglig Ambay sa Tabing Dagat has benefited from the pig dispersal
program of the Department of Agriculture. The DA also have Libring Binhi program for
farmers wherein they provide free seeds to farmers in cooperation with the Local
Government Unit..

The Local Government of Candelaria through Barangay Health Workers have

vaccination program to all the barangays. The community mentioned that other
agencies like the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Bureau of
Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) should strengthen their services in the
community so they can benefit from the current program offered by these agencies.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Libertador has an existing Marine Protected Area (MPA). The MPA
used to have marker buoys but when these buoys were damaged, they were not replaced.
According to the communities, fisheries laws are no longer strictly implemented for the
protection of the MPA in the area. Coastal cleanup activities are voluntarily done by the
community.
 P a g e | 11

E. Law Enforcement
Bantay Dagat in the area are inactive but the people have still full compliance to
existing CRM related rules. The community believed that outsiders are most likely the
ones who violate the rules on CRM. Cyanide, dynamite, fishing with the use of fine
mesh net and mangrove cutting are activities identified as destructive or causing damage
to the coastal area. Mangrove is used usually as Christmas tree. The community feared
that the activities of the nearby barangay such as black sand mining may affect them
during high tide and bad weather. They are also threatened that fish catch will continue
to decline if destructive activities will not be controlled. Provision of a patrol boat and
continuous support from the Philippine National Police (PNP) are the solutions to the
present problems in the community.

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Sand, silt and rubble was found dominant in the area. The coral reef assessment
in Brgy. Libertador resulted to poor condition with an average live coral cover of 12.5%
for both hard and soft corals.

Table 1. Result of Coral Reef Assessment Conducted in Brgy. Libertador

Using the Manta Tow Survey
Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,
No. Coordinates (Live Hard (Sot Coral) (Dead (Dead Coral Silt/Rubble) Observations
Coral) Coral) w/ Algae)
1 15°38’03" N 20 0 10 0 70 100
119°54’17 "E
2 15°38’01 "N 15 0 10 0 75 100
°
119 54’19" E
 P a g e | 12

2. Snorkel Survey (Transect and Quadrat Method)

The result of coral reef assessment in Barangay Libertador was in poor condition
with an average coral cover of about 9.7%. Rubbles presently observed in the area could
be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite which
contribute an average cover of about 35.8%. Macroalgae species such as Sargassum spp.
were also observed. Abiotic components such as sand and silt cover most of the area
with 46%.

Table 2 Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Libertador using the Snorkel Method
Transect Other
No. LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
1 9.4 0 0 0 8 0 18.6 64 100
2 10 0 0 0 9 0 53 28 100
Average 9.7 0 0 0 8.5 0 35.8 46 100
 P a g e | 13

3. Line Intercept Method

The coral reef assessment using Line-intercept method resulted to poor condition
with an average coral cover of about 20% for both hard and soft corals. Dead corals were
mostly covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that the corals had been dead for
a long time. Abiotic components like sand and silt cover an average of 30%. Similarly,
rubbles make a significant percentage of reef bottom cover with 30.00%.

Table 3. Result of Coral Assessment in Brgy. Libertador

using the Line-intercept Method
Benthic lifeforms/Coral AVERAGE
reef Component %

Live hard coral 20.00%

Live soft coral 0.00%
white dead coral 10.00%
Dead coral with algae 10.00%
Rubble 30.00%
Rock 0.00%
Sand/Silt 30.00%
Total 100.00%
 P a g e | 14

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 55 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the family of

Acanthuridae (21.24 %), which were considered as major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 23

individuals which is 8.88 %, 110 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (42.47%)
that are the species of Damsel fish and Sergent fish, 14 individuals from the family
Nemipteridae (5.41% ), and least individual counted belonging from the family Mullidae
and Labridae comprised about 3.47%, 3.09%, respectively. Other family only has 40
individuals that were identified as Apogon freanatus was 15.44%.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Pomacentridae and Acanthuridae were most

dominant species found and recorded in stations 1 and 2. It was followed by the family
Apogonidae and Chaetodontidae respectively.
 P a g e | 15

Table 4. Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Libertador

Sampling Stations
Family Name Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average %
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 32 23 55 21.24
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 21 2 23 8.88
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 22 18 40 15.44
Abuldefduf
Pomacentridae sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 54 16 70 27.03
Thread fin
Nemipteridae Scolopsis lineatus bream 9 5 14 5.41
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 3 5 8 3.09
Mullidae Parupeneus indicus Goat fish 3 6 9 3.47
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 31 9 40 15.44
TOTAL 175 84 259 100.00

Legend:

<fishes> - major reef carnivores

[fishes] - major reef herbivores

Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

 P a g e | 16

c. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Libertador.

d. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Barangay Libertador.

e. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation observed in Barangay Libertador.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community would like to improve their way of living by improving their
agricultural production and additional livelihood to earn extra income. Irrigation system
is the primary key to have at least two croppings a year since the area is not irrigated.
Additional agricultural inputs may help increase the production of the farmers. Poultry
and backyard piggery are livelihood projects that they suggested. The community is also
interested to learn new skills like fish and meat processing because these skills can be
used to earn extra income for the family.
 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY MALABON, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
Barangay Malabon is formerly barangay San Roque.

B. Biophysical Characteristics
1. Location

Barangay Malabon lies between the coordinates of 15º38’04” N and 119º58’34”

E.

Figure 1: Location Map of Barangay Malabon

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2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Malabon has two pronounced seasons, dry from March to May and wet
season from June to October.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

The population of Barangay Malabon is divided into 50% children, 25% youth,
20% adults and 5% elderly. There are 1,200 households in the barangay.

The average number of children in the family ranges from five (5) to ten (10).
Average family size including all those who are living in the house is ten (10). Forty
percent (40%) of the population practice family planning and the most common family
planning methods being adopted by couples in the barangay are pills, IUD and ligation.
Though most couples are practicing family planning, the population of Barangay
Malabon is still increasing because of natural birth, migration by marriage and
migration from Visayan and Bicol regions.

Eighty percent (80%) of the community members are devoted Roman Catholic
while the rest are Born Again and Baptist.

When it comes to education, the parents reached high school level and the
children are still studying at present in various colleges and universities within and
outside the province. However, due to financial difficulty, many have stopped
schooling.

The houses in Barangay Malabon are 90% made of G.I. sheets and 10 %
nipa/cogon for roofing. The walls are 50% made of cement, 45% nipa/coconut
fronds/bamboo and 5% wood/plywood. The window is usually made of
bamboo/nipa/coconut fronds. Flooring materials are usually made of cement composed
of approximately 90% and bamboo 20%. Almost all of the household have toilet.
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The people of Barangay Uacon mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well for their
water supply. About 10% of the community depends on dug well.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure

Community infrastructures present in Barangay Malabon are:

• Barangay Hall
• Covered Court
• Day Care Center
• Barangay Health Center
• San Roque Elementary School
• Bridges
• Churches
-Catholic Church
-Born Again
-Baptist Church

b. Natural Resources
Brgy. Malabon has coastal resources that include mangrove area, rivers,
agricultural area, and mountain/hills. They serve as a source of food and income
for the villagers that have access to these resources.

The communities rated the present condition of the coastal environment in the
locality. There are mountain parts that are bald because of mining due to its
mineral deposit. Beaches, mangroves and rivers are in good condition.
Agricultural area is in very good condition because the area is irrigated. Seagrass
beds are absent in the area. The main issue raised by the community is the lack of
livelihood opportunities for the residents especially the fishermen in the area.
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Figure 3: Community Resources Map of Malabon

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Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram of Barangay Malabon

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Area Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep
Parameter bed) Shoal) water)
Mga likas na Mahogany,mango,b absent Bakawan recreation shells absent Cardinal fishes
kayamanan amboo, coconut, babae, fish (no
(natural vegetables, bakawan natural
resources) ornamental plants, lalake, reefs
rice kalapini, observed)
kulasi,
malatangal,
pagatpat,
piapi,
pototan,
tangal
Mga uri ng Farming, animal farming resort gleaning fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga raising
pagkakataon
(types of
livelihood,
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of livelihood Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) opportunities fishing fishing
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3. Livelihood

The most common sources of income of the people in the barangay are fishing,
farming, seasonal laborer, employment to private and government agencies, and fish
vending. Approximately, 60% of the community is dependent on farming and 35% on
fishing. Farm production has two (2) croppings per year with an estimated income of
P20,000.00 per cropping. Usually farming is jointly done by all members of the family.
Fishing on the other hand is mostly done by males. Some students also go fishing as
their sideline during school vacation. Some women in the community usually sell
vegetables and fish catch of their husband and relatives.

There are approximately four (4) motorized banca and ten (10) non motorized
present in the area. Barangay Malabon has about twenty (20) full time and twenty (20)
part time municipal fisherfolk. There are twenty seven (27) municipal registered
fisherfolk in the barangay.

The community suggested several livelihood projects for the community to

improve their income. Pig dispersal, rice trading in the barangay, payao, hog raising,
poultry raising are the suggested livelihood projects. At present, pastillas making and
fabrication of rocking chair are available in Barangay Malabon. Women also would
like to undergo training on smoke fish for additional skills.

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operation is

done all through out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are;
sudsud,, kawil (handline), gill net (lambat palubog), spear (pana) and sigpaw (scoop
net) Sigpaw and pana are used during dark nights. Small crabs, alimasag, hipon, palos
(assorted crustacean), bisugo, talakitok, lapu-lapu, lugho (snapper), salay-salay,
aligasin, alumahan, lumahan, talakitok, sapsap, loro, sungayan, samaral, dalagang bukid
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and dalambutan are the common species caught. All fishers in Barangay Malabon
operate in municipal waters of Candelaria.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Sigpaw
Alimango, Alimasag, Hipon
(Scoop Net)
Loro, Sungayan, Samaral, Lapu-Lapu, Dalagang Bukid, Dalambutan
Pana
Lambat
Salay-Salay, Aligasin, Alumahan, Lumahan, Talakitok, SapSap
Palubog

Bisugo, Talakitok, Lapu-Lapu, Lugho (Snapper)

Kawil
Small crabs, Alimasag, Hipon, Palos, Assorted Crustacean
Sudsod
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram of Barangay Malabon

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. In
1960’s-1970’s, fishing gear used is sudsod/sakag that catches hipon. In 1970’s-1980’s
fish catch has decreased because of the increased number of fishermen. In 1980’s to
2000 sudsod is no longer being used in the area instead they used “nangingilaw” (light).
From 2000 to present, the good fish catch of the fishermen according to them is due to
the presence of sanctuary in Candelaria and the diminishing illegal activities in the area.
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Figure 4: Trend Diagram of Barangay Malabon

D. Institutional Aspects
1. Community Organizations

People’s Organization (POs) When Formal or Main Functions/

Established informal area of concern
Samahang Mangingisda ng Liglig Ambay (SMLA) 2002 formal livelihood

BFARMC (reorganization)

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)
• Non Government Organization
• Office of the Governor
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People of Barangay Malabon recognized the services of the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD) which sponsors feeding program. Likewise, the
agency is providing relief goods during calamities in the area. The Department of
Agriculture (DA) has also assisted the community through its pig dispersal program and
the beneficiaries are the Samahan ng Mangingisda ng Liglig Ambay sa tabing Dagat.
The DA has also Libring Binhi program for farmers. The local Government of
Candelaria through Barangay Health Worker provides vaccination to the children in the
barangay. According to the people, the services of the agencies like the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) and Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic
Resources (BFAR) should be strengthened so that they can also avail of their current
programs.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Malabon has mangrove reforestation and coastal clean-up activities
which are being participated by the community members and Non Government
Organization (NGO). Garbage is collected every week by the garbage collector while
other community members dispose their garbage by burning. These programs/activities
regarding coastal resource management exist for two (2) years already. Approximately,
sixty percent (60%) of the community are aware of the CRM activities.

E. Law Enforcement
The area has an active bantay dagat. The police also participate in enforcing
coastal laws in the area. Mining in the nearby barangay, quarrying of black/magnetized
sand, and fishing with the use of compressor are some activities mentioned which are
destructive or causing damage to the coastal area. A signature campaign against black
sand mining was used as a protest for the said activity by the community people.
Because of these destructive activities the community fears that someday erosion may
happen and will harm the residents of the barangay.
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II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs observed in Barangay
Malabon. Sand and silt covers most of the area. This might be due to siltation mainly to
sediment-laden water run-offs from the land and sewage discharge coming from the
household. Strong underwater current was also noted that resulted to murky waters
coming from the mouth of the river.

B. Fish Visual Census

Only specises from Family Apogonidae (Apogon fraenatus) was sighted in the
area during the survey. No major group of coral reef indicators or even the target group
or carnivores species. This indicates that coral reefs will not exist in the area.

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Malabon.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

Twenty-two quadrats within two transects were established with an area of 2,200
sq. meters. A total of 170 trees were enumerated belonging to nine species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by
Pagatpat with 60 trees and accounted for 35.29% of all the individuals. Other species
found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed
Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 8
meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals encountered
was computed at 5.26 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as 0.7854
(average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was
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626.42 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total
crown cover (626.42 m2) divided by 2,200 m2 (22 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to
computed percent crown cover of 28.47 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 66 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Malabon mangrove site was 14 individuals within the 66 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 0.21 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Malabon was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on
the computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation observed in Barangay Malabon.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community wishes to learn some expertise on fish processing. They also want
a Bigasang Barangay that will enable them to save money for fare and time of not going
to the public market. At the same time, bigasang barangay will become their income
generating project. Hog raising and poultry raising are another livelihood projects that
they aspire to have. To save fishing effort and specific fishing ground, they have plan of
establishing payao in the near future. As of the moment, pastillas and rocking chair
making are the inherent skills in the area.
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Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment

Barangay Malimanga Candelaria, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
The area of Barangay Malimanga is one of the smallest barangay in Candelaria and a
former a sitio of barangay Malabon. In 1969, it became an independent barangay.

B. Biographical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Malimanga is bounded by barangay Malabon on the north, Sinabacan
on the South, mountainous portion of Zambales on the east and the China Sea on the
west. It lies between the coordinates of 15°38’11” N, and 119°56’07” E.

Malimanga has a total land area of 140.47 square kilometers and the mountainous
part covers an area of 93.37 hectares. It comprises of three (3) puroks.

Figure 1 Location Map of Brgy. Malimanga, Candelaria, Zambales

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2. Climate
Barangay Malimanga, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, Zambales, has
two pronounced seasons, dry from February to early May and wet season from late May
to October.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Malimanga has a total population of nine hundred thirty six (936).
There are one hundred twenty one (121) pre-schoolers and students. Six hundred sixty
six (666) or 71.15% of the population are registered voters.

The average number of children in the family ranges from six (6) to seven (7) and
the average family size including those who are living in the house ranges from ten (10)
to twelve (12). Almost 90% of the population practices family planning. The most
common methods being practiced are vasectomy, ligation, pills and condom. Though
most of the populations practice family planning, population continues to increase
because of natural birth and migration from nearby provinces like Pangasinan. Migration
of Visayans in search of livelihood like fishing and mango spraying contribute to the
increase of population.

Ninety percent (90%) of the community members believed in Catholic doctrine

and the rest are devoted Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witness and Baptists.

When it comes to education, the parents are mostly high school graduates while
their children are currently studying, some are already in college. There are also a
number of out of school youth in the barangay and this is usually because of financial
difficulty. The scholarship program sponsored by the LGU and the office of Cong. Diaz
for deserving college students is a big help for the parents in sending their children to
universities or colleges.
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Houses in Barangay Malimanga are 70% made of G.I. sheets and 30% nipa/cogon
for roofing. Nipa/coconut fronds/cogon is the most common walls of the houses in the
community and this comprises of about 50% of the total houses. Thirty percent (30%)
have walls made of cement while the rest have plywood/wood. A bamboo/nipa/coconut
frond is the common window in the barangay and this comprises of about 50%. Thirty
percent (30%) are made of glass and 20% made of bamboo for windows. Flooring
materials are usually made of bamboo (30%) and cement (30%). Approximately, 15% in
the community have earthen floor.

Around 80% of the families in barangay Malinanga have. The most common
source of water is the jetmatic/artesian well (85%) while fifteen percent (15%) of the
community rely on piped water of the Candelaria Water District.

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Malimanga are:
• Elementary School
• Rural Health Center
• Barangay Hall
• Church

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Malimanga has coastal resources that include mangrove area, beaches,
agricultural areas, mountains/hills and reef shoals. They serve as a source of food and
income for the villagers that have access to these resources.

The community rated the present condition of the coastal environment in the
locality. Coral reef, beaches, mangroves are rated as good. The problem in coral reef is
the boundaries of sanctuary and fishing area. Some portion of beach forest is now
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a residential area. Agricultural areas are in considered in good condition because

they are irrigated. Tidal flats, uphill/mountains are in fair condition. The river is in
poor condition because the outlet is narrow that during rainy season the area becomes
flooded.

Problems and issues identified associated with these resources declining fish
catch, illegal fishing and lack of livelihood opportunities.
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Figure 2 Community Resources Map of Brgy. Malimanga

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Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Malimanga

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (seagrass beds) (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area water)
Mga likas na Vegetables, Firewood Shells, api- shells Moorish fishes
kayamanan fruits, rice api, bakawan idol, parrot
(natural lalaki, kulasi, fish,
resources) pagatpat, surgeon
piapi, tangal, fish,
tiduk- butterfly
tindukan fish, damsel
fish,
sergeant
fish, goast
fish,
cardinal
fish, wrasse
Mga Uri ng Farming, farming Gleaning Gleaning, gleaning fishing fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga mango fish
pagkakataon spraying, vending
(types of vending
livelihood,
oppurtunities)
Mga Suliranin Irrigation, reforestation Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) lack of fishing fishing
livelihood
opportunitis
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3. Livelihood
Fishing and farming are the common sources of income o the people of Barangay
Malimanga. Farmers are usually fishers at the same time. Irrigated farm can operate up
to three croppings a year while farm along the road/highway are rainfed thus it only
enables to one crop a year. Construction and tricycle driving are the other occupations in
the community. Buying and selling of fruits, vegetables and fish is an additional income
usually done by women. Approximately eighty percent (80%) of the community are
fishers and forty percent (40%) of these fishers are full time. Twenty (20) fishers are
registered fisherfolk. There are three (3) motorized and seven (7) non-motorized bancas
in the barangay. All bancas are registered at the Municipal Agriculture Office.

There are also fishponds in the area that culture tilapia and bangus. During rainy
season, the fishing area is in Malimanga Lake and during dry season they go out in the
sea. Gleaning activities which are usually being done by women is done only for
consumption. Due to decreasing fish catch, the community suggested possible livelihood
activities to augment their daily income. Pastillas making, boneless bangus, hog raising,
handicraft, poultry, fish pen and gardening are the proposed livelihood projects. On the
other hand, availability of quality seedlings is the primary concern of farmers. Some of
the community members have attended training on souvenir making.

4. Fishing Activities
Calendar diagram illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operation is
done all through out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are;
pamusit, bubo, pana, kawil, and lambat (palubog and palutang). Peak season of kawil is
from the month of October to December while lambat (palubog and palutang) is from
March to May. Alimango, talakitok, alimasag, lapu-lapu, pugita, lobster, palos, bisugo,
papakol, maya-maya, lugso, dalag, hito, pampano, gurami titong, samaral, aligasin,
pusit, talakitok and kilong-kilong are the common species caught in the area.
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FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Lambat Titong, samaral, aligasin, pusit, talakitok, kilong-kilong

(Palubog/Palutang)
Bisugo, papakol, maya- Isdang
Kawil maya, lugso bato

Pana Lapu-lapu, pugita, lobster, palos (isdang bato)

Bubo Alimango, talakitok, alimasag

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3 Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Malimanga

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. In
1960’s, fish catch is estimated at 20 kilos/person/day. This is attributed to the absence of
illegal fishing methods and few are engaged in fishing activities. In 1970’s, fish catch
slightly decreased because of increasing number of fishers. The decreasing trend
continued until 1980’s. These years, trawl (galadgad) began to operate in the area. At
present dynamite fishing is totally banned in the area.
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Figure 44 Trend Diagram of Brgy. Malimanga

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
Malimanga Fisherfolk Association 1980’s Formal Livelihood,
environmental
protection
Malimanga, Malabon, Sinabacan Farmers 2004 formal livelihood
Association
KALIPI (National Org.) 1980’s livelihood

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are the agencies that provide support to the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
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• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)

• Department of Education
• Provincial Goernment
• National Red Cross
• Non Government Organization
• Office of the Congressman
• Lending Institution

In 2004 with the assistance of a Non Government Organization, the Department

of Agriculture conducted pig dispersal in the area with the Malimanga Fisherfolk
Association members as the major recipients. Scholarship from the Local Government
of Candelaria and from the office of Congressman is a big help for students who belong
to indigent family. However, other government agencies need to strengthen their services
in the community. The community will appreciate additional assistance from the
government agencies like Red Cross, BFAR, DSWD and the Department of Education.

E. Coastal Resource Management

The fisherfolk and the Local Government of Candelaria conducted mangrove

reforestation sponsored by Philippine Tropical Forest Conservation Foundation Inc.
(PTFCFI). The fisherfolk and LGU also conducted regular coastal clean-up. One of the
main functions of Malimanga Fisherfolk Association (MFA) is to protect the coastal
environment. The fisherfolk identified the activities that are destructive to the coastal
habitats like as dynamite, mining, cyanide fishing, electro-fishing, quarrying of coral
rubbles, fishing with the use of fine mesh nets and quarrying of black/magnetized
sand. The people of the barangay have opposed the black sand mining thru a signature
campaign. According to them, if these destructive activities will continue, coral reefs as
well as the seagrass beds will eventually disappear to the detriment of the fishing
community.
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F. Law Enforcement

Barangay Malimanga has an active Bantay Dagat. The Bantay Dagat operates
daily in the coastal waters of the community. Strict implementation of coastal law,
information dissemination and setting up of markers or demarcation line that would separate
the sanctuary and fishing area are the suggested coastal management solutions to issues on
boundaries. The LGU also conducted paralegal training on coastal law entitled “Tanggol
Kalikasan at Saligan”

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

The coral reef condition in Brgy. Malimanga was found to be in poor condition,
having an average live coral cover of 17.5% and dead coral cover of 35%. Sand, silt and
rubble were observed as dominant components having an average of 47.5% on the
sampling areas established.

Tow
Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble
No.
1 15°39'03" N 20 0 35 15 30
119°55'13" E
2 15°39'02" N 15 0 15 5 65
119°54'59" E
Ave 17.5 0 25 10 47.5
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2. Snorkel Survey Result

The coral reef survey conducted in Brgy. Malimanga, using the quadrat method
resulted to poor condition, having live coral cover of 13%. Rubbles and dead corals
presently observed in the area could be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities
particularly the dynamite and cyanide fishing.

Transect Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt
No. Animals
1 14 0 19 8 7 0 48 4
2 12 0 12 0 0 0 74 2
Ave 13 0 15.5 4 3.5 0 61 3

3. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

Two 2 transect sampling stations established revealed that the coral reefs of
Barangay Malimanga were generally in poor condition with an average of 20.00 % of
live coral cover for both hard and soft corals (see Table 4). Soft corals were found absent
at Stations 1 and 2. Observed dead corals were mostly covered by assemblages of algae
which indicates that the corals had been dead for a long time. White dead coral and
sand//silt were also observed in the survey area. Rubbles which were recorded in both
stations 1 and 2 made a significant percentage of the total reef bottom cover (30%).

Benthic Lifeform/Coral Reef Component Ave

Live hard coral 20.0%

White dead coral 20.0%
Dead coral with algae 22.5%
Rubble 30.0%
Sand/Silt 7.5%
Total 100.0%
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B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 63 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the family of
Acanthuridae (15.71%), and 14 fish individuals were from the family of Scaridae (3.49
%) which were considered as major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae have 50

individuals which is 12.47 %, 175 individuals from the family Pomacentridae (43.64%)
that are the species of Damsel fish and Sergent fish, 21 individuals from the family
Labridae (5.24% ), 6 individuals from the family Mullidae (1.50%), and 5 individuals
from family Zanclidae which is 1.25 %. Other family only have 67 individuals that is the
species of apogon freanatus was 16.71%.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Pomacentridae and Apogonidae were most

dominant species found and recorded in stations 1 and 2. It was followed by the family
Acanthuridae and Chaetodontidae respectively (Table 2) .

Sampling Stations
Family Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL Ave
STN 1 STN 2
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 28 35 63 16%
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 23 27 50 12%
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 60 39 99 25%
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 54 22 76 19%
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 2 19 21 5%
Scaridae Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 8 6 14 3%
Zanclidae Zanclus Cornutos Mooris Idol 3 2 5 1%
Mullidae Parupeneus indicus Goat fish 2 4 6 1%
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 15 52 67 17%
TOTAL 195 206 401 100%

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There was no seagrass bed found in Brgy. Malimanga.
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D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

Fourteen quadrats within two transects were established with an area of 1,400 sq.
meters. A total of 122 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Piapi
with 41 trees and accounted for 33.61% of all the individuals. Other species found in the
area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay.
Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 7 meters at the
highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals encountered was
computed at 4.56 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average
crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was 204.17 m2.
Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown cover
(204.17 m2) divided by 1,400 m2 (14 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent
crown cover of 14.58 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 42 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Malimanga mangrove site was 11 individuals within the 42 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 0.26 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Malimanga was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on
the computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.
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E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation found in Brgy. Malimanga.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

Due to the decline of fish catch, people of barangay Malimanga proposed
livelihood to augment their daily income. Pastilles making, boneless bangus, hog raising,
handicraft, poultry, fish pen and seedlings for gardening are the proposed livelihood.
 P age |1

Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment

Barangay Panayunan, Candelaria, Zambales

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
Panayonan before was part of Brgys. Libertador and Poblacion of Candelaria,
Zambales. The place was formerly an “asinan” (salt), where the name of Panayunan
originated.

B. Biographical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Panayunanlies between the coordinates of 150 39’ 57” N and 1190 56’
08” E. There are three (3) puroks in the barangay and the length of its coastline is
approximately three hundred (300) meters.

Figure 1 Location Map of Brgy. Panayunan, Candelaria, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

 P age |2

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Panayunan, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, has two
pronounced seasons, dry from March to middle of May and wet season from May to
September.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Panayunan has a total population of one thousand two hundred sixty
one (1,261). Five hundred seventy two (572) or 45.36% of the population are male while
six hundred eighty nine (689) or 54.63% are female.

Average number of children in the family ranges from our (4) to six (6). Almost
all of the couples in Barangay Panayunan practice family planning. The most common
family planning method being adopted by couples in the barangay are pills and
injectables. Though most couples practiced the family planning method, population of
Barangay Panayunan is still increasing because of migration, through marriage and when
they seek job opportunities in the locality.

Most of the community members are Roman Catholics while the rest belong to
the other sects such as Methodists, Baptists and Mormons.

When it comes to education, most of the parents reached only the high school or
secondary level. However, some of their children were able to study in college. There are
cases that due to financial problems, many have already stopped going to school and are
compelled to work for the welfare of the family. There are scholarships being offered by
the office of the District Representative (Congressman) that augments the financial need
of the student who belongs to an indigent family and has the potential to pursue their
college education.

Houses in Barangay Panayonan are 98% made of G.I. sheets and 2 % nipa/cogon
for roofing. The walls are 80% made of cement and 20% nipa/coconut fronds/bamboo.
 P age |3

Most of the window is made of glass or jalousies. Flooring materials are usually made of
bamboo and few are made of cement. Usually, renovation of houses is done in stages.
Flooring is the last priority during the renovation. Almost all of the houses have toilets.

People of Barangay Panayonan mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well/deep

well. Those who can afford, uses mineral water for drinking.

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Panayonan are:

• Barangay Hall
• Basketball Court
• Health/Nutrition Center
• Feeding Center

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Panayunan has coastal resources that include mangrove area, beach
area, and reef shoals. They serve as a source of food and income for the villagers
that have access to these resources. Aside from these coastal resources, other
sources of aquatic organisms include small rivers where at present baklad
operation is on-going.
Problems and issues identified associated with these resources include
pollution, mangrove cutting, and siltation. The community has rated the present
condition of the habitat of barangay Panayonan. Coral reefs, beaches and rivers
are still in good condition. However, mangroves in the area are currently in
deplorable condition. Further, the community disapproves the absence of a
“right of way” to the beaches hence they have no access going to the shore
especially on the privately-owned lands
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Figure 2 Community Resources Map of Brgy. Panayunan

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Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Panayunan

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep water)
Parameter Area bed) Shoal)
Mga likas na Mango, Alimango, Shells, Kilong- Isdang fishes
kayamanan coconuts, bakawan lalaki, bangus fry, kilong,aligasin, bato,balat,
(natural ricefarms, api-api, busain, agoho samaral, arosep,
resources) vegetables, buta-buta, bangus, lukan, pusit,
pigs, chickens, pagatpat, suso (snails) samaral,
bamboo, fruit tinduk-tindukan talakitok,
trees pagi
Mga uri ng Ricefarming, Wood cutting, Fry Fishing,
hanapbuhay, fishing, buy & gleaning collection transport,
mga sell of fishpen
pagkakataon mangoes,
(types of livestock
livelihood, farming,
opportunities) carpentry,
fishponds
Mga suliranin Lack of Fishpond soil erosion Euthropication, Poaching, Illegal
(problems/ capital, lack of conversion siltation, solid illegal fishing
issues) alternative wastes fihsing
livelihoods,
fishponds
 P age |6

3. Livelihood
Fishing and farming are the major occupations of the people of Barangay
Panayunan. Carpentry, employment to stores/kiosk in the public market and pork trading
are the minor occupations in the barangay. The most common means to augment the
financial needs of the family is through backyard piggery. Most of the families have
family members abroad that contribute to the allowance of the whole family. More or
less, there are fifteen (15) fishermen in the barangay. Farmers of barangay Panayunan
usually tend their farms in the nearby barangays. Rice farm production is dependent both
on irrigation and rain fed water systems. Irrigated farms usually produce from two (2)
to three (3) croppings a year. Rain fed farms mostly has one (1) cropping per year.

More or less, there are seven (7) fishing boats in the barangay. Six (6) bancas are
non motorized and one (1) motorized. Fishermen are usually farmers at the same time.
During off seasons on farming, they opt to go fishing to support the needs of the family.
Aside from the coastal fishing activities, aquaculture is also present in the area with
approximately twenty five hectares (25) that belong to bangus and shrimp (suahi) culture.
Fish pens that culture samaral and bangus in rivers also exist for consumption of the
operator.

For additional income, the community would like to undergo livelihood training
in dressmaking, rag making and food processing for women and welding or heavy
equipment operation for men. Hog and cattle-raising are the other livelihood they prefer
in the locality.

4. Fishing Activities
Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operation was
done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are; spear
(pana), set gillnet (palubog), drift gillnet (palutang), sudsud, pamusit, baklad. All fishing
gears are used all throughout the year aside from pamusit that is used only for the months
of January- April. Bisugo, kilong-kilong, tari-an, samara, taklakitok, pugita, pusit,
 P age |7

duwal, banak, talakitok, asu-os, samara, hapal, tarian, hipon, posit, talangka, alimango,
alimasag are the common species caught.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Baklad (tag-ulan, dilim) hipon, talangka, alimango, alimasag, samaral

Pamusit (maliwanag ang buwan) pusit

Sudsod (tagdilim, maganda ang panahon) hipon

Lambat Palubog Talakitok, dalumanang (asuos), samaral, hapal, tarian

Lambat Palutang (maganda ang panahon) duwal, banak

Pana (maliban pag bagyo) bisugo, kilong-kilong, tarian, samara, talakitok, pugita, pusit

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3 Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Panayunan

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. In the
1960’s, fish was caught with the used of traditional hook and line. In 1970’s fish catch
decreased because of the increase in population and increase number of fishermen. From
1980’s-1990’s NAPOCOR was established in a nearby town, the community assumed that
 P age |8

fish catch declined due to water pollution. In 2000 to present fish catch dwindled because
of the increase number of fishermen and the scarcity of fish in the area.

Figure 4 Trend Diagram of Brgy. Panayunan

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
KALIPI(formerly Zambaleña) 2 weeks in
Panayonan

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies/individuals that support the community:

• Department of Agriculture (DA)

• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
 P age |9

• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)

• Private Individuals
• Office of the Congressman (Cong. Torres)

Figure 5. Institutional Diagram of Brgy. Panayunan

People of Barangay Panayonan receive vitamins for children and anti-rabies

vaccines for dogs from the Municipality of Candelaria (LGU). The community requests
that the services of the local government unit be strengthened. The Department of
Agriculture (DA) provides seeds for agriculture. Scholarships from the Office of
Congressman on the other hand help students from the indigent family to pursue their
education. The Office of the Congressman also sponsors medical missions extending
health services in the locality. Rich balikbayans of barangay Panayunan also extends
their support in the form of money, rice, and canned goods to indigent families.
 P a g e | 10

E. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Panayunan presently has no existing programs/activities about Coastal

Resource Management. Black/magnetized sand mining was not approved by the
barangay Council in Panayonan. The community is also concerned on the exposed dead
corals that are slowly vanishing in the area. Another issue that threatens the community
is the absence of a seawall that will protect the existing fishponds from erosion.
Orientation on conservation of sea turtles was conducted lately by the Department of
Environment and Natural Resources.

F. Law Enforcement

Bantay Dagat is not active in the area and the operations were seldom conducted.
The community has identified illegal fishing activities like the use of sodium cyanide and
dynamite fishing that is destructive and causing damage to the coastal area. However,
due to a municipal ordinance that was enacted, these destructive activities were reduced.

II. HABITAT ASSESSMENT

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Sand, silt and rubble were the dominant components having about 50% cover. in
Crown-of-thorns (Acanthaster planci) were also found in the area which feed voraciously
on coral polyps that will damage on coral reef communities. The coral reef assessment in
Brgy. Panayunan, using the manta tow survey resulted to poor condition.
 P a g e | 11

Table 2 Result of Coral Reef Habitat Assessment in Brgy. Panayunan, Using the Manta
Tow Survey

Tow
Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No.
1 15°40'20" N 14 0 16 10 60 100
119°55'04" E
2 15°40'24" N 25 0 20 15 40 100
119°55'49" E
Ave 19.5 0 18 12.5 50 100

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Panayunan, Using the
Manta Tow Survey

2. Snorkel Survey Result

The reef area in Brgy. Panayunan using the quadrat method was found to be in
poor condition. Rubbles and dead corals observed in the area could be attributed the use
of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and cyanide fishing. Presence of
Acanthaster planci will also affect the coral communities in the area.
 P a g e | 12

Table 3. Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Panayunan, Using the Snorkel Method

Transect Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt
No. Animals
1 14 0 5 5 2 0 57 17
2 25 0 18 7 0 0 30 20
Ave 19.5 0 11.5 6 1 0 43.5 18.5

Figure 7. Graph Showing the Coral Cover in Brgy. Panyunan, Using the Snorkel Method

3. Line Intercept Technique (LIT) Result

Based on the coral reef assessment conducted in Brgy. Panayunan, using the line-
intercept method, reef condition was generally poor. Soft corals were absent in the area.
Dead corals were mostly covered by assemblages algae which indicates that the corals
had been dead for a long time.
 P a g e | 13

Table 4. Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Panayunan, Using the Linei-Intercept Method

Benthic Lifeforms/Coral Reef Component Ave

Live hard coral 19.0%

White dead coral 13.5%
Dead coral with algae 12.5%
Rubble 20.0%
Rock 7.5%
Sand/Silt 27.5%
Total 100.0%

Figure 8 Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Panayunan, Using the Line-Intercept Method

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 97 fish individuals were identified and recorded such as families

considered as major reef herbivores: Acanthuridae (38.14%) and Scaridae (8.25%);
indicator of hard coral species: Chaetodontidae (13.40%), Labridae (22.68%) and
Caesionidae (17.53%).

The most abundant species belong to families of Acanthuridae and Labridae.

 P a g e | 14

Table 5. Result of Fish Visual Census Conducted in Brgy. Panayunan

English Sampling Stations

Family Name Scientific Name Total Ave
Name STN 1 STN 2
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 27 10 37 38.14%
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 7 6 13 13.40%
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 14 8 22 22.68%
Scaridae Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 3 5 8 8.25%
Caesionidae Caesio cunning Fusilier 10 7 17 17.53%
TOTAL 61 36 97 100%

Figure 9. Percentage of Fish Species Found in Brgy. Panayunan

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass beds found in Brgy. Panayunan.

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

Eleven quadrats within three transects were established with an area of 1,100 sq.
meters. A total of 257 trees were enumerated belonging to six species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
 P a g e | 15

corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Api-
api and Tinduk-tindukan, both with 83 trees and accounted for 39.67% each of all the
individuals. Other species found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of
Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest
was recorded at 1 meter while 9.5 meters at the highest measurement. The average
height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 3.68 meters. Crown cover for
each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total
crown cover for all species was 960.68 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all
species was computed as total crown cover (960.68 m2) divided by 1,100 m2 (11 quadrats
x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown cover of 87.33 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 33 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Panayonan mangrove site was 53 individuals within the 33 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 1.61 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Panayonan was found to be generally in GOOD condition based
on the computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There was no vegetation found in Brgy. Panayunan.
 P a g e | 16

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community desires the need to undergo trainings on dressmaking, food
processing, welding and heavy equipment operation. To reduce the expenses for farm
production, it is suggested that machineries for rent should be available in the area.
Drainage systems and concreting of roads are also wanted since they protect the
community from floods during heavy rains.

Continuous increase in the price of commodities, lack of financial capability to

buy farm inputs and fishing gears, increasing prices of machineries for farming are some
of the problems identified and encountered by the community. With the identification
of these issues, the community requests that the alternative livelihood and solutions
mentioned be given attention and looked into.
 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY SINABACAN, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

These unverifiable stories handed down by tradition and accepted as history or the
legend of Sinabacan, as early year 1700 and even earlier. Due to increase in population
along the Ilocos Coast, some inhabitants venture to other places for a greener pasture.
The Ilocanos were the most adventurous and hardworking people. They looked for
places that are less populated like Uacon with wide areas of uncultivated lands suitable
for all kinds of agricultural products.

Ilocanos travel in a caravan with a drawn wagon covered with mat and blanket.
The group traveled together with covered mat and blanket, from the original people living
at Sitio Bayanti, they called their group wherever they come (iti hi lay nay hinakban)
derived from there covered wagon. The people were called as HINAKBAN and later
become SINABACAN. Now, Sinabacan becomes a barangay.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Sinabacan has a total land area of 463.20 hectares. It lies between the
coordinates of 150 39’ 43” N and 1190 56’ 07” E. There are four (7) puroks in the
Barangay.
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Figure 1 Location Map of Brgy. Sinabacan, Candelaria, Zambales

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Sinabacan, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, has two

pronounced seasons, dry from February to April and wet season from July to October.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Sinabacan has a total population of 3,182 as of 2008. Approximately
the community are comprises of thirty percent (30%) children, forty percent (40%)
youth, twenty five percent (25%) adult and five percent (5%) elderly.

Average number of children in the family ranges from five (5) to eight (8).
Average family size including those who are living in the house is twelve (12). About
 P age |3

two (2) percent of the couples in the coastal area practice family planning and the most
common family planning method being adopted by couples in the barangay are pills,
injectables, ligation and condom. Population of Barangay Sinabacan continues to blow
because of natural birth and migration from Pampanga, Bulacan and Visayas who usually
have relatives living in Sinabacan.

Eighty percent (80%) of the community members are devoted Roman Catholic
while the rest are Iglesia ni Cristo, Protestants, Seventh-day Adventists, Jehovah’s
Witness, Born Again and Mormons.

When it comes to education, some parents have finished high school but most of
them only reached elementary. Their children on the other hand are now studying in
college and universities in the province. Scholarships offered from the office of
Congressman Diaz are of big help for some students who want to pursue their education
in college.

Houses in Barangay Sinabacan are 90% made of G.I. sheets and 10 % nipa/cogon
for roofing. The walls are 10% made of cement, 60% nipa/coconut fronds/bamboo and
30% wood/plywood. The window is usually made of bamboo/nipa/coconut fronds
which comprises of about eighty five (85%) and fifteen (15%) glass. Flooring materials
are usually made of cement (80%) and ten percent (10%) bamboo. About 20% of the
houses do not have toilets usually along the fishing village.

People of Barangay Sinabacan mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well which

comprises of about eighty percent (80%). Other household depend on dug well (10%)
and ten percent (10%) piped water or NAWASA.
 P age |4

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Sinabacan are:

• Schools - Barangay Health Center

- RMTU College of Nursing - Covered Court
- School of Fisheries High School - Barangay Plaza Stage
Department - Barangay Day Care
- Sinabacan Elementary School • Barangay Roads
• Churches - Asphalted Barangay Road
- Catholic Chapel - Roads under construction
- Iglesia Ni Cristo - Farm to Market Road under
- Born Again renovation
• Barangay Plaza • Barangay Bridges
- Barangay Hall • Private Resort

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Sinabacan has coastal resources like mangrove area, beaches, beach forest,
seagrass beds, agricultural area, uphill/mountain and reef shoals. These resources serve
as a source of food and income for the villagers.

The communities rated the present condition of the coastal environment in the
locality. Corral reef is rated as very good but the only problem that threatens the area is
the presence of crown of thorns. Beaches are also in very good condition but quarrying
especially of the black/magnetized sand is the perceived threat in the area. Seagrass beds,
mangroves, rivers and beach forest are rated as good and they have not identified any
problem at the moment. Agricultural area and uphill/mountains are rated as fair because
of the absence of irrigation system in agriculture. Activities like mining, illegal logging,
kaingin system and charcoal making are presently being done by the community which
are damaging to the upland area.
 P age |5

Figure 2 Community Resources Map of Brgy. Sinabacan, Candelaria, Zambales

 P age |6

Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram in Brgy. Sinabacan

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Forest Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim
Management Settlement Area (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep
Parameter bed) Shoal) water)
Mga likas na Rice fields Agoho, auri, Mangroves Magnetized Crabs Padina sp. Corals, Fishes
kayamanan (natural (rainy), Pasteur coconut, ipil- clam (lukan), sand lumot, and starfish, sea (tuna sp.)
resources) land, fruit ipil, mangga, mud skipper, talaba Sargassum urchins,
bearing trees, sampalok, api-api, sp. moorish
ancestral talisay bakawan idol, parrot
mangoes, lalaki, buta- fish, surgeon
sampaloc, buta, nipa, fish,
coconut, pagatpat, butterfly
vegetables, piapi, tinduk- fish, damsel
boulevard tindukan fish,
sergeant
fish, cardinal
fish, wrasse,
snapper
Mga uri ng Farming, govt., Wood/ Resorts, fishing fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga private, firewood fishing
pagkakataon (types employees,
of livelihood, carpentry
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of CR, Not protected Improper Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) livelihood residential toilets, fishing fishing
ooportunities waste
disposal
 P age |7

3. Livelihood

Almost thirty (30%) percent of the people of Barangay Sinabacan rely on fishing
as their primary source of income. Another major livelihood in the community is
farming. Farming is a family activity for the community because usually the wife and
children help in farm activities. There is only one (1) cropping per year for rice farming
because most ricefarms are rainfed. In addition, manual labor like carpentry is an extra
activity for male residents. Employed professionals are estimated at 20% of the
population. Vending for women on the other hand is an additional source of income for
the family. Fish, vegetables and other agricultural products are the usual goods they sell
in the community. There are three (3) backyard fishponds owned by private individuals
that culture bangus, tilapia and suahi present in the area.

There are approximately twenty (20) motorized banca and ten (10) non motorized
present in the area. All bancas are used for municipal water only.

Fisherfolk observed that their daily catch decreases because of the increasing
number of fishermen and advancement in fishing technology that enable to catch large
volume and small fishes. Activities like electro fishing in fresh water, dynamite and
cyanide fishing causes the decline in fish catch. Gleaning is prohibited in the barangay
through municipal ordinance. With the establishment of fish sanctuary, coastal resources
of barangay Sinabacan have gradually recovered according to Bantay Dagat members.

To augment their daily income and meet both ends, the community wished to
have a big motorized banca that could operate beyond municipal waters.

4. Fishing Activities

Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fish catch. Like in other barangays of

Candelaria, fishing operation is done all through out the year. The most common fishing
 P age |8

gears used in the area are; largarete (palutang), hila-hila, bubo (tapangan), kawil, spear
(pana) and lambat palubog. These fishing gears are used all through out the year. Kawil
is used in deep areas and sometimes beyond municipal area. Galunggong, hasa-hasa,
bonito, barelyete, pusit, alimango, tuna, yellow fin, papakol, blue marlin, bonito, tarian,
danggit, mulmol, mayubyob, samaral, kubalan, lapu-lapu, lobster, talakata, sapsap,
talakitok, alumahan, balaki, (goat fish), bisugo, hasa-hasa, salay-salay and alimasag are
the common species caught. All fishers in Barangay Sinabacan operate in municipal
waters but those who are operating a motorized banca sometimes go beyond fifteen (15)
kilometers from the shore.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Lambat Palubog Sapsap, talakitok, alumahan, balaki (goatfish), bisugo, hasa-hasa, salay-salay, alimasag, liplip (pelagic sp)

Pana Pusit, tarian, danggit, mulmol, mayubyob, samaral, kubalani, lapu-lapu, lobster, talakata

Kawil (maliban pag mahangin) tuna, yellowfin, papakol, marlin, bonito

(maliban sa maliwanag ang buwan) alimango

Bubo (tapangan)
Bonito, barilyete, pusit
Hila-hila
Galunggong, hasa-hasa
Largarete
(palutang)

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3 Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Sinabacan

 P age |9

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960’s to the present. From
1960’s to 1980’s, the trend did not vary. Fisherfolk used simple gear for their fishing
operation. Fish catch was usually for personal and daily consumption of fishers. In
1990’s, due to the increasing number of population and increasing rate of unemployment,
many ventures to fishing as livelihood or source of income. According to the community
the increased number of fisherfolk contributed greatly to the decline in fish catch. Others
who aspire of large volume of catch tend to use illegal method of fishing like dynamite
fishing. In 2000’s to present fish catch have decreased because of increased number of
commercial boats operating in the area. In addition, fishers believed that global warming
and discharges from NAPOCOR are factors affecting the decline of fish in the area.

Figure 4 Trend Diagram of Brgy. Sinabacan

 P a g e | 10

D. Institutional Aspect

1. Community Organizations
When Formal or Main Functions/area
People’s Organization (Pos)
Established informal of concern
Sinabacan Fishermans Associatiion 1991 formal Non-profit
(SFA)

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are the agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Local Government of Candelaria (LGU)
• Non Government Organization
• Associations (KALIPI)
 P a g e | 11

Figure 5 Institutional Diagram of Brgy. Sinabacan

The people of Barangay Sinabacan received assistance from the Department of

Agriculture (DA) through their program on pig dispersal. The Bureau of Fisheries and
Aquatic Resources (BFAR) also distributed fishing nets to indigent fisherfolk.
Associations like KALIPI also sponsored the building of the Day Care Center which
primarily helps develop a strong foundation on the education of children in the
community. They also appreciate the services of the Department of Social Welfare and
Development (DSWD) especially during calamities. The Local Government Unit (LGU)
of Candelaria has several programs/activities with regard to health services. Some of
these activities are deworming, feeding, immunization and weighing for children. In
addition, pre-natal services for pregnant women are given by the Barangay Health
Workers.
 P a g e | 12

E. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Sinabacan is fully aware of the importance of Coastal Resource
Management. Among the CRM-rekated activities being done in the area are the
following:

• Maintenance of the fish sanctuaries (One of the sanctuaries of Candelaria is located in

Barangay Sinabacan)

• Mangrove reforestation is done yearly. In 2007, a Non Government Organization

(NGO) initiated a mangrove reforestation in cooperation with the Local Government
Unit (LGU). At present, mangrove reforestation is initiated and funded by the LGU.

• Coastal clean –up is regularly done by the residents.

• Candelaria has an existing Coastal Resource Assessment which is being conducted

every year.

The community has observed that there is an area along the shore of Barangay
Sinabacan, where sea turtle lay eggs.

F. Law Enforcement
The Bantay Dagat members take turn in patrolling within the municipal waters of
Candelaria especially in Barangay Libertador, Malimanga and Sinabacan where the
Marine Protected Area is located. The area is being guarded for twenty four hours. The
community has identified activities like dynamite fishing, compressor and electro-fishing
as destructive or causing damage to the coastal area. With the perseverance of the Bantay
Dagat members, these destructive activities were reduced. If need arises, the Philippine
National Police and the Philippine Coast Guard participate in safeguarding the coastal
area of Candelaria, Zambales.
 P a g e | 13

II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

The coral reef condition in the sampling areas were manta tow survey was
conducted was poor, with an average coral cover of 12.5%. Sand, silt and rubble were
found dominantly in the two sampling areas.

Table 2. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Sinabacan

Tow Other
Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No. Observations
1 15°39’21" N 15 0 40 10 35 100
119°54’55 "E
2 15°39’39 "N 5 0 50 10 45 100
119°55’23" E
Ave 10 0 45 10 40 100

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Percentage Cover Using the Manta Tow
 P a g e | 14

Table 3. Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Sinabacan, Using the Manta Tow
% LHC % % DC
% SC
(Live Total (Dead Sand/Silt
No. Coordinates (Soft Reef Condition
Hard (Live Coral /Rubble
Coral)
Coral) Coral) )
1 15°40’20" N 15 0 15 40 35 Poor
119°55’04 "E
2 15°40’24 "N 5 0 5 50 45 Poor
119°55’49" E
Ave 10 0 10 45 40 Poor

2. Transect and Quadrat Method

The coral reef area in Brgy. Sinabacan was in poor condition, having an average
coral cover of 6.6%. Rubbles and dead corals presently observed in the area could be
attributed the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and cyanide.

Table 4. Result of Coral Assessment in Brgy. Sinabacan, Using the Transect

and Quadrat Method
Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt
animals
1 10 0 21 4 3 0 48 14
2 3.2 0 29.8 4 1 0 57 5
Ave 6.6 0 25.4 4 2 0 52.5 9.5
 P a g e | 15

Figure 7. Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Sinabacan,

Using the Snorkel Method

3. Line-Intercept Method
The coral reef assessment using the line-intercept method in sampling stations
established in Brgy. Sinabacan resulted to poor condition with an average of 12.50%
coral cover. Soft corals were absent in the area. Dead corals observed were mostly
covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that the corals had been dead for a long
time, having the highest percentage cover of 57.5%. Other components such as rubble,
sand and silt were found to be significant with percentage of 30%.

Table 5. Result of Line-Intercept Method Conducted in Brgy. Sinabacan

Benthic Lifeform/Coral Reef Components AVE %

Live hard coral 12.50%

White dead coral 35.00%
Dead coral with algae 22.50%
Rubble 20.00%
Sand/Silt 10.00%
Total 100.00%
 P a g e | 16

Figure 8. Graph Showing the Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Sinabacan, Using the Line-
Intercept Method

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 443 fish species were identified and recorded. Among which belonging
to the family of Acanthuridae (19.19%), and family of Scaridae (3.84%), which were
considered as major reef herbivores; family Chaetodontidae (7.22%) family
Pomacentridae (41.53%), family Labridae (11.06%), family Nemipteridae and Zanclidae
which comprised (4.9 %) which were indicators of hard coral species; family Lutjanidae
(0.68%), which were major reef carnivores.

Families Pomacentridae and Chaetodondae were the most dominant species found
in the sampling stations in Brgy. Sinabacan.
 P a g e | 17

Table 6. Result of Fish Visual Census in Brgy. Sinabacan

Sampling
Family Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
STN 1 STN 2
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 41 44 85 19.19
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 26 6 32 7.22
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 88 50 138 31.15
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 18 28 46 10.38
Labridae Coris batuensis Wrasse 28 21 49 11.06
Scaridae Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 13 4 17 3.84
Lutjanidae Lutjanus sp Snapper 3 0 3 0.68
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams 18 4 22 4.97
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Mooris idol 15 7 22 4.97
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 19 10 29 6.55
TOTAL 269 174 443 100.00

Figure 9. Percentage of Fish Families Observed in Brgy. Sinabacan

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

The species mostly identified in the area were the species of algae (Padina sp. and
Sargassum sp.). The area being assessed characterized with silt and muddy substrate with
 P a g e | 18

water depth of 20 – 25 meters. There were patches of the seagrass observed outside the
transect line.

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

Thirty quadrats within four transects were established with an area of 3,000 sq.
meters. A total of 612 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by
Bakauan-lalaki with 235 trees and accounted for 38.40% of all the individuals. Other
species found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per
Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 2 meters
while 8 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals
encountered was computed at 4.57 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species
was 1,816.53 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as
total crown cover (1,816.53 m2) divided by 3,000 m2 (30 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to
computed percent crown cover of 60.55 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 90 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Sinabacan mangrove site was 36 individuals within the 90 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 0.40 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Sinabacan was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on
the computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.
 P a g e | 19

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

Five quadrats within one transect were established with an area of 500 sq. meters.
A total of 50 trees were enumerated belonging to seven species, as showed in Table 3.
Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and corresponding
graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by Coconut with 12
individuals and accounted for 24% of all the trees. Other species found in the area are
listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed Barangay. Height of
the trees at the lowest was recorded at 5 meters while 15 meters at the highest
measurement. The average height of all the individuals encountered was computed at 7.1
meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average crown diameter) 2,
and the computed total crown cover for all species was 452.64 m2. Furthermore, the
percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown cover (452.64 m2)
divided by 500 m2 (5 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown cover of
90.53 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 15 regeneration plots measuring 1m x 1m located
at opposite corners of the plot and at the middle. There was no recorded regeneration
within the plots. Summary of computed parameters for the assessed beach forest are
listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed beach forest was determined following the
table on Beach Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Beach Forest
in Brgy. Sinabacan was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed
parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.
 P a g e | 20

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The only desire of the residents of Barangay Sinabacan is to have a big banca
which they can use for fishing operations. Since the province of Zambales is facing the
South China Sea, most likely the sea is very rough due to strong winds and currents
which makes sailing/fishing a very risky activity. With this a well-built boat could at
least protect the fishermen from danger.
 P age |1

PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT

BARANGAY UACON, CANDELARIA, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

Barangay Uacon before was a deserted and uninhabited place, there were plenty
of trees and the area was populated by wild animals. One time, a number of Ilocanos
settled in the neighborhood and they observed that there were many birds locally called
“uwak”. They found out that the presence of these birds was due to an infestation that
occurred in the area killing many animals. These “Uwaks” eat the flesh of the dead
animals. Ilocanos locally talked about “ENU-UAKEN idtoy” which means many birds
(uwaks) in the area. Later on, ENU-UAKEN was labelled Uacon.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Uacon lies between the coordinates of 150 40’ 32” N and 1190 56’ 17”
E. Barangay Uacon is located along the national hi-way and is at the northern most part
of Candelaria. Uacon is bounded by the South China Sea at the West and Uacon River at
the east. There are four (4) sitios in the Barangay wherein Sitio Bague is the largest
sitio. It has a total land area of 1065.31has. The shoreline length is 2.75km, and the
barangay water is about 41.25km²
 P age |2

Figure 1. Location Map of Brgy. Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales (www.mapcentral.ph)

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Uacon, like other coastal barangays of Candelaria, has two pronounced
seasons, dry from February to May and wet season from June to October.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Uacon has the largest population in Candelaria, Zambales with a total
population of three thousand one hundred thirty four (3,134) as of 2007. One thousand
five hundred ninety (1,590) or 50.73% of the population are male while one thousand five
hundred forty four (1544) or 49.26% are female.
 P age |3

Average number of children in the family ranges from four (4) to six (6). Almost
all of the couples in Barangay Uacon practice family planning. The most common
family planning method being adopted by couples in the barangay are pills, injectables,
ligation and condom. Though most couples practiced family planning method,
population of Barangay Uacon is still increasing because of natural birth and migration of
people from the Visayas Islands and the nearby province of Pangasinan.

Seventy percent (70%) of the community members are devoted Roman Catholics
while the rest belong to the Iglesia ni Cristo, Muslim, Seventh-day Adventists, Born
Again, Methodist and Baptist.

When it comes to education, most of the parents have only reached secondary or
high school levels. Their children on the other hand, have attained college degrees or are
still studying. Just like in the other nearby localities, children of some families have
stopped pursuing their education due to financial problems. However, a number of
scholarships are being offered by Non Government Organizations (NGO), LGU and
some private individuals.

Houses in Barangay Uacon are 90% made of G.I. sheets and 10 % nipa/cogon for
roofing. The walls are 90% made of cement and 10% nipa/buho. The window is
usually made of glass and wood. Flooring materials are usually constructed with the use
of cement and bamboo. About 90% of the houses have toilets, the remaining 10% shares
toilet with their neighbors.

People of Barangay Uacon mostly depend on jetmatic/artesian well. Other

household depend on piped water from Candelaria Water District. Uacon have
communal water that supplies water of about forty (40) houses along the hi-way.
 P age |4

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Uacon are the following:

• Day Care Center • Resorts

• Barangay Hall • Gasoline Station
• Health Center • Rice Mill
• Elementary School • Hardware
(Private & Public school) • Church
• Senior Citizen Hall

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Uacon has coastal resources that include beach forest, mangrove area,
seagrass beds, agricultural area, uphill/mountains and reef shoals. They serve as a source
of food and income for the villagers that have access to these resources. Aside from these
coastal resources, other sources of aquatic organisms include Uacon Lake which is very
famous in the area.

The community rated the present condition of the coastal environment in their
locality. Only tidal flats and uphill/mountains are rated as fair. There are certain
mountain parts that were cleared of vegetation and trees because of mining of mineral
deposits. Tidal flats were rated fair because these were damaged by the recent
typhoons that visited the area. Coral reefs, seagrass beds, rivers, beach forests and
agricultural areas were in good condition. Mangrove forests were in very good condition
because they were still bushy. The beach areas were also in very good condition
because of their cleanliness.
 P age |5

Figure 2 Community Resources Map of Brgy. Uacon, Candelaria

 P age |6

Table 1 Transect Walk Diagram of Brgy. Uacon

Habitat Management Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim
Parameter Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep
Area bed) Shoal) water)
Mga likas na Fruit bearing Fruit Bakawan recreation shells Fishes, Parrotfish, fishes
kayamanan (natural trees, bearing lalaki, Padina sp., surgeon
resources) vegetables fruits, pagatpat, assorted fish,
agoho, kalapini species of butterfly
aroma, seagrass fish, damsel
coconut, fish,
mango, sergeant
talisay fish,
cardinal
fish,
snapper,
wrasse
Mga uri ng Bagoong farming resort fishing fishing fishing
hanapbuhay, mga making, dried
pagkakataon fish, making,
farming
(types of livelihood,
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of Existence of Illegal
(problems/issues) livelihood crown of fishing
opportunities thorns
 P age |7

3. Livelihood
People of Barangay Uacon have three main sources of livelihood that includes
fishing, farming and seasonal labor like carpentry and mango spraying. Approximately,
30% of the community is dependent on farming and 40% on fishing. Farm production is
usually one (1) cropping per year because it solely depends on the occurrence of rain
while for those who have enough money to finance their water system are dependent on
pumping from underground water and streams.

There are thirty (30) motorized and twenty (20) non motorized boats present in
the area. Barangay Uacon has approximately one hundred (100) full-time municipal
registered fisherfolk.

These local fisherfolk observed that their daily income decreases because of the
increasing number of fishermen and depletion of the coastal resources due to illegal
fishing activities like the use of dynamites. Majority of the fish catch is usually
transported to the public market for selling while other fish catch were marketed by their
wives of the fishers. Gleaning is prohibited in the barangay through municipal ordinance.
Some community members especially the mothers have attended trainings on boneless
bangus and food processing sponsored by the Government Agencies like the Provincial
Social Welfare and Development.

To augment their daily income, the community desires to operate backyard

piggeries and sari-sari stores.

4. Fishing Activities
Calendar diagram illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing operation was
done all through-out the year. The most common fishing gears used in the area are; hila-
hila, set gill net, drift gill net, spear (pana), kitang, crab pot, singapong and largarete.
Crab pot is used on the month of June to October. Largarete is used in February to May
and only a few fisherfolk used this type of gear. Singapong is used during dark nights.
Talakitok, dual, tanigui, bonito, baralyete, alimasag, bangus, aligasin, samaral, sword
 P age |8

fish, sap-sap, tarian, pugita, lapu-lapu, kulanggutan, lobster, bisugo, dilis, tirong, ora-or,
alumahan, galunggong and tamban are the common species caught. All fisherfolk in
Barangay Uacon get their catch in municipal waters but those who are operating a
motorized banca sometimes can fish beyond fifteen (15) kilometers from the shore.

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Largarete Alumahan, galunggong, tamban

Singgapong Dilis, small fish, tirong, ora-or

Crab, bangus, sugpo, alimasag

Crab pot
Bisugo, lapu-lapu, talakitok
Kitang

Pana Tarian, pugita, lapu-lapu, samaral, kulanggutan, lobster

Swordfish, sapsap
Palutang

Palubog Alimasag, bangus, aligasin, isdag bato, samaral, talakitok

Hila-hila Talakitok, dual, tanigue, bonito, baralyete (pelagic fish)

WIND
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-ulan

Tag-init

Figure 3 Calendar Diagram of Brgy. Uacon

 P age |9

The trend diagram shows fish catch from 1970’s to the present. In 1970’s, fish
catch was sold at P2.50/lata. Fishing gears used is usually the traditional types. In 1980’s
– 1990’s a slight decrease in fish catch was observed because of the increase in population
and the seasonal occurrence of fishes being caught. In 2000’s the present volume of fish
catch was maintained due to measures curbing the illegal fishing activities through the
proper implementation of Municipal Fisheries Ordinances. Furthermore, Marine Protected
Areas (MPAs) were established in Barangay Libertador and Sinabacan.

Figure 4 Trend Diagram of Brgy. Uacon

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
KALIPI(formerly Zambaleña) formal

FARMC

Bague Neighborhood Association

Samahan ng Magsasaka sa Candelaria 2002 formal livelihood

(SAMASACA )
 P a g e | 10

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR)

• Department of Agriculture (DA)
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
• Municipal Government of Candelaria (LGU)
• Non Government Organization

Figure 5 Institutional Diagram of Brgy. Uacon

People of Barangay Uacon recognizes the services of the Department of Social

Welfare and Development (DSWD), Local Government Unit (LGU) of Candelaria, the
Department of Agriculture (DA), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
and the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

The Local Government of Candelaria has several programs/activities with regard

to health services. Some of this activities are deworming, feeding, immunization,
 P a g e | 11

weighing and Garantisadong Pambata for children. In addition, pre-natal services for
pregnant women are offered and are being assisted by the Barangay Health Workers.

E. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Uacon has an existing mangrove reforestation project which was

initiated by the Samahan ng Magsasaka sa Candelaria (SAMACA). Also, a Non
Government Organization (NGO) spearheads a coastal clean-up project in the area.

The municipality of Candelaria has an existing Coastal Resource Assessment

Program that is conducted every year. Their recent activity involves the gathering of
“crown of thorns” a large nocturnal sea star that preys upon coral polyps. For only five
days, divers have already collected approximately three thousand (3,000) crown of
thorns.

It is also suggested that zoning or municipal water boundaries be established.

The community is supportive and highly participative when it comes to activities and
programs on Coastal Resource Management.

F. Law Enforcement

The Bantay Dagat take turns in protecting the coastal areas of barangay Uacon
and the municipal waters of Candelaria covering the three barangays of Libertador,
Malimanga and Sinabacan where the Marine Protected Area is located. The BFARMC
also helps in the enforcement of coastal laws in the area.

The community has identified several illegal fishing activities like dynamite
fishing, use of fine mesh net and improper disposal of waste as the main causes in the
 P a g e | 12

deterioration of the coastal area. Nonetheless, with the continuous operation of the
Bantay Dagat, these destructive activities were reduced.

II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Sand, silt and rubble were found dominant in area. The reef condition is poor
having an average live coral cover of 12.5%.

Table 2. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Uacon

Tow Other
Coordinates LHC SC DC DCA Sand/Silt/Rubble Total
No. Observations
1 15°40’20" N 15 0 15 25 45 100
119°55’04 "E
2 15°40’24 "N 10 0 15 25 50 100
119°55’49" E
 P a g e | 13

Figure 6. Graph Showing the Result of Manta Tow Survey

Table 3. Coral Reef Condition in Brgy. Uacon Using the Manta Tow Survey

%
%
LHC % SC % DC
Total Reef
No. Coordinates (Live (Soft (Dead Sand/Silt/Rubble
(Live Cndition
Hard Coral) Coral)
Coral)
Coral)
1 15°40’20" N 15 0 15 15 45 Poor
119°55’04 "E
2 15°40’24 "N 10 0 10 15 50 Poor
119°55’49" E
Overall Average 12.5 0 12.5 15 47.5 Poor
 P a g e | 14

2. Transect and Quadrat Method

Coral reef area in Brgy. Uacon is in poor condition, based from the result of
snorkel survey conducted. Rubbles and dead corals presently observed in the area could
be attributed the use of destructive fishing activities particularly the dynamite and
cyanide.

Table 4. Percentage Coral Cover of Brgy. Uacon, Using Snorkel Survey

Trans. Other Other

LHC SC DC DCA Plants Rubble/Rock Sand/Silt Total
No. animals Observations
1 12 1 10 7 9 0 38 24 100
2 1 0 1 0 3 0 52 43 100
Ave 6.5 0 5.5 3.5 6 0 45 33.5 100

Figure 7. Graph Showing the Average Percentage Coral Cover in Brgy. Uacon,
Using the Snorkel Survey
 P a g e | 15

3. Line-Intercept Method
Result of Coral Reef Assessment in Brgy. Uacon using the line intercept method
is poor condition Soft corals were absent in the area. Dead corals observed were mostly
covered by assemblages of algae which indicate that the corals had been dead for a long
time. Rubbles recorded make a significant percentage of the total reef bottom cover.

Table 5 . Average Percentage Coral and Benthic Cover of Brgy. Uacon,

Using Line-Intercept-Method

Benthic Lifeforms/Coral Reef Components AVE %

Live hard coral 12.50%
Live soft coral 0.00%
White dead coral 6.00%
Dead coral with algae 26.50%
Turt algae 0.00%
Fleshy microalgae 0.00%
Coralline algae 12.50%
Sponges 0.00%
Others animals 0.00%
Seagrass 0.00%
Rubble 22.50%
Rock 0.00%
Sand/Silt 20.00%
Total 100.00%
 P a g e | 16

Figure 8. Graph Showing the Ave. Coral Cover of Brgy. Uacon,

Using Line Intercept Method

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 20 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the family of
Acanthuridae and 3 fish individuals were from the family of Scaridae which were
considered as major reef herbivores.

Indicator of hard coral species from the family Chaetodontidae has 45 individuals
and family Pomacentridae has 71 (Damsel fish and Sergeant fish), family Labridae has 14
and family Lutjanidae has only 1 which were considered as major reef carnivores.

Families Pomacentridae and Chaetodondae were the most abundant followed by

the families Acanthuridae and Labridae.
 P a g e | 17

Table 6. Summary of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Size Estimated in Brgy. Uacon,
Candelaria, Zambales

Sampling
Family Name Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
STN 1 STN 2
Acanthuridae Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 7 15 22 14.01
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 33 12 45 28.66
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 20 24 44 28.03
Pomacentridae Abuldefduf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 25 2 27 17.20
Labridae Coris batuensis Wrasse 14 0 14 8.92
Scaridae Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 3 0 3 1.91
Lutjanidae Lutjanus sp Snapper 1 0 1 0.64
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 1 0 1 0.64
TOTAL 104 53 157 100

Table 7. Graph Showing the Percentage of Fish Identified and Estimated in Brgy. Uacon

C. Seagrass Beds Habitat Assessment

Seagrass assessment was conducted in southern and northern part of Potipot
Island. There were four commonly species of seagrass identified: Syringodium
isoetifolium, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides, and Halodule uninerves.
Thalassia hemprichii was found to be the dominant species.Bottom substrate is composed
 P a g e | 18

mostly of sand and silt. Most of the seagrass in the area associated with algae (Padina
sp.) occurred with depth ranges from 1 to 2 meters.

Table 8. Seagrass Cover in Brgy. Uacon, Candelaria, Zambales

Transect Quadrat Total

Si Th Ea Hu Substrate Other Observation/s
No. No. Cover (%)
1 1 22 50 0 0 72 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
2 22 45 0 0 67 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
3 25 15 15 0 55 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
4 20 0 15 55 90 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
5 15 10 0 25 50 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
Ave 21 24 6 16 66.8
2 1 20 20 0 1 41 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
2 10 50 0 1 61 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
3 20 50 0 0 70 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
4 5 25 0 0 30 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
5 50 5 0 1 56 Sandy/Muddy leaves associated w/ algae
Ave 21 30 0 1 51.6

Figure 9. Graph Showing the Percentage Seagrass Cove in Brgy. Uacon

 P a g e | 19

D. Mangrove Forest Habitat Assessment

Thirty-seven quadrats within five transects were established with an area of 3,700
sq. meters. A total of 388 trees were enumerated belonging to three species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by
Bakauan-lalaki with 350 trees and accounted for 90.21% of all the individuals. Other
species found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per
Assessed Barangay. Height of the mangrove trees at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters
while 9.5 meters at the highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals
encountered was computed at 6.59 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as
0.7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species
was 6,006.52 m2. Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as
total crown cover (6,006.52 m2) divided by 3,700 m2 (37 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to
computed percent crown cover of 162.34 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 111 plots measuring 1m x 1m located at opposite
corners of the plot and at the middle. The computed total regeneration count for Brgy.
Uacon mangrove site was 90 individuals within the 111 regeneration plots. The
computed regeneration for the assessed mangrove site was 0.81 regenerations per square
meter. Summary of computed parameters for the mangrove site are listed in Table 1 and
showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed mangrove site was determined following
the table on Mangrove Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report.
Mangove site in Brgy. Uacon was found to be generally in GOOD condition based on the
computed parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.
 P a g e | 20

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

Thirty-eight quadrats within 13 transects were established with an area of 3,800
sq. meters. A total of 74 trees were enumerated belonging to five species, as showed in
Table 3. Total Number of Trees per Species in the Assessed Barangays and
corresponding graphical presentation. The assessed area was mainly dominated by
Coconut with 39 individuals and accounted for 52.70% of all the trees. Other species
found in the area are listed in Table 2, Summary of Encountered Species per Assessed
Barangay. Height of the trees at the lowest was recorded at 3 meters while 19 meters at
the highest measurement. The average height of all the individuals encountered was
computed at 6.36 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as 0.7854 (average
crown diameter)2, and the computed total crown cover for all species was 574.86 m2.
Furthermore, the percent crown cover of all species was computed as total crown cover
(574.86 m2) divided by 3,800 m2 (38 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent
crown cover of 15.13 %.

Seedlings and saplings (regenerations) were also noted during the assessment.
The regeneration results were based on 114 regeneration plots measuring 1m x 1m
located at opposite corners of the plot and at the middle. There was no recorded
regeneration within the plots. Summary of computed parameters for the assessed beach
forest are listed in Table 1 and showed in graphs.

The general condition of the assessed beach forest was determined following the
table on Beach Habitat Assessment Criteria presented earlier in this report. Beach Forest
in Brgy. Uacon was found to be generally in FAIR condition based on the computed
parameters and disturbance observations recorded in the field.
 P a g e | 21

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community wishes to learn some knowledge on fish and meat processing in
order to increase their income. Backyard piggery and sari-sari store are most likely
preferred by women as an alternative livelihood that could help in augmenting the
income of their families. Some fisherfolk also suggested that CARP beneficiaries be
given agricultural inputs as an initial capital.
 PICTORIALS
Socio-Economic Survey in Candelaria, Zambales

1. Barangay Malabon
2. Barangay Malimanga
3. Barangay Panayonan
4. Barangay Libertador
5. Barangay Dampay
6. Barangay Binabalian
7. Barangay Sinabacan
 PICTORIALS
Habitat Assessment in Candelaria, Zambales

1. Barangay Sinabacan
2. Barangay Uacon
3. Barangay Panayunan
4. Barangay Dampay
5. Barangay Malimanga
6. Barangay Libartador
7. Barangay Binabalian
8. Barangay Malabon
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Binabalian Candelaria, Zambales
April 2, 2009

Name Affiliation
Buddy Encina
Fernando Callad
Domiciana E.
Dumlao BHW
Alvin D. Estella
Bantay
Jesus Matela Dagat
Bantay
Manny E. Alota Dagat
Manuel Ebalobos
Brgy. Captain
Renato E. Ebilane
Jaime C. Ednilao MFARMC
Jocelyn Ebidag
Godie Echian
Teodolfo Misola
Felicitas M.
Elamparo BNS/BHW
Paulito Escalante
Bernard Encina
Andrea Edqulay BHW
Ela T. Echon
Gloria Ebuenga BHW
Salvacion F. Ruiz MFARMC
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Dampay Candelaria, Zambales
April 2, 2009

Name Affiliation
Jose Revera
Felomina Edora BHW
Clarita Fallorin BHW
Jaime Ednilao MFARMC
Elena b. Lucero AT/RO
Salvacion Ruiz MFARMC
Pablito Echiparre
Sr. DFA
Nanette Atrero BHW
Wilhelmina
Valencia BHW
Nancy Lacabe
Elena V. Afgao BNS/BHW
Andres Tanales
Eva Anama
Nida Palomo
Chalila Valencia
Minerva G. Atrero
Lorelie Almandres
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Libertador Candelaria, Zambales
April 1, 2009

Name Affiliation
Clarissa Eclevia
Renato Angeles
Edgar Febie
Jaime Ednilao MFARMC
Gloria Ebuenga Bantay Dagat
Carmelita Edguid BHW
Salvacion Ruiz MFARMC
Josephine A.
Morado
Aladino E. Edguid PRMZA
Hillard Falloria
Aurora Germogino
Elena Lucero AT/RO
Nenita I. Anamos
Carmen I. Fallorina
Nida Fallamino
Djoey Dela Llana
Ely Hermogino
Hector P. Cervantes Bantay Dagat
Rex H. Atrero AT/RO
Manny E. Alota
Virgilio Paasa MFARMC
Boy Bustamante Bantay Dagat
Orlino Ednalan Bantay Dagat
Modesto Montejo Bantay Dagat
Katie Sheppard PCV
Rolando Tubig Bantay Dagat
Ramon Montejo Bantay Dagat
Deomedes Cestina
Jr. BFAR 3
Jeffrey Marquez BFAR 3
Ruperto C. apilado Bantay Dagat Chair
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Panayonan Candelaria, Zambales
March 31, 2009

Name Affiliation

Imelda Ecalne BFARMC

Thelma F. Menor Bantay Dagat
Adelaida Eclevia BFARMC/MFARMC/BD
Divina Manuel DENR
Castoria Pelisigas Brgy. Secreatary
Jerry Alop DENR
Leila Najera DENR
Virginia Marquez BHW
Benjie Factor Brgy. Secretary
Genaro Agagas
Elena Lucero
Jayne Edrada
Carlito Ecalner
Emerson Factor
Pedincio Ecalner
Frankie Ecle Bantay Dagat
Victor Dizon AT/RO
Joe Rivera
Jerry Edrada MFARMC
Salvacion Ruiz MFARMC
Neil Imperial
Deomedes Cestina
Jr. BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Sinabacan Candelaria, Zambales
March 27, 2009

Name Affiliation
Marcos E. Villanueva SAMACA
Rolando L. Tubig Bantay Dagat
Virgilio Ebuenga BFARMC
Gloria Ebuenga Bantay Dagat
Jaime Ednilao BFARMC/MFARMC/BD
Lorelie Almandres DENR
Orlino Ednalino Brgy. Secreatary
Lawrence Aporto DENR
Marion Cestina DENR
Esther Ebuen BHW
Efren Ebuen Brgy. Secretary
Noel M. Neri
Ryan M. Geraldino
Eugene Baril Jr.
Lico Montejo
Eufemia Montejo
Orlando Montejo
Ruperto C. Apilado Bantay Dagat
Elena B. Lucero AT/RO
Reynaldo Reoligio
Salvacion F. Ruiz MFARMC
Deomedes Cestina Jr. BFAR 3
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Malabon Candelaria, Zambales
March 26, 2009

Name Affiliation
Federico Ecalde
Lourdes H. Ebdane
Saje, Jeffrey L.
Lorelie Almandres DENR
Ofelia Suarez SMLA
Analie Ednane SMLA
Rikki Pobletin
Lutgarda Mortet SMLA
Elena b. Lucero AT/RO
Reynaldo Reoligio PFO
Rufino Ednane
Deeniel Ednane
Marie Echipare
Jaime Ednilao BFARMC/MFARMC
Albert Mass
Ryan Ednane
Joel Ednane
Jake Ednilao
Danding Ednane
Lito Quizon
Jackson Ednane
Diego Quintino
Manny Elamparo
Larry Elamparo
Reynaldo Ednane
Lawrence Aporto DENR R3
Marion Cestina
Salvacion F. Ruiz MFARMC
Gloria B. Ebuenga
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Malimanga Candelaria, Zambales
March 25, 2009

Name Affiliation
Jose Enciso
Vincent James
Pulusan Brgy. Kagawad
Peace Corps
Marcelo Edejer Volunteer
Jose Gervasio Enciso
Neil Eclevia
Oliver Pagaduan Brgy. Kagawad
Venus E. Tremor Brgy. Secreatary
Elena Lucero AT/R.O.
Reynaldo Reoligio PFO
Ma. Adora Enciso
Lorelie Almandres DENR
Lawrence Aporto DENR
Marion Cestina
Salvacion F. Ruiz MFARMC
Gloria B. Ebuenga
Deomedes Cestina Jr. BFAR 3
Harlyn Recabar BFAR 3
 Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Uacon Candelaria, Zambales
March 24, 2009

Name Affiliation
Gloria Ebuenga Bantay Dagat
Jaime Ednilao MFARMC
Katie Sheppard Peace Corps Volunteer
Piadoso Eduave
Edilberto Ebalo Bantay Dagat
Pablito Echipare Sr. Bantay Dagat
Joel Perez Bantay Dagat
Modesto Montejo Bantay Dagat
Virgilio Ebuenga Bantay Dagat
Boy Bestamante Bantay Dagat
Edwin Ebdane MPDO
Richard C. Reglos LGU Candelaria
Orlino Ednilao Bantay Dagat
Rhea Cruz BHW
Asuncion Tolentino CBHW
Delia L. Ealdama BHW
Shirley M. Apongol BHW
Arlyn M. Asia BHW
Lorelie Almandres DENR
P. Apongol Brgy. Kagawad
Ruperto Apilado Bantay Dagat Chairman
Laila M. Cayayan BNS/BHW
Lawrence A. Aporto DENR III
Marion Cestina DENR III
Salvacion F. Ruiz MFARMC, Candelaria