Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Regional Office III

Table of Contents
Page No.

Title Page
Table of Contents
List of Tables

Introduction 1
- Municipal Profile 1

PCRA Process 5
- Methodology 5
• Interview 5
• Transect Walk 6
• Community Resources Mapping 7
• Habitat Assessment
- Mangrove 7
- Seagrass Beds 9
- Coral Reefs 10
- Fish Visual 11
- Beach Forest 12

Results and Discussion 15

- Socio-Economic Interview 15
• Education 16
• Religion 17
• Housing 19
• Community Resources 19
• Livelihood 21
• Fishing Activities 24
• Solid Waste Management 26
• People’s Organizations 26
• External Supporting Agencies 27
• Costal Resource Management 27
• Law Enforcement 28
• Issues and Concerns 29
 Page No.

- Habitat Assessment 30
• Coral Reefs 30
• Fish Visual 32
• Seagrass Beds 35
• Mangroves 35
• Beach Forest 39

Summary/Conclusion 45
 List of Tables
Page No.

Table 1 - Estimated Population per Barangay of Cabangan, Zambales 5

Table 2 - Habitat criteria rating chart for seagrass 10

Table 3 - Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs 11

Table 4 - Pictograph of fish abundance 12

Table 5 - Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number 15

of Children of the Coastal Barangays of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 6 - Households with toilets and sources of potable water for 16

Coastal Barangays of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 7 - List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of 19

San Felipe, Zambales

Table 8 - List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal 20

Barangays of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 9 - Average individual income per day of the working class of the 21
Coastal Barangays of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 10 - Number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized 21

boats of the Coastal Barangays of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 11 - Skills Inventory and Past and Present Livelihood in 22

Cabangan, Zambales

Table 12 - People’s organizations of the Coastal Barangays of 26

Cabangan, Zambales

Table 13 – Issues and Concerns, by Barangay 28

Table 14 - Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays 30

of Cabangan, Zambales

Table 15 - Fish Species Observed in Cabangan, Zambales 31

Table 16 - Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay 39

Table 17 - Summary of Encountered Species Per Assessed Barangay 40

 MUNICIPALITY OF BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. INTRODUCTION
The resources within the coastal zone of the Municipality of Botolan are important assets
for sustaining many goods and services, food and livelihoods for the present and future
generations of its citizens. This clearly points to the need for the development and
implementation of a long term community-based integrated Coastal Resource Management
Program (ICRM) as the centerpiece LGU strategy to attain sustainable use and effective multi-
sectoral management of resources in the coastal zone.

The formulation and adoption of an ICRM plan is the framework from whence effective
and timely solutions to the issues that currently beset the coastal environment of Botolan can be
pursued through the implementation of management interventions that include solid waste
management system, watershed rehabilitation, zoning and shoreline management, coastal law
enforcement, livelihood and enterprise development, and habitat conservation. These
management interventions are the focal conservation and sustainable development strategies in
Botolan’s ICRM plan, aimed at instituting multi-sectoral collaboration, improving local capacity
for environmental management, establishing more responsive mechanisms for effective law
enforcement and compliance, regaining habitat health and integrity, reinforce policy formulation
and building popular support to a wide range of sustainable coastal management strategies. The
ultimate goal is to effectively address priority issues identified during consultation workshops so
that economic and social upliftment of fisherfolks and coastal communities can be sustained
indefinitely.

A. Municipal Profile

Botolan was established in 1819. This town was named after a copious kind of
banana plant with sweet seedy fruit called “botol-an” which was found along the western
bank of the brook, which is now the eastern boundary of the town. The word “botol” was
derived from Zambal (Tina), which means seed plus “an” meaning with.

1 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 The former site of this town was Babon-Poponan, also named babayan. It was
established when Doña Teresa, Pedro Daet and Lucas secured permit from Manila to
establish a town. Aside from the permits, they were given a church bell and an image of Sta.
Monica (Figure 2), the Patron Saint of the town whose feast day is on the 4th of May. Some
missionary priests were assigned to reconquest the town. Among them were Fr. Nicolas
Manabat and Fr. Francisco Salazar (1810-1819) until the people were brought together to
form a community.

In Zambales, Botolan claimed to have the highest mine deposit, the largest available
lands, the best fishing zones, most abundant in timber and forest product. Language of
Botoleños are Botolan Zambal, Ilocano and Filipino. It is composed of 31 barangays. The
major livelihood of Botoleños is farming, others are fishing, logging, cattle raising, mining,
salt making, bocayo-linga making, mat- weavings and basketry.

(a)

(b)
Figure 1. (a) The image of Sta. Monica given during the establishment of the
municipality and (b) Mt. Pinatubo eruption news clipping

2 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 The violent eruption of Mt. Pinatubo on June 15, 1991 (Figure 1) ranks as one of the
largest volcanic events of the century. Eleven barangays were buried deep in volcanic ash
and lahar. The people had gone through untold suffering and uncertainty. However, ten years
after the “big bang”, the various social and economic structure of the town is again grinding
briskly.

Botolan, in her present set-up is a municipality that grew from its glorious past. This
may be accredited to the good governance afforded by the leaders to the municipality with
the utmost cooperation of the community.

Botolan, in her present set-up is a municipality that grew from its glorious past. This
may be accredited to the good governance afforded by the leaders to the municipality with
the utmost cooperation of the community.

3 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Figure 2. Map showing the relative location of Municipality of Botolan,
Province of Zambales. (Map Prepared By DENR RIII)

4 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

II. PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT PROCESS

Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment (PCRA) is a process of gathering and

analyzing information involving the participation of local resource users in CRM planning and
implementation. PCRA focuses on the resource assessment from the perspective of the coastal
resource users and integrates wisdom and knowledge with technical and academic expertise in
CRM (Deguit et al., 2004).

A. Methodology

1. Interview
Interviewing is a method of gathering secondary data or information by asking questions.
The two parties involved in the interview process are the interviewers and the respondents. In
this process, a focus group discussion was conducted. The respondents were gathered and were
asked by the interviewers with questions coming from the questionnaire. Most of the questions
asked dealt with knowledge, attitudes and perceptions about the marine environment, perceived
status of the resources, assessment of trends in fish catch, perceived problems, concerns and
issues and proposed solutions to these problems which they raised. Socio-economic data like
occupation, income, housing condition and household composition were also being asked.

2. Transect Walk
A transect diagram is a method showing the profile of the assessed barangay or locality.
It is used because it generally includes the terrestrial part of the community extending out to the
coastal area. This method is done by drawing an imaginary cross-section line through a map of
the community. The participants followed the line of the map during the walk in order to observe
the various habitats, characteristics, uses, problems, and opportunities. Facilitators were also
advised to spent time with the community members in order to generate more information about
the area’s coastal zones and resources.

5 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 3. Community Resources Mapping
Maps are some of the most important tools in planning and implementing CRM projects.
Without maps, it would be difficult to understand the many variables essential in planning. With
maps, the extent and conditions of resources and habitats can be laid out and analyzed in a spatial
and visual and tangible manner. By laying the various zones, resources, infrastructures,
development activities, opportunities, threats and issues on the map, the community is able to
situate the condition of their coastal area in a visual and tangible manner.

Various information that can be mapped are as follows:

1. Boundaries
2. Roads
3. Settlements
4. Other infrastructures
5. Natural resources
6. Land Use
7. Zonation
8. Other special interests

As with PCRA activities, community mapping helps point out spatial details and new
information on features which conditions vary over space and which locations vary over time.
Maps are also important media, allowing more effective communication between and among
stakeholders involved in CRM.

The community people are the main actors in this activity. They are the ones who will
map out the various resources present in their locality as well as the problems and issues which
they want to address.

Source: ICRMP TOT on PCRA Manual

6 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 4. Habitat Assessment
a. Mangrove Transect
During actual habitat assessment, a reconnaissance of the mangrove area to be
assessed was conducted then a baseline was laid at the start of the mangrove area to be
assessed, where the starting point of all transect lines will emanate. At the starting point,
a transect line was measured perpendicular to the baseline (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Species of mangrove species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the transect line
were identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown diameter noted on a
prepared field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings and saplings (regenerations)
on a 1 m. x 1 m. quadrat in two corners and middle of the 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x
10m quadrats along the transect line were measured until the transect line meets the open sea or
end of mangrove area. After the first transect, series of transect lines were measured
perpendicular to the baseline on a 20-meter transect interval, doing the same data collection and
measurements, until at least five percent of the estimated mangrove area were already

7 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

covered/represented. All raw data and measurements collected were then transcribed from the
data sheet to a prepared tabular form for data processing and evaluation. Data gathered were then
processed into a computer to derive the parameters in describing a mangrove area, with the
following formulas used in the analysis:

 Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.
2
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula
/4d or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)
 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition below:

Table 1. Habitat criteria rating chart for Mangroves

CONDITION CRITERIA

76% and above in % Crown Cover

Excellent 1 Regeneration per m2
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance

8 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 51% – 75% Crown Cover
Good <1 – 0.76 regeneration per m2
<5m – 3m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings
26% – 50% Crown Cover
Fair 0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
<3m – 2m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor <2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

b. Seagrass Transect
To determine the abundance and distribution of seagrass, a 50 meter transect line
was laid perpendicular to the shore with calibration at every 5 meters. A 1 x 1 meter
quadrant which was divided into 4 subsquares was also used for easy percentage cover
estimation. Each square is equivalent to 25% which total to 100%. Seagrass together with
other lifeforms, substrate types, organism, human and natural impacts were also noted.
Based on the cover estimation gathered, the condition of the seagrass habitat was
determined using the Habitat Criteria Rating Chart (Table 2).

Table 2. Habitat criteria rating chart for Seagrass

Condition Criteria

Excellent 76-100% seagrass cover

Good 51-75% seagrass cover

Fair 26-50% seagrass cover

Poor 0-25% seagrass cover

Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

9 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 c. Coral Reef Assessment
Three methods of assessment were used to determine the present status of all the
coral reef habitat of all the coastal barangays of Sta. Cruz. They were the Manta Tow
Method, Snorkel Method (quadrat and transect), and Point Intercept Method.

In the Manta Tow Method it involves the snorkeler who observes an underwater
area of good visibility, while being pulled by a boat. It is the first and foremost
assessment being conducted by the diving team to initially determine the presence of
coral reef in the locality.

The Snorkel Method is executed by swimming over the transect line and counting
all corals inside the standard area of observation of the transect line which is within the
area of counting of the quadrant held by the observer.

The Point Intercept Method involves the counting of corals present in the area of
observation of the transect line with a 25 cm interval between 2 points.

Table 3. Habitat criteria rating chart for coral reefs

Condition Criteria

Excellent 76-100% hard coral cover

Good 51-75% hard coral cover

Fair 26-50% hard coral cover

Poor 0-25% hard coral cover

Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

10 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 d. Fish Visual Census
The fish community was assessed by Fish Visual Census (FVC) method. The
FVC was done along the transect line used for the assessment of the coral vegetation.
Waiting time of 10-15 min. was allocated to allow the fishes to resume its normal
behavior. The observer will swim slowly along the transect counting the fishes observed
within the 5 m range in both sides and above the transect line. Major taxonomic group of
reef fishes was identified. Total length of fishes was estimated also to the nearest
centimeter. For each transect, this length will be the average for each major taxa. Fishes
were also identified according to the fish category which includes target species, non-
target species and indicator species. For easy representation of the average number of
fishes per category, a pictograph of fish abundance was shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Pictograph of fish abundance

Number of Fishes Pictograph

> 0-5

> 5-25

>25-125

>125-625

>625

Source: Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment Training Guide

11 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 e. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment
A thorough reconnaissance of the beach forest was carried out in order for the
team to evaluate the variability of vegetation, extent, distribution and complexity of the
area for assessment. Such intuitive view leads the team to a better decision on how the
location of the baseline should be laid out and the corresponding length which will be
required.

After conducting the reconnaissance and have reached decision on the location of
the baseline, a first transect perpendicular to the baseline was laid out. Series of quadrats
measuring 10m x 10m along the transect were established (see illustration).

1 m x 1 m regeneration plots

10
m

10 m
Transect line

Quadrat 5

Regeneration
plots Quadrat 4

Quadrat 3

Quadrat 2

Quadrat 1

Strip Transect 1

Beach forest species inside the first 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat along the transect line
were identified, its height measured/estimated and two readings of its crown diameter
were noted on a prepared field data sheet. Also noted were the number of seedlings and

12 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 saplings (regenerations) found inside the 1 m. x 1 m. quadrats which are established in
two corners and middle of each 10 m. x 10 m. quadrat. Series of 10m x 10m quadrats
along the transect line. After the first transect, series of transect lines were established
perpendicular to the baseline with a 20-meter transect interval, performing the same data
collection and measurements, until at least five percent of the estimated mangrove area
were covered/represented.

Collected data from the field were transcribed from the data sheet into a tabular
form. Data processing and analysis were performed for discussion in the report, using the
following the formulas:

 Crown diameter (2 measures) - the average of the crown width at the widest point and a
second width measurement made 90o to the diameter at the widest point.

2
 Crown cover is calculated using the formula
/4d or 0.7854d2 (d as the total crown
diameter)

 To get the crown cover for each tree = 0.7854 x (average crown diameter)2

 To get percent crown cover : Total crown cover of all trees X 100
Total area sampled

 To get the average height = Total height of all trees recorded

Total number of trees recorded

 To get the regeneration per m2 = Total regeneration count

Total number of regeneration plots

13 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 The derived parameters will then be analyzed based on the criteria and condition
below:

Table 5. Habitat criteria rating chart for Beach Forest

CONDITION CRITERIA

76% and above in % Crown Cover

Excellent 1 Regeneration per m2
Above 5m in average tree height
Undisturbed to negligible disturbance
51% – 75% Crown Cover
Good 0.76 – <1 regeneration per m2
3m – <5m average height of trees
Slight disturbance and few cuttings
26% – 50% Crown Cover
Fair 0.50 – 0.75 regeneration per m2
2m – <3m average height of trees
Moderate disturbance and noticeable cuttings
0 – 25% Crown Cover
<0.50 regeneration per m2
Poor
<2m average height of trees
Heavy disturbance/ cuttings/ pollution, rampant
conversion to other uses, nearly destroyed

14 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

A. Socio-Economic Interview
The municipality of Botolan had eight (8) coastal barangays assessed. During the Socio-
Economic Interview, basic information for each barangay was gathered to create a scenario of
the present situation of the barangays. The table below shows some basic information gathered
from the 8 participating coastal barangays of the municipality of Botolan:

Table 6. Population, Households, Average Family Size and Number of Children of the
Coastal Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Population No. of Average number Average Size of

Households of Children Family

Bangan 1,943 (2007) 460 3 5

Beneg 1,762 (2008) 381 4-5 8

Binoclutan 1,227 (2009) 175 3 7

Capayawan 993 (2008) 213 5-6 10

Danacbunga 2,696 (200) 385 4 7

Panan 2,423 (2009) 618 4-5 9

Parel 1,040 (2009) 100 5 10-11

Porac 2,980 (2008) 770 4-5 8-9

Most of the families in the coastal barangays practice family planning because they
undergo marriage counseling before their wedding. Increase in population has been attributed to
natural birth and migration from other provinces.

Other information gathered during the interview were relative percentage of the
community that have toilets, and source of potable water.

15 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Table 7. Households with toilets and sources of potable water for Coastal Barangays of
Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Households with toilet Source of Potable Water

Bangan Almost all households Jetmatic/ Artesian Wells

Beneg 75% have toilets Jetmatic/Electric Pumps

Binoclutan 80% have toilets Jetmatic/artesian Wells

20% have temporary toilets

Capayawan - Jetmatic/Artesian Wells

Danacbunga 95% Jetmatic/Artesian Wells

The 5% that do not have

toilets are located at the river
and coastline

Panan - Jetmatic / Artesian Wells

Parel 93% Jetmatic/Artesian Wells

Porac All households Jetmatic/Artesian Wells

Sitio Bocao is predominantly Rivers and Springs

inhabited by Indigenous
People and they houses are Buying of Purified Drinking
made of light materials Water
without toilets

Education

Another basic information gathered was the educational attainment of the residents of the
coastal barangays. The parents are mostly elementary and high school graduates, although some
have reached college level. The children on the other hand have reached college level. However,
due to financial constraints some youth have stopped schooling and instead help their parents in
making a living.

16 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Religion

There is a variety of religions in the municipality of Sta. Cruz. The interviewers listed
these religions in each barangay as follows:

A. Barangay Bangan
- Roman Catholic
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia Ni Cristo

B. Barangay Beneg
- Roman Catholic
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Aglipay
- Protestants
- Seventh-Day Adventist

C. Barangay Binoclutan
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Aglipay
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Born Again Christians

D. Barangay Capayawan
- Roman Catholic
- Born Again Christians
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Seventh Day Adventists
- Aglipays

17 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 - Crusaders

E. Barangay Danacbunga
- Roman Catholic
- Baptist Christians
- Islam
- Seventh Day Adventist
- Aglipay
- Born Again Christians
- Mormons
- Iglesia ni Cristo

F. Barangay Panan
- Roman Catholic
- Seventh Day Adventists
- Jehovah’s Witnesses
- Mormons
- Protestants
- Iglesia ni Cristo

G. Barangay Parel
- Roman Catholic
- Protestants
- Iglesia ni Cristo
- Baptists
- Aglipayans
- Born Again Christians

H. Barangay Porac
- Roman Catholic
- Iglesia ni Cristo

18 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 - Born Again Christians
- Hosanna International
- Philippine Independent Church

Housing

The materials for the construction of houses in the coastal barangays of Botolan are GI or
cogon for roofing, concrete, buho or sawali for walls, glass or the traditional de-tukod as
windows, concrete, bamboo or earthen flooring. In Barangay Bangan, ninety nine (99) houses
were damaged during typhoon “Ondoy”.

Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructures
The following is a table of the existing infrastructures of all the coastal barangays of
Botolan:

Table 8. List of Physical Infrastructures in Coastal Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Brgy. School Day Care Church Health Others

Hall Center Center

Bangan Present - Present Present Present Covered Court; Senior

Citizen Hall; Tanod
Outpost

Beneg Present Elementary ; Present 4 churches Present Tanod Outpost; Bakery

High School

Binoclutan Present Elementary Present 2 churches Baran Tanod Outpost; Senior

gay Citizen Hall; Waiting
Center Sheds; LPG Retailing
store; Basketball court;
Cockpit Arena

Capayawan Present Elementary Present Aglipay; Present Senior Citizen Hall;

Crusaders Barangay Plaza;
Children’s Park;

19 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Danacbunga Present Elementary Present 3 churches Present Muti-purpose hall;
CLRC; Tanod Outpost;
Senior Citizen Hall

Panan Present Elementary; Present Born Again- Denthal Senior Citizen Hall;
3 and Tanod HQ; Covered
High School Health Court; Waiting Sheds
Aglipay; Center
Crusaders

Parel Present Elementary Present Baptist; Present Covered Court; Outpost;

Born Again; Reading Center
Aglipay

Porac Present Elementary Present (2) Church (11) Present Barangay Plaza; Senior
(2); Citizen Hall; Police
Outpost; Concrete
High School Bridges (2); Auditorium
(2); Waiting Sheds (6)
RMTU

b. Natural Resources
The coastal barangays of Botolan, Zambales is endowed with different natural resources
that are rated by the respondents during the actual PCRA activities. This table is generated using
the perception of the respondents before the actual habitat assessment was conducted. The
following is the list of natural resources of the barangaysaccording to the respondents:

Table 9. List of Natural Resources Present in Coastal Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Coral Sea Tidal Beaches Mangroves Rivers Beach Agricultural Uphill/mountains
Reef Grass flats forest areas
beds

Bangan - - Present Present - Present Present Present -

Beneg - - - Present - - Present Present -

Binoclutan Present - Present Present - - Present Present Present

Capayawan - - - Present - Present Present Present -

20 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Danacbunga - - Present Present Present Present Present Present -

Panan - - - Present - Present Present Present Present

Parel Present - Present Present Present Present Present Present -

Porac Present - - Present - Present Present Present Present

Livelihood

The major sources of livelihood common in the coastal barangays are fishing, farming,
and employees to government or private establishments. Other livelihoods identified were
seasonal labor as carpenters or masons, driving, contract workers abroad, mango spraying,
gleaning, salt making, charcoal making, and fish vending are done by women. All members of
the community that are engaged to fishing turn to other occupation during the lean months in
fishing. Farming is dependent on rainwater and is restricted to one crop per year. Farmers
sometimes lose their crops during flashfloods. In Barangay Capayawan, farmers become part
time fishermen during the dry season and they fish in the river. Farmers in Barangay
Danacbunga that have water pumps can have up to 3 cropping for a year.

Table 10. Average individual income per day of the working class of the
Coastal Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Labor income per day Fishermen’s income

Bangan - 10,000 pesos for 10 days

Beneg - 1,500 - 3,000 pesos per month

Binoclutan - 2000 pesos per month

Capayawan - 10,000-15,000 pesos per

month during peak seasons

Danacbunga - 4,000 pesos per month during

peak season

21 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Panan - 4,000 pesos per month

Parel - 3,000 pesos per month

Porac - 3,000-5,000 pesos per month

Aquaculture Activities

There are also aquaculture activities recorded in the Municipality of Botolan and these
are as follows:

- Barangay Bangan has a 1 hectare area devoted for aquaculture.

- Barangay Beneg has a 2,000 square meter fishpond area.

- Barangay Binoclutan has a 600 square meter fish pond.

The next table shows the number of fishermen in the coastal barangays and the number of
motorized and non-motorized fishing boats in every barangay.

Table 11. Number of fishermen, motorized and non-motorized boats of the coastal
Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Barangay Fishermen Motorized fishing Non-motorized

boat fishing boat
Bangan 218 (registered) 159 38
220 (non-registered)
Beneg 40% full time and part 8 20
time
Binoclutan 52 households rely on 3 7
fishing
Capayawan - 20 30

Danacbunga 300 (not registered) 10 30-50

Panan 55 (25 full time; 30 10 40

part time fishers)
Parel 59 (registered) 2 15

Porac 70% of the 20 50

community are fishers
22 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales
 Table 12. Skills Inventory and Past and Present Livelihood in Botolan, Zambales

Livelihood Projects Acquired Skills Occupation Inherent Skills

(either thru training or seminar)
Panan candle making fishing candy making
vegetable & rice production farming carving
carpentry carpentry
charcoal making bag making
mechanics
electrician
Beneg meat processing fishing shoes & sandals making
candle making farming tinapa making
goat raising construction candy making
Agrivision Training vending welding
driving dried fish making
Capayawan fishing bagoong making
farming
vending
driving
Parel fishing candy making
farming dressmaking
vending welder/mason
Vulcanizing
Bangan fishing piggery
farming
vending
driving
Binoclutan fish processing fishing furniture making
farming tiles setter/designer
vending (rolling
store carpentry
dressmaking
Welder
Danacbunga fishing salt making
fish & meat processing farming bagoong making
Dressmaking salt making handicraft
buy & sell (fruits)
mango spraying
Porac
- Pottery making
Dressmaking Fishing Pottery making
Candle making Farming Candle making
Lambaklad management Sari-sari store Hollowblocks making
carpentry

23 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Fishing Activities

Fishing activities are done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used
are Lambat Palubog, Lambat Palutang, Sayudsod, Hila-Hila, Timbog, Bagnet, Fish Reel,
Sinsuro, Kitang, Pana, Pamusit, Kawil, Singgapong, Sud-sod, Og-og, Kaskas, Salok, Paadag,
Tapangan, and Lambaklad. Amihan and Habagat are the common trade winds of all the coastal
barangays.

The common fish species caught in the waters of Botolan are:

Barangay Barangay Barangay Barangay

Bangan Danacbunga Parel Capayawan

dilis tulingan alimango tirong

tirong tangigue maya-maya dilis
sapatero baralyete pargo sapsap
kadis palos aligasin alamang
hasa-hasa lapu-lapu snapper hasa-hasa
noy-noy talakitok gagaong matambaka
kabalya baralyete talakitok salay-salay
tuna aligasin bagsang sapsap
tulingan lawihan malakatas tuna
dorado gagaong sapsap katis
tanigue bangus tulingan
burador tangigue
batalay espada
bilis talakitok
alumahan alumahan
talakitok Maya-maya
sapsap bulan-bulan

24 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Barangay Barangay Barangay Barangay
Binoclutan Beneg Panan Porac
tirong malakapas tangigue maya maya
dilis gagaong susay lapulapu
tuna talakitok barracuda hasa hasa
talakitok galaw-galaw marlin espada
tangigue sapsap tuna talakitok
bonito tulis lapu-lapu pating
pusit baraccuda pusit barracuda
bangkutak asuhos pugita saranyasi
maya-maya alumahan lobster sapsap
bisugo bisugo mataan salaysalay
bitilya balake bulang bulang alumahan
bilis dilis dilis
sapsap tirong
batalay talakitok
alumahan balaki
danggit bonito
alimasag baralyete
salmon
maya-maya
bisugo
bitilya
pugao

The increase in population, increase in the number of fishers and rampant practice of
illegal fishing activities (e.g. dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing) in almost all barangays have
contributed to the continuous degradation of the marine environment which resulted to decreases
in fish catch that is being experienced until today. Respondents also claim that siltation caused
by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo also is a cause of decrease in fish catch. Other respondents
added that the proliferation of commercial fishing boats also contributed in the decrease in their
daily catch.

25 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Solid Waste Management

There is minimal problem with waste eradication in all the barangays of Botolan.
Sometimes, dead animals and other natural wastes like dead seagrass, logs and coconut husks are
usually seen after typhoons. Residents of all the barangays dispose their garbage through burning
or by burying, however, some residents are disposing their garbage by throwing it to the coast.

People’s Organizations

The coastal barangays of Botolan have various people’s organizations. However, only
foru (4) of the eight (8) barangays have organizations. The following table will show the
different organizations.

Table13. People’s Organizations of the Coastal Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

Peoples Date Established Formal or Informal Main Functions/Area

Organization of Concern
Bangan
Mangingisda, 1993 Formal/Inactive
Pangangalaga ng
Karagatan
Bangan Fishermen’s 1994 Formal/Inactive Livelihood
MPC
Parel
BFARMC
Parel Union for Water 2001 Formal Conservation
Environmental
Resources Social
Action (PUWERSA)
Porac Fisherman 2010 Registered Livelihood
Association
Capayawan
BFARMC Inactive
Binoclutan
Binoclutan Small 1992 Formal Livelihood and Forest
Fisherfolk Association Protection
KALIPI
BFARMC Active

26 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Panan Fisherfolks 1998 Active Livelihood/ Mangrove
Movements Rehabilitation
Association PAFMA

External Supporting Agencies

The following is the lists of agencies that support the different coastal barangays of the
municipality of Botolan, Zambales are: Local Government of Botolan, Departmrnt of Social
Welfare and Development (DSWD), Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR),
Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC), Department of Health, Department of Natural
Resources, JICA, Agricultural Training Institute, NGO, Department of Agriculture, Provincial
Government of Zambales, Lending Institution, Bureau of Animals, BFAR-NFRDI, World
Vision, and CENRO.

Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Bangan has a waste segregation program. The community is fully aware of the
program because there is a chairman for every purok who is in charge of the information
dissemination. Although the community is aware of the waste segregation program, garbage and
animal waste are still some of the problems of the barangay. Barangay Beneg has no existing
coastal resource management activities. Some responsible residents clean the coastal area
though. Barangay Binoclutan has a coastal clean up drive and mangrove reforestation as their
Coastal Resource Management Activities. Barangay Capayawan has a regular coastal clean up
however, garbage disposal is still a problem.

Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation are activities existing in Barangay

Danacbunga about coastal resource management. Coastal clean-up was done with the assistance
of DENR and mangrove reforestation was conducted with the assistance of DA-LGU.
Community members have attended seminars on waste management sponsored by UPRA.
Approximately, only fifty percent (50%) of the community is aware of the CRM related

27 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

activities in the barangay. Likewise, Barangay Panan has coastal cleanup activities sponsored by
the LGU. Approximately 37% of the community knew of the existing activities regarding
CRM.

Barangay Porac has an artificial reef established in the area but it is no longer visible due
to the siltation of lahar that came from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The community also
conducted coastal clean-up activity thru the initiative of Barangay Council, DENR and PNP.
The community members are fully aware of these activities because announcements are being
done during the barangay assembly. The Municipal Fishery Ordinance of Botolan was approved
recently.

Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation are activities existing in the barangay about
coastal resource management. Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation was done in
participation of NGOs, SK and Peoples Organization existing in the area. Those who do not
participate in CRM activities usually give monetary contribution.

Law Enforcement

Barangay Bangan has Bantay Dagat, Barangay Police and Barangay Tanod that would
ensure the implementation of laws and ordinances. The community members complain that
fishers from the nearby barangay use dynamite fishing that has an adverse effect on them.

Barangay Beneg has an active Bantay Dagat and Barangay Police and the community has
full compliance to existing Fishery laws. Barangay Binoclutan has a newly deputized Bantay
Dagat. Together with Bantay Dagat are the Barangay Tanod and the Barangay Peace Keeping
Action Team that would oversee the peace and order in the barangay. Bantay Dagat volunteers
receive an honorarium of P300.00 each. The Bantay Dagat of Barangay Capayawan and Porac
are active. Barangay Danacbunga has an existing Bantay Dagat before but the badges and IDs
issued were already expired. Barangay Parel has an existing Bantay Dagat.

Barangay Capayawan has an inactive Bantay Dagat at present due to lack of equipment
and operational budget. Aside from Bantay Dagat, Barangay Tanod is present in the barangay
that maintains peace and order.

28 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Issues and Concerns

The following table presents the issues and concerns raised by the community during the
PCRA:

Table 14. Isuess and Concerns, by Barangay

BARANGAY ISSUES PROPOSAL

Porac • Improper waste disposal • Provision of patrol boat and equipment

Danacbunga • Improper disposal of waste • Demarcation of coastal boundary

• Use of illegal fishing • Police visibility in the area
methods .
Panan • Use of illegal fishing • Alternative livelihood
methods • Barangay resolution for illegal fishing
• Improper waste disposal

Binoclutan • Use of illegal fishing • Strengthening of law enforcement

methods (dynamite and • Provision of Patrol Boat
cyanide fishing) • Strict implementation of fishery laws
• Trawl fishing • Color coding of fishing boat per
municipality
Beneg • Improper waste disposal • Deputation of Bantay Kalikasan
• Use of illegal fishing
methods (dynamite and
cyanide fishing)

Capayawan • Improper waste disposal • Penalty for improper disposal of waste

Parel • Use of illegal fishing • Visibility of law enforcer

methods (dynamite & • Provision of patrol boat for Bantay Dagat
cyanide) • Strict implementation of Municipal
• Electro fishing (river) Ordinance
• Use of fine mesh net
• Mangrove cutting
Bangan • Pollution • Visibility of law enforcer
• Animal waste • Proper coordination to PNP
• Dynamite fishing in nearby
barangay

29 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 B. Habitat Assessment
The assessment of the coastal barangays was conducted to evaluate the present biological
status of its waters. This will serve as a vantage point data for the municipality of Botolan for
future reference purposes and to identify new feasible livelihood projects related to issues
concerning the marine resources of the entire municipality. This will also help in the
management of coastal zone especially in the conservation and rehabilitation of marine habitats.

Coral Reefs

Coral reefs are warm, clear, shallow ocean habitats that are rich in life. The reef's massive
structure is formed from coral polyps, tiny animals that live in colonies. When coral polyps die,
they leave behind a hard, stony, branching structure made of limestone. Coral reefs are compared
to rainforest in terms of productivity, diversity and ecological complexity. Coastal communities
also depend on this ecosystem as a source of food ranging from daily subsidence to commercial
scale and various ornamental products. But due to adverse human impact, the resources in the
coral reef area are being degraded and nearly in great danger.

Coral reefs provide a wide variety of habitats, each with its own set of characteristic
species. Differences in the degree of proximity to the coast, exposure to wave action, currents,
light levels, the amount of algae, plankton and other food, and the abundance, shape, and
varieties of corals and other shelter combine to create a large variety of different places to be
exploited. These places are occupied by random assemblages of a usually large number of
species of fishes.

The quadrat method was used to accurately quantify the status the coral reef in the coastal
barangays of Botolan, Zambales. Table 15 shows the consolidated percentages of the coral reef
assessment of the coastal barangays, and the pie chart gives an overview of the composition
computed as the coral reef status of Botolan, Zambales.

30 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Table 15. Summary of the Coral Reef Assessment of the Barangays of Botolan, Zambales

SC PLANTS OTHER SAND/

BARANGAY LHC WDC DCA ANIMALS RUBBLE SILT TOTAL

BINOCLUTAN 35 2 1 50 7.5 3 0 1.5 100

PAREL 8.5 0 12.5 24.3 3 0 37.5 14.2 100

PORAC 12 4 0.8 50.7 1.9 0.8 7.3 22.5 100

Average 18.5 2 4.77 41.67 4.13 1.27 14.93 12.73 100

In general, the municipality of Botolan has a poor coral reef condition with an average of
18.5% hard coral cover. The data is represented by three (3) coastal barangays which were
surveyed using the quadrat method. No data were generated from the other coastal barangays of
Botolan, because the team was not able to spot a visualization of coral reefs. This can be

31 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

attributed to illegal and legal activities. Illegal activities like dynamite fishing, cyanide fishing,
trawl fishing in municipal waters, and quarrying of stones and dead corals are destructive to the
coastal resources. Furthermore, the erupation of Mt. Pinatubo has severely affected the coastal
barangays especially their coarl reef habitats.

Fish Visual

Of all the creatures dwelling on coral reefs, none are more active or obvious than the
fishes. Perhaps more than any other single components of the reef communities, fishes provide
the best opportunity to observe essential features of reef ecology.

The most striking feature of reef fish is their diversity, in terms of both species number
and the range of morphologies. An estimated 4000 (18% of all living fishes) species of fish live
on coral reefs and associated habitats of the Indo-Pacific and Atlantic oceans, and this number
increases as new exploratory surveys are done. The high diversity of the fish communities in the
coral reefs is maintained mainly by the complexity of these places that provide different ways for
fishes to feed, live and reproduce. (Roch, L. A., 2005. Coral Reef Fishes).

Coral reef fishes are of considerable economic value to the adjacent coastal cities. There
are artisanal, professional and recreational fisheries in developing and developed countries
around the world, and there are some target selected high value species.

During the actual conduct of fish visual census, the following species of fish are noted to
be present in the waters of the coastal barangays of Botolan, Zambales:

Table 16. Fish Species Observed in Botolan, Zambales

Scientific Name Common Name Total Average (%)

Acanthurus sp. Surgeon fish 146 27.54716981

Ctenochaetus binotatus Surgeon fish 43 8.113207547

Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 119 22.45283019

32 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 16 3.018867925

Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 55 10.37735849

Chromis agilis Damsel fish 10 1.886792453

Abuldefdaf sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 36 6.79245283

Coris batuensis Wrasse 26 4.905660377

Thalassona lunare Wrasse 8 1.509433962

Bumphead parrotfish Parrotfish 24 4.528301887

Scolopsis bilineatus Coral bream 11 2.075471698

Epinephelus fasciatus Grouper 15 2.830188679

Zanclus cornutus Moorish Idol 8 1.509433962

Therapon jarbua Therapon 3 0.566037736

Canthigaster janthinoptera Pufferfish 2 0.377358491

Siganus canaliculatus Rabbitfish 7 1.320754717

Parupeneus indicus Goatfish 1 0.188679245

Total 530 100

33 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 The census implores that the fish abundance in the waters of Botolan is good, and the
diversity of fish species is high.

34 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Seagrass Beds

There are no seagrass bed habitats observed in all 8 coastal barangays of Cabangan,
Zambales. This might be due to strong wave action since the municipal waters of Botolan is
very open. In addition, siltation from sediment-laden water run-offs coming from the land and
volcanic ash from the eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 1991 may have contributed to this
scenario.

Mangroves

Only two (2) barangays have mangroves in the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales and
these are barangay Danacbunga and Parel.

Barangay Danacbunga

During the mangrove habitat assessment in Brgy.Danac-Bunga, Botolan, Zambales on

October 30, 2009, a mangrove site dominated by Pagatpat species was assessed. 5 transect lines
were measured with a total of 17 quadrats identified (1,700 sq. meters) to represent the mangrove
site. The total number of mangrove species identified and measured was 340 trees, mostly
dominated by Pagatpat and Gapas-gapas species (189 and 131, respectively). Height of the
mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 12 meters at the highest (non-
Nipa species) with computed average height of 4.72 meters. Crown cover for each tree was
computed as .7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species
measured was 1,709.83 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter
(1,709.83 m2) was divided by 1,700 m2 (17 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent
crown cover of 63.5 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter showed that
a total of 85 species were identified/listed on a total of 51 plots. It was computed that the
regeneration per square meter in the assessed mangrove site is 1.67 regenerations per square
meter.

35 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Based on the table on mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Mangrove of Barangay
Danac-Bunga was found to be GOOD in condition based on all computed parameters derived
during the assessment. The mangrove area was located in an area near abandoned fish-pens
alongside the beach coast of the Barangay. Noticeable were the dominance of two species,
namely Pagatpat and Gapas-gapas, on a wet and brackish substrate. Threat on its survival is
evident due to its proximity to residential area. Some shell species were found in the substrate.

Barangay Parel

In Brgy. Parel, Zambales which was assessed on October 30, 2009, a remote mangrove
site on a river bank was identified and assessed. Members of a People’s Organization (P.O.)
guided the assessment team in the area. During assessment, 4 transect lines were measured with
a total of 7 quadrats identified (700 sq. meters) representing the mangrove site. The total number
of mangrove species identified and measured was 175 trees, mostly dominated by Pagatpat
species (226). Height of the mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 11
meters at the highest (non-Nipa) with computed average height of 3.59 meters. Crown cover for
each tree was computed as .7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all
species measured was 527.45 m2. Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown
diameter (527.45 m2) was divided by 700 m2 (7 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed
percent crown cover of 75 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter showed that
a total of 21 species were identified/listed on a total of 21 plots. It was computed that the
regeneration per square meter in the assessed mangrove site is 1 regenerations per square meter.

Based on the table on mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Mangrove of Barangay Parel
was found to be generally GOOD in condition based on the computed parameters. The mangrove
site assessed featured a short strip of mangrove along a river bank near agricultural lands,
slightly undisturbed due to its location in a private property. Mud-crabs and few shell species
were also found in its substrate. The site was also near the beach front of the Barangay, and also
site where planting initiatives conducted by local P.O. emanate.

36 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Table 17. Summary of Computed Parameters Per Assessed Barangay.

TOTAL
AREA NO. OF CRITERIA
SAMPLED % REG.
BARANGAY (Has.) QUADRATS CROWN AVE. PER HABITAT
SQ.
(100 sq.m) COVER HEIGHT METER CONDITION
Danacbunga 3.40 17.00 63.50 4.72 1.67 GOOD

Parel 1.40 7.00 75.00 3.59 1.00 GOOD

TOTAL /
AVE. 4.80 24.00 69.25 4.16 1.34 GOOD

AVERAGE HEIGHT PER SPECIES (METERS) PER ASSESSED REGENERATION PER SQUARE METER PER ASSESSED
BARANGAY BARANGAY

1.80
5.00
4.50 4.72 1.60 1.67
4.00 1.40
3.50 3.59 1.20
3.00
1.00
2.50 1.00
0.80
2.00
1.50 0.60
1.00 0.40
0.50 0.20
0.00
0.00
Danac-Bunga Parel Danac-Bunga Parel

PERCENT CROWN COVER PER ASSESSED BARANGAY

76.00
74.00 75.00
72.00
70.00
68.00
66.00
64.00
62.00
63.50
60.00
58.00
56.00
Danac-Bunga Parel

37 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Table 18. Summary of Encountered Species Per Assessed Barangay.

SPECIES BARANGAY TOTAL

Danac-Bunga Parel

Pototan 23 23

Gapas-Gapas 131 131

Buta-Buta 1 25 26

Tabau 5 5

Nipa 19 73 92

Bakawan Babae 12 12

Pagatpat 189 37 226

TOTAL 340 175 515

TYPE OF SPECIES FOUND IN THE ASSESSED BARANGAYS

NUMBER OF SPECIES ENCOUNTERED PER ASSESSED Pototan, 23 ,

BARANGAY 4%
Pagatpat, 226 Gapas-Gapas,
, 45% 131 , 25%

Parel, 175 , 34%

Danac-Bunga,
340 , 66%
Buta-Buta, 26
, 5%
Bakawan
Babae, 12 ,
2% Nipa, 92 , 18% Tabau, 5 , 1%

38 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Beach Forest

Beach habitat assessment for Barangays Danacbunga, Beneg, Bangan,

and Capayawan were conducted on November 10, 2009 and for Barangays
Porac, Binoclutan, and Panan on November 11, 2009. The DENR Technical
Team together with the local residents and representatives from Botolan LGU
carried out the activity.

Brgy. Danacbunga, Botolan, Zambales

During the beach habitat assessment in Brgy. Danacbunga, Botolan, Zambales, a site
along the Barangay coastline facing the South China Sea was assessed. A total of 42 plots were
established, totaling to 420 meters of baseline transect length. Results showed that there were
158 trees enumerated belonging to five species. The most common tree is Agoho with 119
individuals (75.32% of all trees) and followed by Talisay with 26 individuals (16.46%).

All trees found in the plot resulted to a total of 28 occurrences out of 42 sampling unit/
plot. These occurrences signified that some plots would appear barren or open area. Agoho is
the most frequent species which appeared in 12 plots and Talisay followed with 9 occurrences.
Comparatively, the most important species on beach habitat is Agoho with an Importance Value
of 118.2. It is considerably the most abundant and the most frequent of all species enumerated.
The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 0.79.

Brgy. Beneg, Botolan, Zambales

A total of 39 plots were established, totaling to 390 meters of baseline transect. There
were 16 species enumerated resulted to 139 individuals/trees. The most common tree was
Talisay with 37 individuals and accounted for 26.62% of all the trees found within the plots. It
was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 14 of the 39 plots. Agoho
followed with 24 trees and appeared in 10 plots. Results also showed that there were six species
with only one individual enumerated within the plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per

39 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

species showed that Talisay ranked the highest and several species with same ranking in terms of
I.V. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 2.09.

Brgy. Bangan, Botolan, Zambales

A total of 40 plots were established, totaling to 400 meters of baseline transect. There
were 14 species enumerated resulted to 243 individuals/trees. The most common species was
Coconut with 109 individuals and accounted for 44.86% of all the trees found within the plots. It
was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 33 of the 40 plots. Mango
followed with 30 trees and appeared in 20 plots. Results also showed that there were three
species with only one individual enumerated within the plots. Computed Importance Value (IV)
per species showed that Coconut ranked the highest and several species with same ranking in
terms of I.V. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.81.

Brgy. Capayawan, Botolan, Zambales

A total of 20 plots were established, totaling to 200 meters of baseline transect length.
Results showed that there were 100 trees enumerated belonging to eight species. The most
common tree is Talisay with 36 individuals (36% of all trees) and also the most frequent species
which appeared in 11 plots. Followed closely by Agoho with 35 individuals (35%) which
appeared in 10 plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Coconut ranked
the highest with an Importance Value of 65.7. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach
forest site assessed was 1.5.

Brgy. Porac,

A total of 60 plots were established, totaling to 600 meters of baseline transect. There
were 12 species enumerated resulted to 567 individuals/trees. The most common species was
Agoho with 325 individuals and accounted for 57.32% of all the trees found within the plots. It
was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 44 plots (73.33%) of the 60

40 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

plots. Coconut followed with 126 individuals and appeared in 14 plots (23.33%). Results also
showed that there were six species with three or less individuals enumerated within the plots.
Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Agoho ranked the highest with 101.3
I.V. and several species with same ranking in terms of I.V. The computed Biodiversity Index for
beach forest site assessed was 1.28.

Brgy. Binoclutan, Botolan, Zambales

A total of 30 plots were established, totaling to 300 meters of baseline transect length.
There were eight species enumerated resulted to 109 individuals/trees. The most common
species was Coconut with 60 individuals and accounted for 55.04% of all the trees found within
the plots and appeared in 7 plots. The most frequent species encountered was Talisay with 10
occurrences among the 30 plots and with 22 individuals accounted for 20.18% of all the trees.
Results also showed that there were three species with only one individual enumerated within the
plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Coconut ranked the highest and
several species with same ranking in terms of I.V. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach
forest site assessed was 1.32.

Brgy. Panan, Botolan, Zambales

A total of 50 plots were established, totaling to 500 meters of baseline transect. There
were five species enumerated resulting to 233 individuals/trees. The most common species was
Agoho with 153 individuals and accounted for 65.66% of all the trees found within the plots. It
was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 27 plots. Auri followed with
43 trees and appeared in 11 plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that
Agoho ranked the highest with 114.8. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site
assessed was 1.01.

41 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

General Observations

Among the seven barangays assessed using the new method of beach habitat assessment,
results showed that Brgy. Beneg has the highest species composition with 16 species. Followed
closely by Brgy. Bangan and Brgy. Porac with 14 species and 12 species respectively. Brgy.
Capayawan and Brgy Binoclutan had the same species composition with 8 species each. Also,
Brgy. Panan and Brgy. Danacbunga had the same species composition with 5 species each.
Moreover, the most number of individuals/trees was enumerated in Brgy. Porac with 567 trees.

Comparatively, Brgy. Beneg beach forest was the most diverse among the assessed
coastal barangays with computed Biodiversity Index of 2.09.

Although higher number of species were noted to have the lowest Importance Value, it
does not necessarily mean that they are not important among other species in the plot. Indeed,
they contributed greatly to the diversity of the area.

The results showed that relatively few species dominated the area or successfully thrive
within the area. These may also suggest that these species do well over other species consequent
to the environmental factors and nutrient intake that are needed for survival. Indeed, such
occurrence can also be attributed to human intervention such as establishment of plantation and
human resettlement.

The high occurrence of Agoho in Brgy. Porac, Brgy. Panan, and Brgy. Danacbunga over
other species can be attributed to the establishment or presence of a plantation of the said
species. Hence, it is worthy to note that human intervention directly affected the species
composition of the assessed area. Indeed, some planted trees of Mahogany and Coconut can be
observed within the established plots in Brgy. Porac which were presented in the tree distribution
map.

The sea level has risen over recent months. In this particular event, vegetation has been
cleared significantly removing beach forest species and also nearby residential houses in Brgy.
Bangan.

Tree distribution maps were provided for visual presentation of spatial distribution of
species and individuals relative to the plot. It was observed that generally, the resulted
42 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales
distribution pattern was affected by human interventions such as resettlement and expansion of
residential area, establishment of a plantation, or planting of preferred species like Coconut and
Talisay for the purpose of landscaping the area, mostly of which are within the private property/
resort establishment.

Beach Forest Species Composition, Number of Individuals and Biodiversity Index in

the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

600 567

500

400

300
243 233

200 158
139
100 109
100
16 2.09 14 1.81 8 1.5 8 1.32 12 1.28 5 1.01 5 0.79
0
Brgy . Beneg Brgy . Bangan Brgy . Capay aw an Brgy . Binoclutan Brgy . Porac Brgy . Panan Brgy . Danacbunga

Species Composition Number of Individuals Biodiversity Index

43 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 Table 19. Beach Forest Species Composition and Biodiversity Index
in the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

Species Number of Biodiversity

Barangay
Composition Individuals Index

Brgy. Beneg 16 139 2.09

Brgy. Bangan 14 243 1.81

Brgy. Capayawan 8 100 1.5

Brgy. Binoclutan 8 109 1.32

Brgy. Porac 12 567 1.28

Brgy. Panan 5 233 1.01

Brgy. Danacbunga 5 158 0.79

44 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

IV. Summary/Conclusion

In the course of the assessment activity, it was noted that in view of attaining
management and monitoring activities, involvement of the local communities is vital. The
collaborative efforts between local communities and other agencies make it possible to realize
significant impact towards monitoring activities and sustainable management of the forest
resources in particular and coastal resources in general.

Such activities may include involvement of the local community to field survey and
census techniques. Through this, awareness vis-à-vis coastal and forest resources of local people
will engender a feeling of belongingness with the environment.

Threats to the coastal habitats include illegal fishing activities and natural calamities
while beach habitat includes human resettlement and natural disturbances. This problem is
compounded by the ineffective community based protection activities and the dearth of logistic
support to the law enforcement arm of the government. It was also observed that different levels
of disturbances have different effects on the coastal and forest habitats. If our goal is to preserve
biodiversity in a given area for future management strategies, we need to be able to understand
how diversity is impacted by different human interventions and natural disturbances.

45 PCRA reports of the Municipality of Botolan, Zambales

 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY BANGAN, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Bangan has a total of 875,730 sq. meter. It lies between the
coordinates of 15⁰16’11” N and 120⁰01’10” E.

Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Bangan

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Bangan, has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from November to
April and the wet season from May to October.
B. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Bangan has a total population of one thousand nine hundred forty three
(1,943) as of 2007. There are six hundred nineteen (619) family heads and four hundred
sixty (460) household heads in the barangay. Average number of children in the family is
three (3). Average family size is five (5). Fifty percent (50%) of the population practice
family planning. The most common family planning method being adopted by couples in
the barangay are injectables, pills, ligation and natural or rhythm method. Although most
couples practice family planning methods, the population of Barangay Bangan is still
increasing because of migration due to marriage, mostly from Visayas, Bicol and Ilocos
regions.

Approximately sixty percent (60%) of community members are Catholics while

the rest are Born Again Christians and members of the Iglesia ni Cristo.

When it comes to education, most of the parents are high school graduates.
Many of the children are still studying in elementary and high school. There are children
who are already professionals and there are children who stop schooling because of
financial reason. Eighty percent (80%) of houses in Barangay Bangan have roofs made
of G.I. sheets and twenty percent (20%) have roofs made of nipa or cogon. Eighty
percent (80%) of the walls are made of cement and the rest are made of
nipa/coconut/bamboo/buho. Sixty percent (60%) of houses have windows that are made
of glass while some have windows made of wood and bamboo. Flooring materials are
mostly made of cement and bamboo. Ninety nine (99) houses were totally damaged
during typhoon ”Ondoy”. All of the houses have toilets.

The people of Barangay Bangan are dependent on dug well, jetmatic/artesian

wells and piped water for their water supply. Garbage is disposed individually by
burying. A barangay ordinance prohibits throwing of garbage at the coastal area.
2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Bangan are:

• Covered Court
• Barangay Hall
• Senior Citizen Hall
• Day Care Center
• Health Center
• Church
• Tanod Outpost

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Bangan has coastal resources that include beach forest (the
dominant species is agoho), beach area, rivers, and agricultural areas. These
habitats serve as a source of food and income for the villagers that have access to
these resources.

During the assessment, the community rated the agricultural areas and
beach forest in poor condition because of flashfloods. Beaches and river are in
fair condition though the area is eroded. Seagrasses, mangroves and
uphill/mountains are not available in the area.

Several habitats in the barangay were damaged by flashfloods caused by

typhoon Ondoy. Some of the families evacuated to the covered court because
their houses were totally damaged due to erosion.
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Bangan
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass (reef/ (deep
Parameter Area bed) Shoal) water)
Mga likas na Mango, Coconut, absent sand absent Therapon Tuna,
kayamanan bamboo, mango, (no natural gulyasan
(natural talisay malunggay, reefs
resources) talisay, present)
agoho,
saging,
papaya,
samapalok

Mga uri ng Rolling store, Boat fishing fishing

hanapbuhay, mga tinapa making, building,
pagkakataon carpentry net
(types of mending
livelihood, , buy
opportunities) and sell

Mga suliranin Houses along eroded erosion Strong Dynamite

(problems/issues) the shore was waves (open fishing
damaged sea)
during typhoon
 3. Livelihood
The residents of Barangay Bangan earn their living by farming, fishing, vending,
seasonal labor, driving, and employment to government and private institutions.
Sometimes, farmers lose their crops to flashfloods. One (1) hectare in the barangay is
devoted to aquaculture. Women usually earn money by selling fish that were either
caught by their husbands or fish that they bought from other fishers. Ninety (90%)
percent of the population engage in fishing and they earn an average of P10,000.00 each
for ten (10) days using motorized boats. There are cases when somebody invests on a
fishing boat and fishers who use the boat give a portion of their fish catch to the owner
of the boat.

Fishers received livelihood programs sponsored by the Dutch Counter Value Fund
Program of The Netherlands, which awarded P1,215,000.00 for 30 persons. The project
did not prosper because the members decided to divide it individually. Another project
was awarded to Bangan and seven (7) other coastal barangays in a form of a mini Payao,
banca, petromax, ice case and fishing gear “dos-dos” worth P176,000.00.

There are more or less one hundred fifty nine (159) motorized and thirty eight
(38) non-motorized banca in the locality and all of these operate in municipal waters.
There are two hundred eighteen (218) registered and two hundred twenty (220)
unregistered fishers in the barangay.

The preferred alternative livelihood activities of the community are sari-sari store,
fish vending and fish processing (boneless bangus). The only skill available in the area is
hog raising.

4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used in the
area are:

• Lambat palubog
 • Lambat palutang
• Sayudsod
• Hila-hila
• Timbog
• bagnet
The most common species caught are:

• tirong • Dorado
• Dilis • Tanigue
• Sapatero • Burador
• Kadis • Batalay
• Hasa-hasa • Bilis
• Noy-noy • Alumahan
• Kabalyas • Talakitok
• Tuna • sapsap
• Tulingan
 FISHING FEB
JAN MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Hasa-Hasa, Malaki, Alumahan,
Lambat
Talakitok, Sapsap
Palubog
Lambat
Burador, Batalay, Bilis
Palutang
Alamang (10-15 days/month)
Sayudsod
Hila – Hila Yellow Fin, Tuna, Tulingan, Dorado, Tangigue
(Payao)
Hasa–Hasa, NoyNoy,
Kabalyas, Sapatero, Kadis
Timbog
Dilis, Tirong (accdg. to weather)
Bagnet
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1960s to the present. In
1960s, fishers caught up to 50 kilograms/person/day at the municipal area with the use of
non-motorized fishing boat. In 1970s fishers caught up to 30 kilograms/person/day. The
decrease from 1960s to 1970s is due to dynamite fishing and the use of fine mesh nets. In
1980s fish catch decreased to 25 kilograms/person/day because of the increase in the
number of fishers. In 1990s fish catch decreased to 20 kilograms/person/day. In 2000,
fish catch decreased to 10 kilograms/person/day and at present, fishers catch an average of
5 kilograms/person/day. The decrease in fish catch from 1990s to the present is attributed
to the increase in the number of fishers, the proliferation of commercial fishing boats, and
the use of dynamite fishing in the area.
 Figure 4: Trend Diagram

C. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
Peoples Organization When Formal or Main
(POs) Established Informal functions/area of
concern

Mangingisda, 1993 formal inactive

Pangangalaga ng
Karagatan
(MAPALAD)

Bangan Fishermens 1994 formal inactive

MPC
 2. External Supporting Organizations
The following are agencies that support the community:
• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• Red Cross

The people of Barangay Bangan recognize the services of the agencies listed
above. The Department of Social Welfare and Development, Red Cross and the Local
Government of Botolan extended their services especially at the time when the area was
hit by flashfloods. At the time of the assessment, the displaced community was still
waiting for relief assistance from government and private institutions.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Bangan has a waste segregation program. The community is fully
aware of the program because there is a chairman for every purok who is in charge of the
information dissemination. Although the community is aware of the waste segregation
program, garbage and animal waste are still some of the problems of the barangay.

E. Law Enforcement
Barangay Bangan has Bantay Dagat, Barangay Police and Barangay Tanod that
would ensure the implementation of laws and ordinances. The community members
complain that fishers from the nearby barangay use dynamite fishing that has an adverse
effect on them. Police visibility and proper coordination with the Philippine National
Police (PNP) are the suggested solution to the problems mentioned above.
II. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment
Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs present in the two (2) sampling
sites in Brgy. Bangan, Botolan, Zambales. Sand and silt covered most of the area. It was also
noticed during the survey that the bottom was heavily silted due to siltation mainly from sediment-
laden water run-offs from the land. Strong underwater current was also noted that resulted to
murky waters coming from the mouth of the river.

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Bangan

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,

(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
o
1 15 16’28" N 0 0 0 0 100 100
120o 00’25 "E
2 15o 16’29" N 0 0 0 0 100 100
120o 00’27 "E

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 3 fish individuals were recorded in two sampling stations belonging to the
Family of Theraponidae (100 %). This family is considered as major reef herbivores. No
indicator of hard corals fish species and reef carnivores were observed in the area. (Table 5).

In terms of fish abundance, only Family Theraponidae were also seen in the area (Table
6).

Table 5. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Bangan,Botolan, Zambales

Sampling Stations
Average
Family Nmae Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL %
Theraponidae Therapon jarbua Three line Therapon 2 1 3 100
TOTAL 2 1 3 100.00
Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

Table 6. Fish Abundance Graph from Two (2) Sampling Stations

Family Nmae Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2

Theraponidae Therapon jarbua Three line therapon

Legend (fish observed per 25 m survey area)

1-5 fish 126-625 fish

6-25 fish More than 625 fish

26-125 sh

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Brgy. Bangan.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangrove observed in Brgy. Bangan.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 40 plots were established, totaling to 400 meters of baseline transect.
There were 14 species enumerated resulted to 243 individuals/trees. The most common
species was Coconut with 109 individuals and accounted for 44.86% of all the trees
found within the plots. It was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared
in 33 of the 40 plots. Mango followed with 30 trees and appeared in 20 plots. Results
also showed that there were three species with only one individual enumerated within the
plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Coconut ranked the
highest and several species with same ranking in terms of I.V. The computed
Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.81.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM

Site Name: BRGY. BANGAN Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 20 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 40
Total Transect Length: 400m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index

Niyog 109 33 82.50 0.27 29.20 44.67 73.9 1 0.4486 -0.8017 -0.3596
Mangga 30 20 50.00 0.08 17.70 12.30 30.0 2 0.1235 -2.0919 -0.2583
Malunggay 28 17 42.50 0.07 15.04 11.48 26.5 3 0.1152 -2.1609 -0.2490
Talisay 22 15 37.50 0.06 13.27 9.02 22.3 4 0.0905 -2.4020 -0.2175
Agoho 17 7 17.50 0.04 6.19 6.97 13.2 5 0.0700 -2.6598 -0.1861
Saging 17 6 15.00 0.04 5.31 6.97 12.3 6 0.0700 -2.6598 -0.1861
Papaya 7 4 10.00 0.02 3.54 2.87 6.4 7 0.0288 -3.5472 -0.1022
Sampalok 3 3 7.50 0.01 2.65 1.23 3.9 8 0.0123 -4.3944 -0.0543 1.81
Duhat 3 2 5.00 0.01 1.77 1.23 3.0 9 0.0123 -4.3944 -0.0543
Ipil-ipil 2 2 5.00 0.01 1.77 0.82 2.6 10 0.0082 -4.7999 -0.0395
Atis 2 1 2.50 0.01 0.88 0.82 1.7 11 0.0082 -4.7999 -0.0395
Auri 1 1 2.50 0.00 0.88 0.41 1.3 12 0.0041 -5.4931 -0.0226
Kakawate 1 1 2.50 0.00 0.88 0.41 1.3 12 0.0041 -5.4931 -0.0226
Langka 1 1 2.50 0.00 0.88 0.41 1.3 12 0.0041 -5.4931 -0.0226
TOTAL 243 282.50 0.61 100 100 -51.1912 -1.8140
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community wishes to have an alternative livelihood due to continuous
decline of fish catch and some of their properties were damaged by floods. Some of the
alternative livelihood activities mentioned by the community members are sarisari store, fish
processing, and fish drying. They also need capital for buy and sell activities. These
alternative livelihood projects will be the source of additional income to support the daily
needs of the family.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY BENEG BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
Barangay Beneg is named after a very big tree called “Beneg” which was the
biggest tree of the place when the barrio was first established. One sitio within Barangay
Beneg is called Calma, which means “faith”. This name was given because during the
first year of establishment the farmers of the place had a good harvest.

“Aypa” a sitio located on the eastern portion of Barrio Beneg , was inhabited
before and during the Spanish occupation. Due to growing population, the place could no
longer accommodate its inhabitants. The place is too narrow, muddy, and easily flooded
during the rainy season. The people then moved westward to a more convenient and
spacious portion of the barrio presently called Beneg.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Beneg has a total land area of 119 hectares. It has five puroks/sitios.
It lies between the coordinates of 15⁰17’09” N and 120⁰00’22” E.
 Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Beneg

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Beneg has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from September to
April and the wet season from May to August. Soil types present in the area are sandy
and clay.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Beneg has a total population of one thousand seven hundred sixty two
(1,762) as of 2008, of which 892 are males and 870 are females. The six to twelve (6-12)
years old age group is the biggest age group in the area, comprising 219 members or
12.42% of the total population. There are 495 family heads in the barangay and there are
381 houses as of the third quarter of 2009. Average number of children in the family
ranges from 4 to 5 and average family size is eight (8). Most couples practice family
planning and the most common family planning method being adopted by couples are
injectables, pills, condom, IUD ligation and natural or rhythm method. Increase in
population was attributed to natural birth and migration due to marriage.

Eighty percent (80%) of the community members are Catholics while the rest are
members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Born Again Christians, Aglipayans, Protestants and
Seventh-day Adventists. When it comes to education, most parents are high school
graduates. Many of the children are currently studying while some are college graduates.
There are cases of out of school youth because of financial problem.

Approximately seventy percent (70%) of the houses in Barangay Beneg have

roofs made of GI sheets and the remaining houses have roofs made of nipa/cogon. Of
these houses, seventy percent (70%) have walls made of concrete and the rest have walls
made of semi-concrete materials. Most of the houses have glass windows and cemented
floors. Approximately seventy five percent (75%) of houses have toilets twenty five
percent (25%) do not have toilets. Most houses with no toilets are usually located along
the farm. There was previously a garbage collector operating in the area but now garbage
is usually disposed by burning and burying. Potable water supply in Barangay Beneg
comes from jetmatic and electric pumps.

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Beneg are:

• Barangay Hall
• Schools
- Elementary
- High School
• Day Care Center
• Churches (4)
• Health Center
• Tanod Outpost
• Bakery

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Beneg has coastal resources that include beach forest, beach area,
and agricultural areas. These habitats serve as a source of food and income for
the villagers that have access to these resources.

During the assessment, beaches are rated in good condition by the

community. The agricultural area on the other hand was rated poor during that
time due to the damaged caused by Typhoon Ondoy that damaged vegetables,
trees and other plants in the area. The area is also non-irrigated. There are no
seagrass, corals, and mangroves present in the area.

Issues and problems concerning the area are:

1. Lack of livelihood opportunities in the area
2. Dynamite and cyanide fishing
3. The area was affected by flashflood due to typhoon
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Beneg
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (sea (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area grass) water)
Mga likas na Palay, mangga, Agoho, absent sand absent absent Therapon, Talakitok,
kayamanan kamatis, talisay, rabbitfish asu-os,
(natural monggo, cactus, (no natural sapsap
resources) ampalaya, auri, niyog, reefs
singkamas, sampalok, present)
kamoteng malunggay,
kahoy, ipil-ipil,
kamoteng mangga
baging, talong
Mga uri ng Bagoong Buy and Fishing Fishing
hanapbuhay, mga making, dried sell, (kawil) (lambat)
pagkakataon fish making, alamang
(types of farming, animal drying,
livelihood raising
oppurtunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of Dynamite & Dynamite
(problems/issues) livelihood cyanide and cyanide
opportunities fishing fishing
 3. Livelihood
The main sources of income of the community are fishing, farming, seasonal
labor (construction), vending, driving and employment in government and private
institutions. The area is rain dependent and farmers operate only one cropping per year
for rice production. Farmers approximately produce 60 kabans/hectare/cropping and
farming is usually done by males. During dry season, some farmers venture on fishing
activities. Seasonal labor like carpentry and other construction works are also usually
done by males. For additional income of the family, females engage in vending. They
usually market the fish caught by their husband and sometimes engage in buy and sell.
Fishers have an estimated income of P1,500.00 to P3,000.00 per month. A 2,000 sq.
meter fishpond is present in the area. Approximately forty percent (40%) of the
community members are fishers, operating either full time or part time, and there are
approximately twenty eight (28) fishing boats in the area. There are eight (8) motorized
and twenty (20) non motorized banca in the area and the area of operation is within
municipal waters. The following are the trainings and livelihood projects attended by the
community members:

1. Meat processing
2. Candle making
3. Goat Raising

The following are the proposed alternative livelihood:

1. bamboo craft
2. pastillas making
3. rag making
4. welding shop
5. vinegar (suka) making

Skills available in the area are:

1. shoes & sandals making
2. tinapa making
3. candy (bocayo) making
 4. welding
5. dried fish making

4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year.

The most common fishing gears used in the area are:

• Lambat
• Fishing reel
The most common species caught in the area are:

• Malakapas
• Gagaong
• Talakitok
• Galaw-galaw
• Sapsap
• Tulis
• Small barracuda
• Talakitok
• Asuhos
• alumahan
• bisugo
• balake
• dilis
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Alumahan, Bisugo, Balaki, Dilis, SapSap, Tulis,
Lambat Small Barakuda, Talakitok, Asohos
Malakapas, Gagaong, Talakitok, Galaw-Galaw
Fishing Reel
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram of Barangay Beneg

Figure 4: Trend Diagram of Barangay Beneg

 In 1970s to 1980s, fishers used to catch twenty (20) kilograms of fish per person
per day. In 1980s fishers used singapong and parisris to catch fish and at that time illegal
fishing activities started to arise. In 1990s, fish catch decreased to fifteen (15)
kilograms/person/day. In 2000, fish catch continued to decrease to ten (10)
kilograms/person/day. At present, fishers catch an average of five (5)
kilograms/person/day. The continuous decrease of fish catch was attributed to increase in
number of population, intrusion of commercial fishing boats, and increase in number of
fishers.

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (POs) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
FARMC

Beneg Fishermen’s Cooperative

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)

• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)
• Department of Health
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• JICA
• Agricultural Training Institute
 The Department of Social Welfare and Development sponsored several trainings
such as meat processing and candle making to the community of Barangay Beneg. The
community also benefitted from the training sponsored by Agricultural Training Institute
for goat raising. Other government agencies should strengthen their services down to the
barangay level.

E. Coastal Resource Management

Baranay Beneg has no existing programs/activities with regards to Coastal
resource Management. Being responsible individuals some residents have the initiative
to clean the coastal area.

F. Law Enforcement
Barangay Beneg has an active Bantay Dagat and Barangay Police. The
community has full compliance to existing laws in the area. Dynamite and cyanide
fishing and improper waste disposal are the activities identified by the community as
destructive. They perceive that if this activity will continue it will damage the coastal
area and fish catch will continue to decline. One of the solutions for illegal practices is
the establishment of Bantay Kalikasan that would look over the natural resources of the
barangay.
I. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment
Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs present in the two (2) sampling
sites in Brgy. Beneg, Botolan, Zambales. Sand and silt covered most of the area. This might be
due to siltation mainly to sediment-laden water run-offs from the land and volcanic ash from the
eruption of Mount Pinatubo on June 1991. Strong underwater current was also noted in the area
that resulted to murky water.

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Beneg

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,

(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt/ Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
o
1 15 16’59" N 0 0 0 0 100 100
119o 59’41 "E
2 15o 16’00" N 0 0 0 0 100 100
119o 59’40 "E

B. Fish Visual Census

There were non-commercially important (or major group coral reef indicators) species
found in the area. Likewise commercially important (target group or major carnivores) species
were also absent in two sampling stations which indicates the absence of coral reef in the area.
Only two (2) species of fish were sighted in the area which belong to the family of Teraponidae
and Siganidae comprising about 66.67 % and 33.33% respectively. These were considered as
major reef herbivores (Table 1).
Table 1. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Beneg,Botolan, Zambales
Family Sampling
Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
Name STN 1 STN 2

Teraponidae Terapon jarbua Terapon 2 0 2 66.67

Siganus
Siganidae canaliculatus Rabbitfish 0 1 1 33.33

TOTAL 2 1 3 100

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Beneg.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Barangay Beneg.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 39 plots were established, totaling to 390 meters of baseline transect. There
were 16 species enumerated resulted to 139 individuals/trees. The most common tree was
Talisay with 37 individuals and accounted for 26.62% of all the trees found within the plots.
It was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 14 of the 39 plots.
Agoho followed with 24 trees and appeared in 10 plots. Results also showed that there were
six species with only one individual enumerated within the plots. Computed Importance
Value (IV) per species showed that Talisay ranked the highest and several species with same
ranking in terms of I.V. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was
2.09.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM
Site Name: BRGY. BENEG Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 19.5 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 39
Total Transect Length: 390m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index
Talisay 37 14 35.90 0.09487 25.93 26.62 52.5 1 0.2662 -1.3236 -0.3523
Agoho 24 10 25.64 0.06154 18.52 17.27 35.8 2 0.1727 -1.7564 -0.3033
Cactus 26 4 10.26 0.06667 7.41 18.71 26.1 3 0.1871 -1.6764 -0.3136
Auri 18 5 12.82 0.04615 9.26 12.95 22.2 4 0.1295 -2.0441 -0.2647
Niyog 9 5 12.82 0.02308 9.26 6.47 15.7 5 0.0647 -2.7372 -0.1772
Sampalok 9 2 5.13 0.02308 3.70 6.47 10.2 6 0.0647 -2.7372 -0.1772
Malunggay 4 3 7.69 0.01026 5.56 2.88 8.4 7 0.0288 -3.5482 -0.1021
Ipil-ipil 2 2 5.13 0.00513 3.70 1.44 5.1 8 0.0144 -4.2413 -0.0610
Mangga 2 2 5.13 0.00513 3.70 1.44 5.1 8 0.0144 -4.2413 -0.0610 2.09
Duhat 2 1 2.56 0.00513 1.85 1.44 3.3 9 0.0144 -4.2413 -0.0610
Eucalyptus 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
Kakawate 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
Kalachuchi 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
Kasoy 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
Mansanitas 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
Papaya 1 1 2.56 0.00256 1.85 0.72 2.6 10 0.0072 -4.9345 -0.0355
TOTAL 139 54 138.46 0.35641 100 100 -58.1540 -2.0865
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
Due to diminishing fish catch the community would like to have alternative
livelihood activities to earn extra income during lean months. The following are the
suggested alternative livelihood in the area: bamboo craft, pastillas making, rag making,
welding shop and vinegar making. At present there are several skills present in the area
but lack of capital to start a business is the main concern of the community.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY BINOCLUTAN BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
“BINOCLUTAN” is a vernacular word of Botoleno derived from the root word
“BOCLUT” which refers to a storage implement locally dubbed as the movable
granary. This boclut is made of stripped bamboo stems, woven and formed
horizontally with tips clipped and tied with stripped rattan. Residents use it to store
palay and other farm products.

Waves of settlers from Ilocos Region arrived in the area in the middle part of the
18th century and among the first settlers in Barangay Binoclutan were Domingo
Quilalang, Silvestre Dayap, and Rufino Blanco. They earn their living through farming
and fishing.

Continuous increase in population and undesirable qualities of sandy farm soil in

some parts of the area compelled some family heads to migrate to Mindanao where there
is a promise of bounty, but a few returned home due to the insurgency problem in
Southern Philippines.

“BINOCLUTAN” remained a sitio of Barangay Porac for many years and it

became a barangay through the leadership of Mr. Romualdo D. Castrence and then
Municipal Mayor Amor D. Deloso. In May 1982, Barangay Binoclutan was granted
special election by the COMELEC and that was the first time the residents chose their
own Barangay Officials.
B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Binoclutan has a total land area of 186.6701 hectares. It lies between
the coordinates of 15⁰13’56” N and 120⁰01’11” E. Binoclutan has four (4) puroks.
The length of coastline is estimated to 2-3 kilometers.

Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Binoclutan

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Binoclutan has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from
September to middle of May and the wet season from May to September. Three types
of soil can be found in the bararangay: loam, sandy and clay.
C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Binoclutan has a total population of one thousand two hundred twenty
seven (1,227) as of 2009, of which 634 are males and 593 are females. The six to twelve
(6-12) years old age group is the biggest age group in the area, comprising 175 members
or 14.26% of the total population. The average number of children in the family is 3 and
the average family size is 7. Thirty percent (30%) of couples practice family planning
and the most common family planning methods are pills, injectables, natural method and
condoms. Based on the barangay profile, there was a decrease of population from the
previous year.

Eighty percent (80%) of the community are Catholics while the rest are Seventh
day Adventists, members of the Iglesia ni Cristo, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Aglipayans, and
Born Again Christians. When it comes to education, most parents are elementary
graduates while the children are currently studying and some are professionals. There are
cases that the children stopped schooling because of financial problem and instead they
work to augment the income of their parents.

Eighty percent (80%) of houses in Barangay Binoclutan have roofs made of GI

sheets and the rest have roofs made of nipa/cogon. Eighty percent (80%) of houses
have walls made of cement and the rest have walls made of buho/sawali. Most houses in
the area have glass windows. Cemented floors are dominant in the barangay but some
houses have floors made of bamboo especially in the mountainous portion of the
barangay. Eigthy (80%) of houses have toilets while the remaining 20% have
temporary toilets. Supply of potable water is from jetmatic/artesian wells. Garbage
disposal is done by burying and burning.

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Binoclutan are:
 • Tanod Outpost
• Barangay Hall
• Day Care Center
• Senior Citizen Hall
• Elementary School
• Waiting Sheds
• Churches (2)
• Barangay Center
• LPG Retailing Store
• Basketball Court
• Cockpit arena

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Binoclutan has coastal resources that include beach forest (the dominant
species is agoho), beach area, uphill/mountains, reef shoals and agricultural areas. These
habitats serve as a source of food and income for the villagers that have access to these
resources.

The community rated their present habitat in the area. Mangroves, seagrass beds,
and rivers are absent in the area. Coral reefs, beach forest, and beaches are in fair
condition. Agricultural areas though rain dependent are still in good condition because
they are productive. Uphill/mountains is in fair condition because of its nearly treeless
condition.

Issues and Problems concerning the area are:

1. Lack of livelihood opportunities in the area.
2. Illegal fishing activities
3. Lack of start-up capital
4. Lack of irrigation system to produce 2 cropping per year.
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Binoclutan
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (sea (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area grass) water)
Mga likas na Duhat, mango, Talisay, Absent Alimasag, sand Absent Loro, pusit, Tuna,
kayamanan santol, coconut agoho, alimango, kabibe, bangkutak,
(natural Rice coconut, sand danggit, tulingan,
resources) vegetable auri, alumahan tambakol,
kawayan, talakitok,
ipil-ipil, maya-maya
kakawate,
camachile
Mga uri ng Farming, Resort, Fishing, Market Kawil, pana fishing
hanapbuhay, copra, retail store, rolling area
mga Sari-sari store, cottages store,
pagkakataon carpentry cottages,
(types of resort
livelihood
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of Illegal Illegal
(problems/issu livelihood fishing fishing
es) opportunities, activities activities
lack of capital,
lack of
irrigation
 3. Livelihood
The main sources of income of the community are farming, fishing, contract
workers abroad, vending, seasonal labor and animal raising. Rice farming in the area is
dependent on rain for water supply that enables one cropping per year with average yield
of 60 cabans per hectare. Farming is usually a family activity, and Barangay Binoclutan
has forty eight (48) households relying on farming and a total of fifty (50) hectares of
farm land. Vending is usually done by women, who market vegetables and fish caught
by their husbands. Sometimes they sell fish that they bought from other fishermen
especially when the fish catch of their husband is good only for the day’s viand. Animal
raising is a good means of earning extra income, with swine, cattle and goat as the
common animal products. A 600 sq. meters fishpond is present in the barangay. Fishing
is usually done by male members of the family and fishers earn an average of
P2,000.00/month. Fifty two (52) households rely in fishing as a means of living. All
fishers are part time. There are three (3) motorized and seven (7) non motorized bancas
in the area. The area of operation is within municipal waters.

The community proposed several alternative livelihood to augment their daily

income. The following are proposed livelihood:

1. Backyard Gardening
2. Fattening
3. Welding
4. Nursing Assistant
5. Poultry
6. Baluster making
7. Tinapa making
The following are the skills available in the area:
1. Furniture making
2. Tiles setting/design
3. Carpentry
4. Sewing/dressmaking
5. Welding
 4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year.

The most common fishing gears used in the area are:

• Lambat palutang
• Lambat palubog
• Sinsuro
• Kitang
• Pana
• Pamusit
• Kawil
• Singgapong

The most common species caught in the area are:

• Tirong • Bisugo
• Dilis • Bitilya
• Tuna • Bilis
• Talakitok • Sapsap
• Tanigue • Batalay
• Bonito • Alumahan
• Pusit • Danggit
• Bangkutak • Alimasag
• Maya-maya
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Lambat
Talakitok, Alumihan, Sapsap, Danggit (Isdang Bato), Alimasag
Palubog
Lambat
Bilis, Sapsap, Batalay
Palutang
All Available Species
Sinsuro
Talakitok, Maya-Maya, Bisugo, Bitilya
Kitang
All Available Species
Pana
Pusit, Bangkutang
Pamusit (Cuttlefish)

Tuna, Talakitok, Tangigue, Bonito

Kawil
Dilis, Tirong
Singapong
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

 Figure 4: Trend Diagram

In 1970s to 1990s fishers used to catch up to 20 kilograms of fish per person per
day. Fish catch decreased to an average of 8 kilograms per person per day in 2000 and
continued to decline up to the present with an average fish catch of 5 kilograms per
person per day. Increase in number of fishers and climate change are the indicated
reasons for declining fish catch.
D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
Binoclutan Small Fisherfolk Assn. 1992 formal Livelihood & Forest
protection

KALIPI

BFARMC active

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Department of Social Welfare and Development

• Red Cross
• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)
• Non Government Organization
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• Department of Health
• Department of Agriculture
 During calamities the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
distributes relief goods and other assistance needed by the community. The Department
of Agriculture dispersed cattle to some residents of the barangay. Also, the LGU
conducted goat dispersal while the DA-LGU conducted pig dispersal for a roll over
scheme in the area. The Department of Health conducted a medical mission in the
barangay. Other agencies mentioned above should strengthen their services down to the
barangay level.

E. Coastal Resource Management

Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation are activities existing in the
barangay about coastal resource management. Coastal clean-up was done with the
assistance of DENR . The LGU established an artificial reef in Barangay Binoclutan.
Approximately eighty percent (80%) of the community is aware of the CRM related
activities in the barangay.

F. Law Enforcement
Barangay Binoclutan has a newly deputized Bantay Dagat. Together with
Bantay Dagat are the Barangay Tanod and the Barangay Peace Keeping Action Team
that would oversee the peace and order in the barangay. Bantay Dagat volunteers receive
an honorarium of P300.00 each. Illegal fishing methods and trawl fishing in the
municipal waters are the activities identified by the community as destructive in the
coastal area. Strengthening of law enforcement, provision of patrol boat, strict
implementation of fishery laws and color coding of fishing boat per municipality are the
suggested coastal management solutions to the problems mentioned.
II. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Manta tow survey was conducted in Brgy. Binoclutan, Botolan, Zambales. The
first tow has observed 40 % live corals cover. Likewise, a 40% coral cover for both
hard and soft corals was also observed in the second tow. Dead coral with algae was
dominant in the two sampling tows which comprised of about 55% and 45%,
respectively. (see Table 1). Dead coral was also observed in the area having an average
cover of 5%. This can be an indication that cyanide fishing activities is occurring in the
area. In a nutshell, the condition of the reef in the survey area is generally fair with an
overall average live coral cover of 40% for both hard and soft corals (see table 2).

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Binoclutan

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,

(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt/) Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
1 15o 14’02" N 40 0 5 55 0 100
120o 00’16 "E
2 15o13’50 "N 30 10 5 45 10 100
120o00’30" E

Table 2. Average Percentage Cover of Live and Dead Corals in 2 Sampling tow in Brgy.
Binoclutan Using the Manta Tow Technique

Tow % LHC % SC % Total Reef % DC

No. Coordinates (Live Hard (Sot Coral) Live Coral Condition (Dead
Coral) Cover Coral)
1 15o 14’02" N 40 0 40 Fair 5
120o 00’16 "E
2 15o13’50 "N 30 10 40 Fair 5
120o00’30" E
Overall Average 35 5 40 Fair 5
 2. Quadrat Method

The living coral cover at the two (2) transect sampling stations for both hard and
soft has an average percent cover of about 37%. The result showed that the reef area in
Barangay Binoclutan was in fair condition (Table 3). Rubbles were not found in the area
but dead corals were observed which can be attributed to the use of destructive fishing
activities particularly cyanide fishing. Dead coral with algae has a highest average
percentage cover of about 50%. Macroalgae represented by Sargassum spp. and Barrel
sponge (Xestospongia) were also noted in the survey area with an average cover of 7.5%
and 3 %, respectively.

Table 3. Results of Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method.

Other Other
Transect Quadrat LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ Total Observations
(Live (Sotf (Dead (cause of coral
No. No. Hard ) (Dead Coral (Algae (Sponges Rock) Silt) damage,other
invertebrates,
w/ water visibility,
Coral) Coral) Coral) Algae) Seagrass) Clams,etc) etc
1 1 25 0 5 70 0 0 0 0 100
2 75 0 0 20 5 0 0 0 100
3 50 0 0 30 15 5 0 0 100
4 15 0 0 70 5 10 0 0 100
5 55 0 0 35 10 0 0 0 100
Average
% Cover 44 0 1 45 7 3 0 0 100

2 1 40 5 0 50 5 0 0 0 100
2 5 0 0 95 0 0 0 0 100
3 30 0 5 50 15 0 0 0 100
4 25 15 0 45 5 0 0 10 100
5 30 0 0 35 15 15 0 5 100
Average
% Cover 26 4 1 55 8 3 0 3 100

Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ TOTAL
Rock) Silt)
Average %
Cover 35 2 1 50 7.5 3 0 1.5 100
 3. Line-Intercept Method

The two (2) transect sampling stations established in Barangay Binoclutan using
line intercept method revealed that the reef condition in the area was generally in fair
condition with an average of 38.00 % of live coral cover for both hard and soft corals (see
Table 4). Soft corals were absent in Station 1 but they were observed in station 2
(average cover of 2.50%). Dead corals comprised for about 45.00%, mostly covered by
assemblages algae which indicates that the corals had been dead for a long time. White
dead corals were also noted as well as barrel sponges. Abiotic like sand/silt cover was
likewise observed while rubbles were absent both in stations 1 and 2.

Table 4. Summary Results of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method

Benthic
lifeforms/coral
reef STATION 1 STATION 2
No. of No. of TOTAL AVERAGE
Component Sampling Estimated Sampling Estimated % %
Points Found % Cover Points Found % Cover
Live hard coral 39 39% 32 32% 71% 35.50%
Live soft coral 0 0% 5 5% 5% 2.50%
white dead coral 5 5% 5 5% 10% 5.00%
Dead coral with
algae 44 44% 46 46% 90% 45.00%
Turt algae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Fleshy microalgae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Coralline algae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
sponges 7 7% 5 5% 12% 6.00%
others animals 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Seagrass 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Rubble 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Rock 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Sand/Silt 5 5% 7 7% 12% 6.00%
 B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 43 fish individuals were recorded in the survey area belonging to the
Family of Acanthuridae (55.13%). This family is considered as major reef herbivores.
Indicator of hard coral species from the Family Chaetodontidae have 6 individuals, 18
individuals from the Family Pomacentridae (23.08%) and these are the species of
Chromis agilis, and Chromis caudalis, 8 individuals from the Family Labridae (10.26%),
2 individuals from the Family Nemipteridae (2.56%) and only 1 individual from the
Family of Mullidae (1.28%) were recorded.

In terms of fish abundance, Family Acanthuridae were found dominant in stations

1 and 2 followed by the family Pomacentridae (Table 2) .

Table 3. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Barangay Binoclutan,Botolan, Zambales
Sampling Stations
Family Nmae Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL Average %
Ctenochaetus
[Acanthuridae] binotatus Surgeon fish 25 18 43 55.13
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 4 2 6 7.69
Pomacentridae Chromis agilis Damsel fish 10 0 10 12.82
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 2 6 8 10.26
Labridae Thalassoma lunare wrassefish 6 2 8 10.26
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineata threadfin bream 2 0 2 2.56
Mullidae Parupeneus indicus Goat fish 1 0 1 1.28
TOTAL 50 28 78 100.00

Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals
 Table 2. Fish Abundance Graph from Two (2) Sampling Stations
Family Nmae Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2
Ctenochaetus
[Acanthuridae] binotatus Surgeon fish
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish
Pomacentridae Chromis agilis Damsel fish
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish
Labridae Thalassoma lunare wrassefish
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineata threadfin bream
Parupeneus
Mullidae indicus Goat fish

Legend (fish observed per 25 m survey area)

1-5 fish 126-625 fish

6-25 fish More than 625 fish

26-125 fish

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Brgy. Binoclutan.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Brgy. Binoclutan

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 30 plots were established, totaling to 300 meters of baseline transect length.
There were eight species enumerated resulted to 109 individuals/trees. The most common
species was Coconut with 60 individuals and accounted for 55.04% of all the trees found
within the plots and appeared in 7 plots. The most frequent species encountered was Talisay
with 10 occurrences among the 30 plots and with 22 individuals accounted for 20.18% of all
the trees. Results also showed that there were three species with only one individual
enumerated within the plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that
Coconut ranked the highest and several species with same ranking in terms of I.V. The
computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.32.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM
Site Name: BRGY. BINOCLUTAN Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 15 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 30
Total Transect Length: 300m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index
Niyog 60 7 23.33 0.20000 20.00 55.05 75.0 1 0.5505 -0.5970 -0.3286
Talisay 22 10 33.33 0.07333 28.57 20.18 48.8 2 0.2018 -1.6003 -0.3230
Auri 10 8 26.67 0.03333 22.86 9.17 32.0 3 0.0917 -2.3888 -0.2192
Agoho 12 6 20.00 0.04000 17.14 11.01 28.2 4 0.1101 -2.2064 -0.2429
Kawayan 2 1 3.33 0.00667 2.86 1.83 4.7 5 0.0183 -3.9982 -0.0734 1.32
Ipil-ipil 1 1 3.33 0.00333 2.86 0.92 3.8 6 0.0092 -4.6913 -0.0430
Kakawate 1 1 3.33 0.00333 2.86 0.92 3.8 6 0.0092 -4.6913 -0.0430
Kamatchile 1 1 3.33 0.00333 2.86 0.92 3.8 6 0.0092 -4.6913 -0.0430
TOTAL 109 116.67 0.36333 100 100 -24.8648 -1.3162
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community would like to have an alternative livelihood to earn extra income
during lean months. Lack of start-up capital and skills are the hindrances in materializing
the livelihood that they like. They also requested trainings accredited by TESDA like
nursing assistant and welding because of the high demands abroad.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY CAPAYAWAN, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
Barangay Capayawan is a small barangay. According to tradition there were so
many trees and bamboos in the barangay and as the people took rest under the trees in their
backyards, they felt sleepy because of the fresh air coming from the sea or the rice fields.
They often say “HAY KAPAYAWAN” meaning “it’s so cool and fresh”. From that phrase
came the word CAPAYAWAN, which became the name of the barangay until today.

It was said that in the year 1886, the flood that brought alluvial soil all around the
barrio of Bancal reached the outskirts of Capayawan. One of the natives of this place,
Saturnino Dagsaan by name, brought to the window of his house the picture of Sto Niño and
faced it toward the flood, and the flood subsided. Since then they held a fiesta in the house
of Saturnino Dagsaan for several years. He was called the “Camadero”. All neighboring
families helped the Camadero by bringing food stuff to his house to feed the visitors.
Comedia or moro-moro and domorokdok, a native folkdance, were also held to entertain
everybody.

When old Camadero died, his son Simeon Dagsaan took his father’s place. Later, the
new Camadero thought of procuring a statue image of Sto Niño instead of using the picture
owned by his father be worshipped during the celebration. So he went to Manila and bought
one which is being worshipped even this day. After a few years, as the people became more
and more in the barrio, Simeon Dagsaan and several other such as Jacinto Dagsaan, Isidoro
Dagsaan, Pelagio Mendoza, Agustin Dofredo, Sotero Gonzales, etc., met together and talked
about erecting a church. A church was then built and Christ Child was made permanent
patron saint. On the first day of each year, a big celebration is held for the patron saint.
 Years before the flood of October, 1936, a deep lake was found east of the barrio.
This was the mouth of the winding creek with its source at the barrio of Batonlapoc, east of
the town of Botolan.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Capayawan is bounded on the East by Barangay San Miguel at the
South by Barangay Bangan and on the North by Brgy Beneg. It lies between the
coordinates of 15⁰16’49” N and 120⁰00’40” E.

Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Capayawan

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Capayawan, has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from October
to April and the wet season from May to September.
C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Capayawan has a total population of nine hundred ninety three (993) as
of 2008; five hundred thirty two (532) of which are males and four hundred sixty one
(461) are females. It has two hundred thirteen (213) households, 98% of it are occupied
by the owners while 2% are occupied by tenants.

Average number of children in the family ranges from 5 to 6. Average family

size is ten (10). Sixty percent (60%) of the population practice family planning. The
most common family planning method being adopted by couples in the barangay are
pills, injectables, natural method, condom and ligation. Although most couples practice
family planning methods, the population of Barangay Capayawan is still increasing
because of natural birth.

Approximately sixty percent (60%) of community members are Catholics while

the rest are Jehovah’s Witnesses, Seventh day Adventists, Aglipayans, Born Again
Christians, Crusaders and members of the Iglesia ni Cristo.

When it comes to education, most of the parents are high school and college
graduates. Many of the children are still studying in elementary and high school. There
are children that are already professionals. Children who stop schooling work as fishers.
Ninety five percent (95%) of houses in Barangay Capayawan have roofs made of G.I.
sheets and five percent (5%) have roofs made of nipa or cogon. Ninety five percent
(95%) of the walls are made of concrete materials and the rest are made of
nipa/coconut/bamboo. Seventy percent (70) of houses have windows that are made of
glass while some have windows made of G.I. sheets, steel and pawid. Flooring materials
are mostly made of cement, bamboo and earthen floor.

The people of Barangay Capayawan are dependent on jetmatic/artesian wells for

their water supply. Garbage is disposed individually, invoking the “Dumi mo, tapon mo,
tapat mo, linis mo” policy. There is no garbage collector in the area.
 2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Capayawan are:

• Barangay Hall
• Senior Citizen Hall
• Health Center
• Day Care Center
• Elementary School
• Barangay Plaza
• Children’s Park
• Barangay Outpost
• Church
 Aglipay
 Crusader

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Capayawan has coastal resources that include beach forest (the dominant
species is agoho), beach area, river, and agricultural areas. These habitats serve as a
source of food and income for the villagers that have access to these resources.

Barangay Capayawan was hit by flash floods caused by typhoon Ondoy prior to
the assessment and the community was waiting for relief assistance from government
aids and private institutions.

The following are observations, issues and problems concerning the habitat of
Barangay Capayawan.

1. Beach forest was eroded during typhoon

2. Flash flood that occurred in the area.
3. Siltation in river.
4. Some portion of agricultural areas was destroyed by flood.
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Capayawan
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass bed) (Reef/ (Deep water)
Parameter Area Shoal)
Mga likas na Santol, Talisay, absent sand absent absent Rabbit fish (no Tuna,
kayamanan mango, agoho, natural reefs burador,
(natural resources) camachile, niyog, auri, present) gagaong,
narra, duhat, kakawate, dilis, tirong,
kasoy, agoho, camachile, tuna
pig, goat papaya,
mangga

Mga uri ng Farming, Market Fishing Fishing

hanapbuhay, mga rolling store, area, net
pagkakataon mending,
(types of boat
livelihood, building
opportunities)

Mga suliranin Some areas siltation Erosion Illegal fishing Illegal

(problems/issues) were washed activities fishing
out by flood activities
 3. Livelihood
The residents of Capayawan earn their living by farming, fishing, vending,
rolling stores, seasonal labor and employment to public and private agencies or
establishments. Farmers used to harvest 80 kabans/hectare. Irrigation that supplies water
for some portion of the areas is already silted. During dry season, farmers worked as part
time fishers for extra income. They usually fished in the river. Fishers earn
P10,000.00-P15,000.00 a month during peak season. Baklad (choco ami) is present in
the area and its workers were hired from nearby barangay. Women usually earn by
selling fish to nearby barangays.

There are more or less twenty (20) motorized and thirty (30) non-motorized
banca in the locality and all of these operate in municipal waters.

The community prefers tinapa making, backyard piggery, sabon making, candle
making, and fish processing particularly boneless bangus for an alternative livelihood.
Bagoong making is a skill available in the area.

4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used in the
area are:

• Singgapong
• Sudsud
• Og-og
• Kaskas
• Lambat

The most common species caught are:

• Tirong • Sapsap
• Dilis • Alamang
 • Hasahasa • Tanigue
• Matambaka • Espada
• Salaysalay • Talakitok
• Tuna • Alumahan
• Katis • Mayamaya
• Tulingan • bulanbulan

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

(Full Moon) Talakitok, Alumahan, Maya-Maya, Bulan-Bulan

Lambat
Tuna, Katis, Tulingan, Tanigue, Espada
Kaskas
Hasa-Hasa, Matambaka, Salay-Salay,
Og - Og SapSap, Dilis

Alamang
Sudsud
(Dark) Tirong, Dilis, Sapsap
Singgapong
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

 The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1970’s to the present. In
1970’s to 1980’s, average fish catch reached up to 50 kilograms per person per day. In
1980’s average fish catch was maintained to fifty kilograms per person per day. In 1990’s
average fish catch decreased to 30 kilograms per person per day. In 2000, fish catch
decreased to 30 kilograms per person per day. At present, average fish catch is five
kilograms per person per day. It was observed that there was a continuous decrease of
fish catch from 1980’s up to present because of intensification of illegal fishing practices
and increase number of fishers.

Figure 4: Trend Diagram

 D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
Peoples Organization When Established Formal or Informal Main functions/area
(POs) of concern

FARMC Inactive

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)

• Non Government Organization
• Provincial Government of Zambales
• Department of Agriculture (LGU)
• Department of Health
• Department of Social Welfare and Development

The people of Barangay Capayawan recognize the services of the agencies listed
above. The Department of Health sponsored vaccines and medicines for the community.
The Department of Social Welfare and Development extended their services especially
during calamities. Other agencies not mentioned above need to strengthen their services.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Capayawan conducted coastal cleanup to maintain the cleanliness but
garbage disposal is one of the problems in the area. Animal waste and improper disposal
of garbage are the identified destructive activities in the area. Some community
members dispose their garbage by burning or burying. Recyclable materials are sold to
junkshops for extra income. A penalty for individuals throwing their garbage improperly
is a suggested solution to this destructive activity.
 E. Law Enforcement
Barangay Capayawan has an active Bantay Dagat at present. According to some
Bantay Dagat members it is their duty to protect the coastal area where they earn a living
to support their family.

II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs present in the two (2)
sampling areas in Brgy. Capayawan, Botolan, Zambales. Sand and silt covered most of
the area. This might be due to siltation mainly from sediment-laden water run-offs from
the land. Macro algae (Padina) was also observed in the area which grows up on a sandy
substrate.

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Capayawan

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,
(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt) Observations
Coral) Coral) w/ Algae)
15o 16’40"
1 N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sandy/Silt Bottom
o
119 59’56
"E Substrate
o
15 16’41"
2 N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sandy/Silt Bottom
o
119 59’57
"E Substrate
 B. Fish Visual Census
Non-commercially important (or major group coral reef indicators) and
commercially important (target group or major carnivores) species were absent in the two
(2) sampling stations. This indicates the absence of coral reef in the area. There were
only seven (4) fish individuals sighted in the area belonging to the family of Siganidae
(100 %), which were considered as major reef herbivores (Table 5).

Table 5. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Capayawan,Botolan, Zambales

Family Sampling
Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
Name STN 1 STN 2

Siganus
Siganidae canaliculatus Rabbitfish 3 1 4 100.00

TOTAL 3 1 4 100

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Capayawan.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Barangay Capayawan.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 20 plots were established, totaling to 200 meters of baseline transect

length. Results showed that there were 100 trees enumerated belonging to eight species.
The most common tree is Talisay with 36 individuals (36% of all trees) and also the most
frequent species which appeared in 11 plots. Followed closely by Agoho with 35
individuals (35%) which appeared in 10 plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per
species showed that Coconut ranked the highest with an Importance Value of 65.7. The
computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.5.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM

Site Name: BRGY. CAPAYAWAN Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 10 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 20
Total Transect Length: 200m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index

Talisay 36 11 55.00 0.18 29.73 36.00 65.7 1 0.3600 -1.0217 -0.3678

Agoho 35 10 50.00 0.18 27.03 35.00 62.0 2 0.3500 -1.0498 -0.3674
Niyog 12 7 35.00 0.06 18.92 12.00 30.9 3 0.1200 -2.1203 -0.2544
Auri 10 4 20.00 0.05 10.81 10.00 20.8 4 0.1000 -2.3026 -0.2303
Kakawate 2 2 10.00 0.01 5.41 2.00 7.4 5 0.0200 -3.9120 -0.0782 1.5
Kamatchile 2 1 5.00 0.01 2.70 2.00 4.7 6 0.0200 -3.9120 -0.0782
Mangga 2 1 5.00 0.01 2.70 2.00 4.7 6 0.0200 -3.9120 -0.0782
Papaya 1 1 5.00 0.01 2.70 1.00 3.7 7 0.0100 -4.6052 -0.0461
TOTAL 100 185.00 0.50 100 100 -22.8356 -1.5007
1. III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community wishes to have an alternative livelihood due to continuous
decline of fish catch. Some of the alternative livelihood mentioned by the community are
tinapa making, backyard piggery, sabon making, candle making and fish processing. These
alternative livelihood projects will offer security for the community members during lean
months and bad weathers.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY DANACBUNGA BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Danacbunga has a total land area of more or less 120 hectares. It lies
between the coordinates of 15⁰17’50” N and 119⁰59’54” E. Danacbunga has six (6)
puroks.

Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Danacbunga

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics
Barangay Danacbunga has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from
November to May and the wet season from June to October.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Danacbunga has a total population of two thousand six hundred ninety
six (2,696) as of 2009, of which 1,378 are male and 1,318 are female. The six to twelve
(6-12) years old age group is the biggest age group in the area, comprising 360 members
or 13.35% of the total population. The average number of children in the family is 4 and
the average family size is 7. Sixty percent (60%) of couples practice family planning and
the most common family planning methods are pills, ligation and condoms. Increase in
population is attributed to migration due to marriage, migration from other regions like
Visayas, and migration by foreign citizens. Ninety percent (90%) of the community are
Catholics while the rest are Baptists, Muslims, Seventh day Adventists, Aglipayans, Born
Again Christians, Mormons and members of the Iglesia ni Cristo. When it comes to
education, most parents are high school graduates while the children are currently
studying. There are cases that the children stopped schooling because of financial
problem.

Ninety percent (90%) of houses in Barangay Danacbunga have roofs made of GI

sheets and the rest have roofs made of nipa/cogon. Eighty percent (80%) of houses
have walls made of concrete and the rest have walls made of nipa, coconut fronds and
bamboo. Most houses in the area have glass windows although traditional type of
windows is still present. Cemented floors are dominant in the barangay but some houses
have floors made of wood and bamboo. Ninety five percent (95%) of houses have
toilets; five percent (5%) of the houses do not have toilets and these are usually found
along the river and the coastline. Supply of potable water is from jetmatic/artesian wells.
Garbage disposal is done by burying and burning while recyclable materials are gathered
and sold to junkshops.
 2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Danacbunga are:

• Barangay Hall
• Multipurpose hall
• Day Care Center
• Senior Citizen Hall
• Community Learning Resource Center (CLRC)
• Health Center
• Elementary School
• Barangay Tanod Outpost
• Church (3)

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Danacbunga has coastal resources that include beach forest, beach area,
river, mangrove, agricultural areas, and coral reefs. These habitats serve as a source of
food and income for the villagers that have access to these resources.

The community rated their present habitat in the area. Seagrass is absent in the
area because of siltation brought by Pinatubo eruption and the flash flood that occurred
recently in the area due to typhoon. Mangroves, tidal flats, beaches, rivers and
agricultural areas are rated in good condition. Beach forest is in fair condition. Some
portion of the beach forest was converted to settlement area. Trees like talisay and agoho
are some species that grow well in the community. Uphill/mountain is absent in the area.

The following are observations, issues and problems concerning the habitat of
Barangay Danacbunga.
 Issues and problems concerning the area are:

• Garbage brought by strong waves.

• Lack of livelihood opportunities in the area.
• Lack of irrigation system that will supply water to agricultural areas to
produce 2-3 cropping a year.
• Lack of start-up capital for livelihood/small business
• Illegal fishing activities

3. Livelihood
The main sources of income of the community are farming, fishing, salt making,
seasonal labor, buy and sell and mango spraying. Rice farming in the area is dependent
on rain for water supply that enables one cropping per year. Farmers who have water
pump may harvest up to three (3) cropping for a year. Farmers produce 90 cabans of rice
per hectare per cropping. Salt making is another source of income in the community.
They usually look for firewood used in salt making in the coastal area brought by waves.
Gleaning of balisara, lukan and suso in the mangrove area along the river is done by the
residents and these shells are for sale and personal consumption. Fishing operation
usually operates 15 days/month. There are three hundred (300) part time and
unregistered fishers in the area. Some farmers are also part time fishers. There are ten
(10) motorized and 30-50 non motorized bancas in the area. The area of operation is
within municipal waters.

The following are trainings attended by the community members;

1. Dressmaking
2. Fish Processing
3. Meat processing
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Capayawan
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (sea grass) (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area water)
Mga likas na Mango, nito, Agoho, Lukan, sand sand absent Lapu-lapu, Tanigue,
kayamanan sinegwelas, talisay, talaba, hipon, tambakol, talakatak,
(natural kasoy, niyog, auri, alimango, liyaliya, baralyrete,
resources) malunggay sampalok bakawan killing, barracuda
babae, killing (no
pagatpat, natural
nipa, gapas- reefs
gapas present)
Mga uri ng Sari-sari store, Resort Gleaning, Market area, Fishing Fishing
hanapbuhay, mga boat building, talaba culture boat (timbog) (timbog,
pagkakataon net mending building, tansi)
(types of mango net mending
livelihood spraying
opportunities)
Mga suliranin Lack of Conversion Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) livelihood of some fishing fishing
opportunities, portion of activities activities
lack of capital the beach
area into
residential/s
ettlement
area
 4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year.

The most common fishing gears used in the area are:

• Lambat
• Timbog (kawil)
• Hila-hila

The most common species caught in the area are:

• Tulingan
• Tangigue
• Baralyete
• Palos
• Lapu-lapu
• Talakitok
• Baralyete
• Aligasin
• Lawihan
• Gagaong
• Bangus
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Talakitok, Aligasin, Lawihan, Gagaong, Bangus
Lambat
Lapu-Lapu, Baralyate, Lahat Halos
Timbog
Tulingan, Tangigue, Baralyate, Palos
Hila-Hila
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

In 1960s fishers used to catch up to 100 kilograms of fish per person per day.
Fish catch decreased to an average of 50 kilograms per person per day in the 1970s and
continued to decline through 1980s because of illegal fishing practices. This trend got
worse in 1990s with the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo which produced lahar that became a
water pollutant due to siltation in the rivers and coastline. Another factor that contributed
to the continuing decrease of fish catch after the 1990s was the prevalence of fertilizer
application in the farmlands which also drained out to the rivers and coastline during
rainy season and caused water pollution. At present, fishers claim an average fish catch
of only ten (10) kilograms of fish per person per day.
 Figure 4: Trend Diagram

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
Samahan ng Mangingisda at Mag-aasin 2005 formal Livelihood
ng Panayonan (SAMAMPA)

Kapisanan ng ng Magsasaka ng October 16, Upgrading of

Danacbunga 2009 livelihood

FARMC

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)

• Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• Department of Social Welfare and Development
 • Red Cross
• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources
• Non Government Organization

The Local Government of Botolan has several services in health, livelihood,

education and other projects for the community. During calamities the Department of
Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) distributes relief goods and other assistance
needed by the community. The NGO conducted trainings on fish and meat processing
for interested individual. The DSWD also sponsored training for dressmaking for
interested women in the barangay. Other agencies mentioned above should strengthen
their services down to the barangay level.

E. Coastal Resource Management

Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation are activities existing in the
barangay about coastal resource management. Coastal clean-up was done with the
assistance of DENR and mangrove reforestation was conducted with the assistance of
DA-LGU. Community members have attended seminars on waste management
sponsored by UPRA. Approximately, only fifty percent (50%) of the community is
aware of the CRM related activities in the barangay.

F. Law Enforcement
Barangay Danacbunga has an existing Bantay Dagat before but the badges and
IDs issued were already expired. Illegal fishing methods usually done by fishers from
other towns and improper waste disposal are the activities identified by the community as
destructive in the coastal area. Police visibility and demarcation of coastal boundaries are
the suggested coastal management solutions to the problems mentioned.
 II. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment
Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs present in the two (2) sampling
tow conducted in Brgy. Danacbunga, Botolan, Zambales. Sand and silt covered most of the
area. This might be due to exposure of the area to strong waves and high siltation rate coming
from the land during run-offs. It was also observed that most of the dead corals in the area were
silted.

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,

(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt/) Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
o
1 15 17’13" N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sandy/Silt
119o 59’20 "E Bottom
2 15o 17’14" N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sandy/Silt
119o 59’21 "E Bottom

B. Fish Visual Census

There were no major reef herbivores and non-commercially important (or major group
coral reef indicators) species found in the area. There were only three (3) individuals of
commercially important species (target group or major carnivores) sighted in the area which
belongs to Family Serranidae (species of Epinephelus fasciatus) (Table 5).

Table 5. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Danacbunga, Botolan, Zambales

Family Sampling
Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
Name STN 1 STN 2

Epinephelus
Serranidae fasciatus Grouper 3 0 3 100.00

TOTAL 3 0 3 100.00
C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment
There were no seagrass observed in Barangay Danacbunga.
D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

During the mangrove habitat assessment in Brgy.Danac-Bunga, Botolan,

Zambales on October 30, 2009, a mangrove site dominated by Pagatpat species was
assessed. 5 transect lines were measured with a total of 17 quadrats identified (1,700 sq.
meters) to represent the mangrove site. The total number of mangrove species identified
and measured was 340 trees, mostly dominated by Pagatpat and Gapas-gapas species
(189 and 131, respectively). Height of the mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at
the lowest) and 12 meters at the highest (non-Nipa species) with computed average
height of 4.72 meters. Crown cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (average crown
diameter)2, and the total crown diameter for all species measured was 1,709.83 m2.
Getting the percent cover of all species, the total crown diameter (1,709.83 m2) was
divided by 1,700 m2 (17 quadrats x 100 m2), resulting to computed percent crown cover
of 63.5 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 85 species were identified/listed on a total of 51 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the assessed mangrove site is 1.67
regenerations per square meter.

Based on the table on mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Mangrove of

Barangay Danac-Bunga was found to be GOOD in condition based on all computed
parameters derived during the assessment. The mangrove area was located in an area near
abandoned fish-pens alongside the beach coast of the Barangay. Noticeable were the
dominance of two species, namely Pagatpat and Gapas-gapas, on a wet and brackish
substrate. Threat on its survival is evident due to its proximity to residential area. Some
shell species were found in the substrate.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

During the beach habitat assessment in Brgy. Danacbunga, Botolan, Zambales, a

site along the Barangay coastline facing the South China Sea was assessed. A total of 42
plots were established, totaling to 420 meters of baseline transect length. Results showed
that there were 158 trees enumerated belonging to five species. The most common tree is
Agoho with 119 individuals (75.32% of all trees) and followed by Talisay with 26
individuals (16.46%).

All trees found in the plot resulted to a total of 28 occurrences out of 42 sampling
unit/ plot. These occurrences signified that some plots would appear barren or open area.
Agoho is the most frequent species which appeared in 12 plots and Talisay followed with
9 occurrences. Comparatively, the most important species on beach habitat is Agoho
with an Importance Value of 118.2. It is considerably the most abundant and the most
frequent of all species enumerated. The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest
site assessed was 0.79.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM

Site Name: BRGY. DANACBUNGA Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 21 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 42
Total Transect Length: 420m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index

Agoho 119 12 28.57 0.28333 42.86 75.32 118.2 1 0.7532 -0.2835 -0.2135
Talisay 26 9 21.43 0.06190 32.14 16.46 48.6 2 0.1646 -1.8045 -0.2969
Niyog 5 4 9.52 0.01190 14.29 3.16 17.4 3 0.0316 -3.4532 -0.1093
0.79
Auri 7 2 4.76 0.01667 7.14 4.43 11.6 4 0.0443 -3.1167 -0.1381
Sampalok 1 1 2.38 0.00238 3.57 0.63 4.2 5 0.0063 -5.0626 -0.0320
TOTAL 158 28 66.67 0.37619 100 100 -13.7204 -0.7898
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community would like to have an alternative livelihood to earn extra income
during lean months. The following are suggested alternative livelihood in the area: animal
raising, livelihood related to carpentry, agricultural/fishing supply within the area, candle
making, soap making, recycling and vending. At present there are several skills available in
the area: salt making, bagoong making and handicraft. Lack of start-up capital is the
hindrance in materializing the livelihood that they like.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY PANAN, BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
The area where Barangay Panan stands was formerly occupied by Aetas until Ilocanos
from Vigan, Paoay and Narvacan migrated into the place. Among the first Ilocano
inhabitants were Agapito Echiverre, Tanacio Fallorin, Adriano Fabia, Ambrosio Arca and
Francisco de los Reyes. When the newcomers dominated the area, some of the Aetas became
their servants while some opted to live in the hills and continued resistance from those they
considered as invaders. Legend tells that during this antagonism between the newcomers and
the native Aetas, one of the natives shot with a bow and arrow and killed a woman. Since
then the place was called “Panan” which is derived from the word PANA which is an Ilocano
word for bow and arrow.

Another version of the origin of the name however, states that it came from the name of
an edible plant that is similar to the ginger. This plant used to grow abundantly in the area
but disappeared when the place was cleared for rice farming.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Panan is the southernmost part of Botolan. It is eleven (11) kilometers
from the town of Botolan and seven (7) kilometers from Cabangan. It has eight puroks
namely: Kaunlaran, Kasaganaan, Pag-asa, Pagkakaisa, Tanglaw, Bayanihan, Magsasaka and
Damayan. It lies between the coordinates of 15⁰12’51” N and 120⁰01’24” E.
 Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Panan

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Panan, has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from October to
middle of May and the wet season from middle of June to September.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Panan has a total population of two thousand four hundred twenty three
(2,423) as of 2009; one thousand two hundred seventy (1,270) of which are males and
one thousand one hundred fifty three (1,153) are females. It has six hundred eighteen
(618) households.
 Average number of children in the family ranges from 4 to 5 and average family
size is nine (9). Twenty five percent (25%) of the population practice family planning.
The most common family planning methods being adopted by couples in the barangay
are pills, injectables, natural method, and tubal ligation. Although most couples practice
family planning methods, the population of Barangay Panan is still increasing because of
natural birth and migration from Visayas and Manila .

Approximately sixty percent (60%) of community members are Catholics while

the rest are Seventh day Adventists, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Baptists, Aglipayans, Born
Again Christians and members of the Iglesia ni Cristo.

When it comes to education, most of the parents are high school graduates.
Many of the children are still studying in elementary and high school and there are some
children who are already professionals. Children who stop schooling work in community
projects. Ninety percent (90%) of houses in Barangay Panan have roofs made of G.I.
sheets and ten percent (10%) have roofs made of nipa or cogon. Seventy percent (70%)
of the houses have walls made of cement and the rest have walls made of
nipa/coconut/bamboo. Seventy five percent (75) of houses have windows that are made
of glass while some have windows made of coconut fronds. Flooring materials are
mostly made of cement, tile, bamboo and earthen floor.

The people of Barangay Panan are dependent on jetmatic/artesian wells for their
water supply. Garbage is disposed by burning.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Panan are:

• Covered Court
• Barangay Hall
• Senior Citizen Hall
 • Day Care Center
• Dental and Health Center
• Elementary School
• Tanod Outpost
• Waiting Sheds
• Church
 Born Again (3)
 Aglipayan
 Crusader

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Panan has coastal resources that include beach forest (the dominant species
is agoho), beach area, river, agricultural areas, and uphill/mountains. These habitats serve
as a source of food and income for the villagers that have access to these resources.

Barangay Panan has poor beaches because of waste from land and siltation.
Mountains are in fair condition because of kaingin and other destructive activities in
upland areas. Rivers and agricultural areas are in good condition. Other habitats of
Barangay Panan are affected by floods, typhoons and silt (lahar) from the eruption of Mt.
Pinatubo.

Barangay Panan was hit by flash floods caused by typhoon Ondoy prior to the
assessment and the community was waiting for relief assistance from government and
private institutions at that time.

The following are observations, issues and problems concerning the habitat of
Barangay Capayawan.

1. Use of illegal fishing methods

2. Improper waste disposal
3. Lack of livelihood opportunities
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Panan
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Area Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (Seagrass bed) (reef/ (deep water)
Parameter Shoal)
Mga likas na Mango, rice, Agoho, absent sand absent Therapon,
kayamanan corn, beans, auri, cardinal
(natural resources) eggplant, mani, talisay, fish (no
ampalaya, niyog, natural
kamatis, kamote, duhat reefs
okra present)

Mga uri ng Farming, rolling Boat Fishing Fishing

hanapbuhay, mga store, animal building,
pagkakataon raising net
(types of mending,
livelihood, buy and
opportunities) sell

Mga suliranin Lack of Some Siltation, Illegal Illegal

(problems/issues) livelihood portion improper fishing fishing
oppurtunities converted disposal of activity activity
to garbage
residential
area
 3. Livelihood
The residents of Barangay Panan earn their living by farming, fishing, vending,
carpentry, charcoal making and working as mechanics/electricians. Farmers used to
harvest 70-80 kabans/hectare. Those who have water pumps switch to vegetables after
rice farming. Farmers during dry season engage in fishing to support the daily needs of
the family. Fishers earn an estimated of P4,000.00/month. Seven units of fish cages in
rivers and aquacultures are present in the area. Women usually earn by selling the fish
caught by their husbands and they also venture on buying and selling vegetables and meat
during lean months.

There are more or less ten (10) motorized and forty (40) non-motorized banca in
the locality and all of these operate in municipal waters. There are approximately fifty
five (55) fishers in the locality wherein twenty five (25) are fulltime fishers and thirty
(30) work part time.

Trainings attended by the community are:

1. candle making
2. vegetable and rice production

The proposed alternative livelihood of Barangay Panan are

1. Animal Raising
2. Dressmaking

Skills available in the area are:

1. candy making
2. bag making
3. carving
4. carpentry
 4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year. The most common fishing gears used in the
area are:

• Kawil
• Kitang
• Hila hila
• Lambat
• Salok
• Kaskas
• Pana
• Paadag

The most common species caught are:

• Dilis • Pugao
• Tirong • barracuda
• Tanigue • marlin
• susay • tuna
• Sapsap • lapu-lapu
• Talakitok • pusit
• Balaki • pugita
• Bonito • lobster
• Baralyete • mataan
• Salmon • bulang
• Mayamay • dilis
• Bisugo • tirong
• Bitilya
 FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES

Lapu-Lapu, Bisugo, Talakitok, Balaki

Kawil
Talakitok, Barakuda, Maya-Maya, Bisugo, Bitilya, Pugao
Kitang
Bonito, Barilyete, Tangigue, Salmon
Hila-Hila
Mataan, Talakitok, Balaki
Lambat
Dilis, Tirong
Salok

Kaskas Talakitok, Mataan, Bulang-Bulang

Lapu-Lapu, Pusit, Pugita, Lobster

Pana
Tanigue, Susay, Barakuda, Marlin, Tuna
Paadag
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

The trend diagram shows the trend of fish catch from 1970s to the present. In
1970s to 1980s, average fish catch reached up to 15 kilograms per person per day. In
1990s average fish catch decreased to 12 kilograms per person per day. In 2000, fish
catch decreased to 7 kilograms per person per day. At present, average fish catch is 3
kilograms per person per day. It was observed that there was a continuous decrease of
fish catch from 1980s up to the present because of intensification of illegal fishing
practices.
 Figure 4: Trend Diagram

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations

Peoples
Organization (POs) When Established Formal or Informal Main functions/area
of concern

Fisherfolk 2002 formal

Association

BFARMC

Panan Farmers Assoc. 2008 formal Livelihood

Rural Improvement 1980s formal Livelihood

Clubs

Panan Youth AP
(PYAP)
 3. External Supporting Organizations
The following are agencies that support the community:

• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)

• Lending Institution
• Department of Agriculture (LGU)

The people of Barangay Panan recognize the services of the agencies listed above.
Most of the services that they have received came from the Local Government. During
lean months, the community members borrow from a lending institution that is available
in the area.

D. Coastal Resource Management

Barangay Panan has coastal cleanup activities sponsored by the LGU.
Approximately 37% of the community knew of the existing activities regarding CRM.
Illegal fishing such as dynamite and cyanide fishing, electrofishing in the river and
improper disposal of garbage are the identified destructive activities in the area. Some
community members dispose their garbage by burning or throwing it in the river.
Alternative livelihood and a legislative resolution to prohibit illegal fishing activities are
the suggested solution to minimize these destructive activities.

E. Law Enforcement
Barangay Capayawan has an inactive Bantay Dagat at present due to lack of
equipment and operational budget. Aside from Bantay Dagat, Barangay Tanod is
present in the barangay that maintains peace and order.
II. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

Based on manta tow survey, there were no natural reefs present in the two (2)
sampling tow conducted in Brgy. Panan, Botolan, Zambales. Sand and silt covered
most of the area. This might be due to siltation mainly from sediment-laden water run-
offs from the land and sewage discharge coming from the household. Murky waters was
also noted in the area during the assessment which made it quite hard for the divers to
assess the area.

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Panan

Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Sand/ Total Notes,
(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Silt) Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
o
1 15 16’34" N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sand/Silt
120o 00’30 "E Bottom
2 15o 16’35" N 0 0 0 0 100 100 Sand/Silt
120o 00’31 "E Bottom

B. Fish Visual Census

There were no reef fish carnivores and herbivores present in the area during the
assessment. Only indicator of hard coral species were sighted which belongs to Family
Theraponidae. The team has noted three (3) species from this family (Three line
therapon) while there were also which belongs to Family Apogonidae (2 individuals
sighted) (Table 5).
 Table 5. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Panan, Botolan, Zambales
Family Sampling
Scientific Name English Name TOTAL AVE %
Name STN 1 STN 2
Teraponidae Terapon jarbua Terapon 2 1 3 60.00
Other
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 2 0 2 40.00
TOTAL 4 1 5 100

Legend:

<fishes> - major reef carnivores

[fishes] - major reef herbivores

Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Brgy. Panan.

D. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Brgy. Panan.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 50 plots were established, totaling to 500 meters of baseline transect.

There were five species enumerated resulting to 233 individuals/trees. The most
common species was Agoho with 153 individuals and accounted for 65.66% of all the
trees found within the plots. It was also the most frequent species encountered which
appeared in 27 plots. Auri followed with 43 trees and appeared in 11 plots. Computed
Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Agoho ranked the highest with 114.8.
The computed Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.01.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM
Site Name: BRGY. PANAN Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 25 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 50
Total Transect Length: 500m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index
Agoho 153 27 54.00 0.30600 49.09 65.67 114.8 1 0.6567 -0.4206 -0.2762
Auri 43 11 22.00 0.08600 20.00 18.45 38.5 2 0.1845 -1.6898 -0.3119
Talisay 19 11 22.00 0.03800 20.00 8.15 28.2 3 0.0815 -2.5066 -0.2044
1.01
Niyog 17 5 10.00 0.03400 9.09 7.30 16.4 4 0.0730 -2.6178 -0.1910
Duhat 1 1 2.00 0.00200 1.82 0.43 2.2 5 0.0043 -5.4510 -0.0234
TOTAL 233 110.00 0.46600 100 100 -12.6859 -1.0068
1. III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community wishes to stop illegal fishing activities through local legislation
and its implementation. The continuous decline in fish catch prompts them to aspire for
alternative livelihood projects that will offer extra income to support the needs of the family
especially during lean months and bad weathers.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY PAREL BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
Barangay Parel was part of Barangay Bancal, Botolan, Zambales. Since it has
met the required number of residents to become a sole barangay, Parel was established and
its name was derived after its landmark PADER that separates from Bancal.

B. Biophysical Characteristics

1. Location
Barangay Parel is one of the 31 barangays of Botolan, Zambales. It is located
between Barangay Bancal and Barangay Danacbunga, western part of Botolan. It has a total
land area of approximately 940,000 square meters and a coastline of approximately 0.5
kilometer. It lies between the coordinates of 15⁰18’58” N and 120⁰01’25” E. Parel has
five(5) puroks namely; Purok I (Mayanan), Purok II (Sentro), Purok III (Baba), Purok IV
(Bagatan) and Purok V (Duhok).

Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Parel

 2. Climate and Soil Characteristics
Barangay Parel has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from December to
May and the wet season from June to November.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Parel has a total population of one thousand forty (1,040) as of March
2009, of which 518 are males and 522 are females. The eighteen to thirty one (18-31)
years old age group is the biggest age group in the area, comprising 260 members or 25%
of the total population. The average number of children in the family is 5 and 50% of
the households have extended family and the average family size is 10-11. Eighty
percent (80%) of couples practice family planning and the most common family planning
methods are injectables, pills and ligation. The family planning and responsible
parenthood is administered by the rural health unit. Increase in population is attributed to
migration due to marriage, migration from other municipalities and natural birth.

The most common illnesses recorded in the barangay based on the barangay
profile as of 2009 are:

1. Vitamin deficiency
2. Asthma
3. Skin allergies
4. Abdominal pain
5. Dizziness
6. Headache

Mortality is usually caused by:

1. Hypertension
2. Diabetes
3. Skin disease
4. Old age
 Seventy percent (70%) of the community are Catholics while the rest are
Protestants, members of the Iglesia ni Cristo, Baptists, Aglipayans and Born Again
Christians. When it comes to education, most parents are high school graduates while
the children are currently studying. There are cases that the children stopped schooling
because of financial problem. Some children took short courses offered by TESDA.

Most houses in Barangay Parel have roofs made of GI sheets. Ninety percent
(90%) of houses have walls made of cement and the rest have walls made of nipa,
coconut fronds and bamboo. Sixty percent (60%) of houses in the area have glass
windows and the rest are bamboo, nipa, coconut fronds and GI sheets. Cemented floors
are dominant in the barangay but some houses have floors made of wood and bamboo.
Based on the census of population and housing Barangay Parel has 251 household; two
hundred eleven (211) houses are occupied by owner and forty (40) are tenanted. Ninety
three percent (93%) of houses have toilets and seven percent (7%) of the houses do not
have toilets. Supply of potable water is from jetmatic/artesian wells. Some household
used mineral water for drinking. The water system existing before was closed because of
bankruptcy. Garbage is disposed by burning and composting.

2. Community Resources

a. Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Parel are:

• Barangay Hall
• Elementary School
• Day Care Center
• Health Center
• Covered Court
• Reading Center
• Outpost
 • Church
- Baptist
- Born Again
- Aglipay

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Parel has coastal resources that include beach area, river, mangroves, coral
reefs, and agricultural areas. These habitats serve as a source of food and income for the
villagers that have access to these resources.

The community rated their present habitat in the area. Seagrass and
uphill/mountains are absent in the area. Tidal flats and beaches are also in fair condition.
Mangroves, rivers and agricultural areas are in good condition. The most dominant
species in the mangrove area are bakawan babae and pagatpat. The residents gather shells
for sale and personal consumption in the mangrove area. Agricultural area though rain
dependent can still produce a good crop.

Issues and Problems concerning the area are:

1. Lack of livelihood opportunities in the area.
2. Lack of starting capital for livelihood that they like
3. Cutting of mangroves and conversion to fishponds
4. Erosion of beaches and tidal flats due to strong waves
5. Dynamite, cyanide and fishing with the use of fine mesh nets.
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Parel
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (sea (reef/shoal) (deep
Parameter Area grass) water)
Mga likas na Mango, star absent Pototan, sand sand absent Snapper, Aligasin,
kayamanan apple, kasoy, Buta-buta, lapu-lapu, sapsap,mala
(natural resources) langka, tabau, nipa, mayamaya, kapas, tuna,
sampalok, bakawan pargo, alumahan
labanos, santol, babae, talakitok,
sitaw pagatpat, loro,
crabs, papakol
shrimps,
balisara,
lukan, talaba,
suso, sisi
Mga uri ng Backyard Gleaning, Market fishing Fishing lambat
hanapbuhay, mga gardening, crab pot area, boat (spear,
pagkakataon (types Sari-sari store, building, kawil)
of livelihood animal raising net
opportunities) mending
Mga suliranin Lack of Conversion eroded eroded Illegal Illegal
(problems/issues) livelihood to fishpond, fishing fishing
opportunities, mangrove activities activities
lack of capital cutting
3. Livelihood

The main sources of income of the community are farming, fishing, overseas
contract worker, vending, and employment to government and private institutions.
Vending activities are usually done by women. They usually sell fish, vegetables, and
barbecue. Rice farming in the area is dependent on rain for water supply that enables one
cropping per year. Farmers who have water pump may harvest up to two (2) cropping for
a year. Farmers produce 80- 90 cabans of rice per hectare per cropping. Farming is
usually done by males and females. During dry season farmers shift from farming to
fishing to support their daily needs. Gleaning of balisara, lukan and talaba is done by the
residents and these shells are for sale and personal consumption. Baklad in river is
present in the area. A two-hectare fishpond that cultures vannamei is present in the area.
Fishing operation is usually done by males. There are fifty nine (59 ) part time but
registered fishers in the area. There are two (2) motorized and fifteen (15) non
motorized bancas in the area. The area of operation is within municipal waters.

The following are proposed alternative livelihood of the community members:

1. Gardening
2. Hog raising
3. Furniture making
4. Dressmaking
5. Motorized Banca
6. Rolling store
7. Handicraft
8. Baking

Skills available in the barangay are:

1. Candy making
2. Dressmaking
3. Welding/mason
4. Vulcanizing
 4. Fishing Activities

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Lambat Aligasin, Gagaong, Malakatas,
Talakitok, Pargo, Sapsap
(Pante)Palubog
Talakitok, Barakuda, Maya-Maya, Bisugo,
Bitilya, Pugao
Kawil
Maya-Maya, Pargo, Aligasin
Pana
Tapangan Alimango, Alimasag
(crab pots)
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init

Figure 3: Calendar Diagram

The calendar diagram above illustrates the seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is usually done from September to May.

The most common fishing gears used in the area are:

• Lambat palubog
• Kawil
• Pana
• Tapangan (crab pots)

The most common species caught in the area are:

• Alimango
• Maya-maya
• Pargo
• Aligasin
• Snapper
• Gagaong
• Talakitok
• Bagsang
• Malakatas
• Sapsap

Figure 4: Trend Diagram

 In 1970s fishers used to catch up to 10 kilograms of fish per person per day. Fish
catch decreased to an average of 6 kilograms per person per day in the 1980s and
continued to decline through 1990s because of the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. From 2000
up to the present, fish catch averages 1.5 kilograms per person per day. The decline of
fish catch from 1990s to date is because of dynamite and cyanide fishing and fishing with
the use of fine mesh nets.

D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (Pos) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
BFARMC

Parel Union for water Environmental 2001 formal conservation

Resources Social Action (PUWERSA)

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)

• Non Government Organization (NGOs)
• Local government of Botolan (LGU)
• Bureau of Animals

The Local Government of Botolan has dispersed chicken to the community. The
Bureau of Animals also conducted a pig dispersal in the community. The DA LGU
sponsored a medical mission. The community requested that the Local Government
would disperse carabao to be used by farmers.
E. Coastal Resource Management
Coastal clean-up and mangrove reforestation are activities existing in the
barangay about coastal resource management. Coastal clean-up and mangrove
reforestation was done in participation of NGOs, SK and Peoples Organization existing
in the area. Those who do not participate in CRM activities usually give monetary
contribution.

F. Law Enforcement
Barangay Parel has an existing Bantay Dagat. Some of the activities that cause
damage in the coastal area are dynamite and cyanide fishing, fishing with the use of fine
mesh nets and mangrove cutting. Electrofishing in rivers exist and it damages the
natural resources. Several solutions were suggested by the community to eradicate or
reduce such activities. Some of the suggested solutions are police visibility, provision of
patrol boat to Bantay Dagat and strict implementation of municipal ordinance.
II. Habitat Assessment
A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Manta tow survey was conducted in Brgy. Parel, Botolan, Zambales. Both tows
have observed 10% live coral cover. Rubble and rock were dominant in the two (2)
sampling tows (Table 1). Dead corals were also present in the survey area and this can be
an indication that dynamite and cyanide fishing activities are occurring in the area. Based
from the results, the condition of the coral reef in the two sampling tows was poor with
an overall average live coral cover of 10 % for both hard and soft corals (Table 2).

Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Brgy. Parel

Tow LHC SC DC DCA Rubble/ (Sand/ Total Notes,
(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Rock Silt) Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
1 15o 17’ 29" N 10 0 20 25 40 5 100
o
119 59’07 "E
2 15o 17’32" N 10 0 25 30 30 5 100
o
119 59’12 "E

Table 2. Average Percentage Cover of Live and Dead Corals in 2 sampling tow in Brgy.
Parel Using the Manta Tow Technique
% %
Tow LHC % SC Total Reef % DC
(Live (Sot Live
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) Coral Condition (Dead
Coral) Cover Coral)
1 15o 14’02" N 10 0 10 Poor 20
120o 00’16 "E
2 15o13’50 "N 10 0 10 Poor 25
120o00’30" E
Overall Average 10 0 10 Poor 22.5
 2. Snorkel Survey

The live coral cover for both hard and soft corals in Barangay Parel was computed
at 8.5%. The result shows that the reef area in Barangay Parel was in poor condition
(Table 3). The presence of rubbles and dead corals in the area could be attributed to the
effects of destructive fishing activities particularly the use of dynamite and cyanide
fishing. Macro algae represented by Sargassum Spp. were also noted in the area.

Table 3. Results of Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method.

Other Other
Transect Quadrat LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ Total Observations
(cause of
(Live (Dead coral
No. No. Hard (Sotf ) (Dead Coral (Algae (Sponges Rock) Silt) damage,other
invertebrates,
w/ water
Coral) Coral) Coral) Algae) Seagrass) Clams,etc) visibility, etc
1 1 10 0 20 25 5 0 35 5 100
2 5 0 10 30 5 0 40 10 100
3 10 0 0 45 4 0 30 11 100
4 5 0 15 25 0 0 40 15 100
5 15 0 10 20 2 0 35 18 100
Average
%
Cover 9 0 11 29 3.2 0 36 11.8 100

2 1 0 0 10 23 5 0 50 12 100
2 10 0 0 25 0 0 40 25 100
3 10 0 20 20 4 0 35 11 100
4 15 0 15 15 0 0 40 15 100
5 5 0 25 15 5 0 30 20 100
Average
%
Cover 8 0 14 19.6 2.8 0 39 16.6 100

Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ TOTAL
Rock) Silt)
Average
% Cover 8.5 0 12.5 24.3 3 0 37.5 14.2 100
 3. Line-Intercept Method

The two (2) transect sampling stations established revealed that the reef area in
barangay Parel was generally in poor condition with an average coral cover of 13.50%
for both hard and soft corals (Table 4). Dead corals were mostly covered by
assemblages of algae which indicate that the corals had been dead for a long time.
Rubbles which were recorded in both stations 1 and 2 made a significant percentage of
the total reef bottom cover (23.50%).

Table 4. Summary Results of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method

Benthic
lifeforms/coral
reef STATION 1 STATION 2
No. of No. of TOTAL AVERAGE
Component Sampling Estimated Sampling Estimated % %
Points Points
Found % Cover Found % Cover
Live hard coral 12 12% 15 15% 27.00% 13.50%
Live soft coral 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
white dead coral 15 15% 22 22% 37.00% 18.50%
Dead coral with
algae 13 13% 16 16% 29.00% 14.50%
Turt algae 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Fleshy microalgae 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Coralline algae 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
sponges 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
others animals 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Seagrass 0 0% 0 0% 0.00% 0.00%
Rubble 25 25% 22 22% 47.00% 23.50%
Rock 5 5% 10 10% 15.00% 7.50%
Sand/Silt 30 30% 15 15% 45.00% 22.50%
 B. Fish Visual Census

During the assessment, non-commercially important (or major group coral reef
indicators) species were not found in the area. Likewise, commercially important (target
group or major carnivores) species were also absent in the two sampling stations which
indicated the absence of coral reef in the area. Only two (2) species of fish were sighted
which belongs to the family of Tetraodontidae and Siganidae . These were considered as
major reef herbivores (Table 1).

Table 1. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Brgy. Parel,Botolan, Zambales

English Sampling
Family Name Scientific Name TOTAL AVE %
Name STN 1 STN 2

Canthigaster
Tetraodontidae janthinoptera Pufferfish 2 0 2 50.00

Siganus
Siganidae canaliculatus Rabbitfish 1 1 2 50.00

TOTAL 3 1 4 100

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Brgy. Parel.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

In Brgy. Parel, Zambales, a remote mangrove site on a river bank was identified
and assessed. Members of a People’s Organization (P.O.) guided the assessment team in
the area. During assessment, 4 transect lines were measured with a total of 7 quadrats
identified (700 sq. meters) representing the mangrove site. The total number of mangrove
species identified and measured was 175 trees, mostly dominated by Pagatpat species
(226). Height of the mangrove species was measured at 1 meter (at the lowest) and 11
 meters at the highest (non-Nipa) with computed average height of 3.59 meters. Crown
cover for each tree was computed as .7854 (average crown diameter)2, and the total
crown diameter for all species measured was 527.45 m2. Getting the percent cover of all
species, the total crown diameter (527.45 m2) was divided by 700 m2 (7 quadrats x 100
m2), resulting to computed percent crown cover of 75 %.

Data collected on the seedlings and saplings (regenerations) per square meter
showed that a total of 21 species were identified/listed on a total of 21 plots. It was
computed that the regeneration per square meter in the assessed mangrove site is 1
regenerations per square meter.

Based on the table on mangrove habitat assessment criteria, Mangrove of

Barangay Parel was found to be generally GOOD in condition based on the computed
parameters. The mangrove site assessed featured a short strip of mangrove along a river
bank near agricultural lands, slightly undisturbed due to its location in a private property.
Mud-crabs and few shell species were also found in its substrate. The site was also near
the beach front of the Barangay, and also site where planting initiatives conducted by
local P.O. emanate.

E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

There were no vegetation observed in Barangay Parel.

III. COMMUNITY VISIONS

The community would like to have an alternative livelihood to earn extra income
during lean months. They are hoping that their aim for alternative livelihoods listed
above would be materialized. They are asking for dispersal of carabao which will be
helpful in tilling the land.
 PARTICIPATORY COASTAL RESOURCE ASSESSMENT
BARANGAY PORAC BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES

I. DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA

A. Historical Sketch
The people of Barangay Porac are a mix of natives, Ilocanos and Zambals who
trace their origin to the inner barangays of Botolan (Carael, Paudpod, Oaog, Baquilan and
Malomboy), northern town of Zambales (Palauig), southern towns (San Antonio, San
Narciso, castillejos) and the adjacent Province of Bataan.

The community of Barangay Porac used to be located on the area of what is now
the Bucano River. In 1972, a flood that changed the course of the river forced the
residents to move up to higher grounds nearby. Some of the residents now occupy the
Sitio Bucao, some went to Barangay Porac, some moved to Barangay Binoclutan and the
rest went to other barangays, towns and even provinces. While Binoclutan used to be a
sitio of Porac, it has now grown into a separate barangay.

B. Biographical Characteristics
1. Location
Barangay Porac is one of the 31 barangays of the municipality of Botolan,
Zambales. It has a total land area of 84 sq. km. It is bounded by Barangay Binoclutan at
the South, South China Sea at the west, Barangay Carael at the north and Botolan
mountains at the East. It lies between the coordinates of 15⁰14’06” N and 120⁰01’05” E.

Barangay Porac has six (6) puroks, namely Damayan, Pag-asa, kaunalaran,
Tagumpay, Pagkakaisa at Masikap.
 Figure 1: Community Map of Barangay Porac

2. Climate and Soil Characteristics

Barangay Porac has two pronounced seasons, the dry season from January to May
and the wet season from July to August.

C. Socio Cultural-Economic Characteristics

1. Population and Household Size

Barangay Porac has a total population of two thousand nine hundred eighty
(2,980) as of 2008, of which 1,506 are male and 1,474 are female. The six to twelve (6-
12) years old age group is the biggest age group in the area, comprising 524 members or
17.58% of the total population. There are 770 families present in the area and all families
have their own houses. Average number of children in the family ranges from 4 to 5 and
average family size is 8-9. Ninety five percent (95%) of couples practice family planning
and the most common family planning method being adopted by couples are injectables,
pills, condom, ligation and natural method. Increase in population was attributed to
natural birth and migration from nearby barangays especially Carael because of
displacement due to flash flood.

Sixty percent (60%) of the community members are Catholics while the rest are
members of Iglesia ni Cristo, Born Again Christian groups, Hosanna International and the
Philippine Independent Church. When it comes to education, most parents are high
school graduates while some had vocational courses. Many of the children are currently
studying while others are college graduates. There is a relatively higher number of out of
school youth in Sitio Bucao compared to other sitios because of the presence of
Indigenous People (IPs).

With the exclusion of Sitio Bocao, approximately eighty (80%) percent of the
houses in Barangay Porac have roofs made of GI sheets and the remaining houses have
roofs made of cogon. Of these houses, ninety percent (90%) have walls made of concrete
and the rest have walls made of wood, sawali and nipa. Most of the houses have glass
windows and cemented floors, and all of these houses have toilets. The residents of
Barangay Porac excluded Sitio Bocao when they made these observations because Sitio
Bocao is predominantly inhabited by Indigenous People and almost all of their houses are
made of light materials and do not have toilets.

Potable water supply in Barangay Porac comes from jetmatic/artesian wells and
rivers and springs. A few residents buy purified drinking water for their daily
consumption.

2. Community Resources

a) Physical Infrastructure
Community infrastructures present in Barangay Porac are:

• Barangay Hall
 • Barangay Plaza
• School
- Elementary (2)
- High School
- RMTU
• Day Care Center (2)
• Church (11)
• Health Center
• Senior Citizen Hall
• Police Outpost
• Concrete Bridges (2)
• Auditorium (2)
• Waiting sheds (6)

b) Natural Resources
Brgy. Porac has coastal resources that include beach forest (the dominant species
is agoho), beach area, river, uphill/mountains, reef shoals and agricultural areas. These
habitats serve as a source of food and income for the villagers that have access to these
resources.

During the assessment, coral reef of Barangay Porac is in poor condition because
of destructive activities. In 2002, because of strict implementation of laws dynamite
fishing was prevented. Beaches, beach forest and uphill/mountains are in fair condition.
Rivers are in poor condition because of electrofishing practices. Agricultural areas is in
good condition regardless of the absence of irrigation for water system.

Issues and Problems concerning the area are;

1. Lack of livelihood opportunities in the area.
2. Waste disposal from boats
3. Sand erosion in beach area
Figure 2: Community Resources Map of Porac
 Table 1. Transect Walk Diagram

Habitat Lowland/ Beach Bakawan Aplaya Hunasan Damuhan Bahura Ilalim

Management Settlement Forest (mangrove) (beach) (tidal flat) (sea (reef/shoal) (deep water)
Parameter Area grass)
Mga likas na Mango, Agoho, absent sand absent Lapu lapu, Hasa-hasa,
kayamanan (natural kasoy, ipil, niyog, maya maya, espada,
resources) caimito, mahogany, isdang bato talakitok,
duhat, talisay, pating
vegetables bagras,
kakawate,
bani, auri,
camachile,
papaya
Mga uri ng Sari-sari store, Resort, Fishing Fishing
hanapbuhay, mga boat building, market (kawil,
pagkakataon (types vegetable area, net kitang)
of livelihood farming, mending,
oppurtunities) mango
spraying
Mga suliranin Lack of Sand erosion Illegal Waste
(problems/issues) livelihood erosion fishing disposal of
opportunities boats
 3. Livelihood
The main sources of income of the community are fishing, farming, seasonal
labor and employment in government and private institutions. In some portion of the
barangay, farmers are able to operate two cropping per year because of an available
irrigation system with its water source from Calaway Creek. Majority of the farm area,
however, are rainfed and farmers operate only one cropping per year for rice production.
For additional income aside from rice production, farmers also practice integrated or
multi-crop farming. During dry season, some farmers venture on fishing activities.
Fishers have an estimated income of P3,000.00 to P5,000.00 per month. Approximately
seventy percent (70%) of the community members are fishers, operating either full time
or part time, and there are approximately seventy (70) fishing boats in the area. There
are twenty (20) motorized and fifty (50) non motorized banca in the area and the area of
operation is within municipal waters. The following are trainings and livelihood projects
attended by the community members:

1. Pottery making
2. Dressmaking
3. Candle making
4. Lambaklad

4. Fishing Activities
The calendar diagram below illustrates seasonality of fishing catch. Fishing
operation is done all throughout the year.

The most common fishing gears used in the area are:

• Lambat palubog
• Lambat palutang
• Kawil
• Kitang
• Lambaklad
 The most common species caught in the area are:

• Maya maya
• Lapu-lapu
• Hasa-hasa
• Espada
• Talakitok
• Pating
• Barracuda
• Saranyasi
• Sapsap
• Salaysalay
• Alumahan

FISHING
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
GEAR/SPECIES
Lambat Barracuda, Saranyasi, Sapsap, Espada,
Salay-Salay, Alumihan
Palubog
Lambat Saranyasi, Batalay
Palutang
Hasa-Hasa, Espada,
Talakitok, Pating
Kawil
Maya-Maya, Lapu-Lapu
Kitang
Various Species caught
Lambaklad
WIND/
RAINFALL

Amihan

Habagat

Tag-Ulan

Tag-Init
Figure 3: Calendar Diagram
 In 1970s, fisher used to catch seventy (70) kilograms of fish per person per day.
Fishers look for schools of fish for easy and massive capture. In 1980s, fish catch
decreased to twenty (20) kilograms because of illegal fishing activities such as dynamite
and cyanide fishing. At present, fishers catch an average of 5 kilograms per person per
day.

Figure 4: Trend Diagram

 D. Institutional Aspects

1. Community Organizations
People’s Organization (POs) When Formal or Main Functions/area
Established informal of concern
Samahang Mangingisda ng Porac 2005 formal Livelihood
Botolan, Zambales (SAMPBOZ)

Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina Livelihood

Bocao Community Youth Org.

Kababaihan

2. External Supporting Organizations

The following are agencies that support the community:

• Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources

• NFRDI
• Department of Environment and Natural Resources
• Local Government of Botolan (LGU)
• Department of Social Welfare and Development
• World Vision
• Red Cross
• JICA
• NGO
• CENRO

The NFRDI granted a lambaklab as livelihood project for the members of

Samahang Mangingisda ng Porac Botolan, Zambales (SAMPBOZ). The community also
attended disaster training sponsored by the NGO (SIKAT) as preparation for any
calamity that will hit the area. The CENRO also awarded a “Handog Titulo” for the
community. Other agencies mentioned should strengthen their services and implement
the laws strictly especially for permits and other services.
 E. Coastal Resource Management
An artificial reef was established in the area but it is no longer visible due to the
siltation of lahar that came from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The community also
conducted coastal clean-up activity thru the initiative of Barangay Council, DENR and
PNP. The community members are fully aware of these activities because
announcements are being done during the barangay assembly. The Municipal Fishery
Ordinance of Botolan was approved recently.

F. Law Enforcement
Barangay Porac has an active Bantay Dagat. Improper waste disposal is the only
activity identified by the community as destructive. They perceive that if this activity
will continue it will cause fish kill in the area. One of the solutions for illegal practices is
the provision of patrol boat with equipments to pursue illegal doers.

II. Habitat Assessment

A. Coral Reef Habitat Assessment

1. Manta Tow Survey

Manta tow survey was conducted in Barangay Porac, Botolan, Zambales. The
first tow has observed 22 % live coral cover while in the second tow, it has recorded 26%
coral cover. Dead coral with algae was dominant in the two sampling tows (see Table 1).
Dead standing corals were also noted in the area with an average of 4.5 %.

In general, the condition of the coral reefs in the survey area in Barangay Porac
was poor with an overall average live coral cover of 24% of both hard and soft corals
(see table 2).
Table 1. Result of Manta Tow Survey Conducted in Barangay Porac, Botolan, Zambales
Tow LHC SC DC DCA (Rock/ Total Notes,
(Live (Sot (Dead
No. Coordinates Hard Coral) (Dead Coral Rubble) Observations
w/
Coral) Coral) Algae)
o
1 15 14’29" N 15 7 5 50 23 100
120o 00’27 "E
2 15o14’30 "N 20 6 4 60 10 100
119o00’28" E

Table 2. Average Percentage Cover of Live and Dead Corals in two (2) Sampling tow in
Brgy. Porac Using the Manta Tow Technique
Tow % LHC % SC % Total Reef % DC
(Sot
No. Coordinates (Live Hard Coral) Live Coral Condition (Dead
Coral) Cover Coral)
1 15o 14’29" N 15 7 22 Poor 5
120o 00’27 "E
2 15o14’30 "N 20 6 26 Fair 4
119o00’28" E
Overall Average 17.5 6.5 24 Poor 4.5
 2. Quadrat Method

The living coral cover at the two (2) transect sampling stations for both hard and
soft has an average percent cover of about 16%. The result showed that the reef area in
Barangay Porac was in poor condition (Table 3). Rubbles and dead corals that were
observed in the area could be attributed to the use of destructive fishing activities
particularly the use of dynamite and cyanide fishing. The most common macro-
invertebrates observed in the area during the survey was the long-spined sea urchin
(Diadema setosum) which tend to chip away the actual limestones structure of the reef.
Macroalgae represented by Padina spp. was also noted in the sampling area. Abiotic
like sand/silt covers 22.5 % of quadrat.

Table 3. Results of Snorkel Survey using Transect and Quadrat Method.

Other Other
Transect Quadrat LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ Total Observations
(Live (Dead (cause of coral
No. No. Hard (Sotf ) (Dead Coral (Algae (Sponges Rock) Silt) damage,other
invertebrates,
w/ water visibility,
Coral) Coral) Coral) Algae) Seagrass) Clams,etc) etc
1 1 7 5 8 50 5 0 20 5 100 Presence of
2 5 5 0 50 5 0 0 35 100 Long spine
3 10 3 0 45 7 0 15 20 100 Sea urchin
4 5 5 0 55 0 3 0 32 100 (Diadema
5 25 2 0 40 2 0 13 18 100 Setosum)
Average
% Cover 10.4 4 1.6 48 3.8 0.6 9.6 22 100

2 1 8 0 0 42 0 0 0 50 100 Presence of
2 25 0 0 50 0 0 10 15 100 Long spine
3 10 5 0 55 0 5 0 25 100 Sea urchin
4 20 10 0 60 0 0 0 10 100 (Diadema
5 5 5 0 60 0 0 15 15 100 Setosum)
Average
% Cover 13.6 4 0 53.4 0 1 5 23 100

Other
LHC SC DC DCA Plants Animals (Rubble/ (Sand/ TOTAL
Rock) Silt)
Average %
Cover 12 4 0.8 50.7 1.9 0.8 7.3 22.5 100
 3. Line-Intercept Method

The two (2) transect sampling stations established in Barangay Porac revealed a
poor condition of their coral reef having an average of 25 % of live coral cover for both
hard and soft corals (see Table 4). Soft corals were found at Stations 1 and 2 with an
average of 8.00 %. Dead corals observed were mostly covered by assemblages algae
which indicated that the corals had been dead for a long time. White dead coral were also
noted as well as Barrel sponges (Xestospongia). The Abiotic like sand/silt cover
accounted for 12.50%. Similarly, rubbles were recorded at stations 1 and 2.

Table 4. Summary Results of Line Intercept Technique using Transect Method

Benthic
lifeforms/coral reef STATION 1 STATION 2
No. of No. of TOTAL AVERAGE
Component Sampling Estimated Sampling Estimated % %
Points Points
Found % Cover Found % Cover
Live hard coral 15 15% 19 19% 34% 17.00%
Live soft coral 6 6% 10 10% 16% 8.00%
white dead coral 13 13% 7 7% 20% 10.00%
Dead coral with algae 38 38% 40 40% 78% 39.00%
Turt algae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Fleshy microalgae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Coralline algae 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
sponges 3 3% 4 4% 7% 3.50%
others animals 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Seagrass 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Rubble 10 10% 10 10% 20% 10.00%
Rock 0 0% 0 0% 0% 0.00%
Sand/Silt 15 15% 10 10% 25% 12.50%

B. Fish Visual Census

A total of 146 fish individuals were recorded belonging to the Family of
Acanthuridae (33.11%), and 24 fish individuals from the Family of Scaridae (5.44%)
which were considered as major reef herbivores.
 Indicator of hard coral species from the Family of Chaetodontidae have 16
individuals which is 3.63 %, 83 individuals from the Family of Pomacentridae (18.82%)
and these are the species of Damsel fish and Sergeant fish, 26 individuals from the
Family of Labridae (5.89 %), and 9 individuals were recorded belonging to the Family of
Nemipteridae (2.04%) and Zanclidae which comprised 1.81 %.

For major reef carnivores which belong to Family Serranidae, 12 individuals

(2.73%) were identified and recorded. Other Family had 117 individuals and these are the
species of Apogon freanatus (26.53%).

In terms of fish abundance, Family Acanthuridae and Apogonidae were most

dominant species found and recorded in stations 1 and 2. It was followed by Family
Pomacentridae and Scaridae (Table 2) .

Table 3. Summary of Results of Fish Species Identified, Counted and Estimated from two
Sampling Stations Conducted in Barangay Porac, Botolan, Zambales

Sampling Stations Average

Family Name Scientific Name English name
Station 1 Station 2 TOTAL %

[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish 82 64 146 33.11

Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish 10 6 16 3.63
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish 28 19 47 10.66
Abuldefduf
Pomacentridae sexfaciatus Sergeant fish 29 43 36 8.16
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse 12 14 26 5.89
Bumphead
[Scaridae] parrotfish Parrotfish 21 3 24 5.44
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams 3 6 9 2.04
Epinephelus
<Serranidae> fasciatus Grouper 6 6 12 2.73
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Mooris idol 1 7 8 1.81
Other
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish 54 63 117 26.53
TOTAL 246 231 441 100.00

Legend:
<fishes> - major reef carnivores
[fishes] - major reef herbivores
Fishes - fishes which are indicators of hard corals
 Table 2. Fish Abundance Graph from Two (2) Sampling Stations

Sampling Stations
Family Nmae Scientific Name English Name Station 1 Station 2
[Acanthuridae] Acanthurus sp Surgeon fish
Chaetodontidae Chaetodon auriga Butterfly fish
Pomacentridae Chromis caudalis Damsel fish
Abuldefduf
Pomacentridae sexfaciatus Sergeant fish
Labridae coris batuensis wrasse
Bumphead
[Scaridae] parrotfish Parrotfish
Nemipteridae Scolopsis bilineatus Coral breams
Epinephelus
<Serranidae> fasciatus Grouper
Zanclidae Zanclus cornutus Mooris idol
Other
Apogonidae Apogon freanatus Cardinal fish

Legend (fish observed per 25 m survey area)

1-5 fish 126-625 fish

6-25 fish More than 625 fish

26-125 fish

C. Seagrass Bed Habitat Assessment

There were no seagrass observed in Brgy. Porac.

D. Mangrove Habitat Assessment

There were no mangroves observed in Brgy. Porac.
 E. Beach Forest Habitat Assessment

A total of 60 plots were established, totaling to 600 meters of baseline transect. There
were 12 species enumerated resulted to 567 individuals/trees. The most common species was
Agoho with 325 individuals and accounted for 57.32% of all the trees found within the plots.
It was also the most frequent species encountered which appeared in 44 plots (73.33%) of the
60 plots. Coconut followed with 126 individuals and appeared in 14 plots (23.33%). Results
also showed that there were six species with three or less individuals enumerated within the
plots. Computed Importance Value (IV) per species showed that Agoho ranked the highest
with 101.3 I.V. and several species with same ranking in terms of I.V. The computed
Biodiversity Index for beach forest site assessed was 1.28.
 BEACH FOREST ASSESSMENT DATA SUMMARY FORM
Site Name: BRGY. PORAC Municipality and Province: BOTOLAN, ZAMBALES
Month and Year: NOVEMBER 2009 Estimated area of Beach Forest: ± 6 HECTARES
No. of Plots: 60
Total Transect Length: 600m
Total Rel. Rel. Importance Biodiversity
Species Occurrence Freq. Density Rank Pi ln(Pi) Pi ln(Pi)
Count Freq. Density Value Index
Agoho 325 44 73.33 0.54167 44.00 57.32 101.3 1 0.5732 -0.5565 -0.3190
Niyog 126 14 23.33 0.21000 14.00 22.22 36.2 2 0.2222 -1.5041 -0.3342
Mahogany 60 8 13.33 0.10000 8.00 10.58 18.6 3 0.1058 -2.2460 -0.2377
Talisay 25 13 21.67 0.04167 13.00 4.41 17.4 4 0.0441 -3.1215 -0.1376
Bagras 14 6 10.00 0.02333 6.00 2.47 8.5 5 0.0247 -3.7013 -0.0914
Kakawate 6 4 6.67 0.01000 4.00 1.06 5.1 6 0.0106 -4.5486 -0.0481
Bani 3 3 5.00 0.00500 3.00 0.53 3.5 7 0.0053 -5.2417 -0.0277 1.28
Auri 2 2 3.33 0.00333 2.00 0.35 2.4 8 0.0035 -5.6472 -0.0199
Kamatchile 2 2 3.33 0.00333 2.00 0.35 2.4 8 0.0035 -5.6472 -0.0199
Papaya 2 2 3.33 0.00333 2.00 0.35 2.4 8 0.0035 -5.6472 -0.0199
Kasoy 1 1 1.67 0.00167 1.00 0.18 1.2 9 0.0018 -6.3404 -0.0112
Saging 1 1 1.67 0.00167 1.00 0.18 1.2 9 0.0018 -6.3404 -0.0112
TOTAL 567 166.67 0.94500 100 100 -50.5421 -1.2779
III. COMMUNITY VISIONS
The community would like to have an alternative livelihood to earn extra income
during lean months. The following are suggested alternative livelihood in the area:
vending, candle making, furniture making and bilao making. At present there are several
skills present in the area: pottery making, candle making and hollow blocks making.
Lack of start-up capital is the hindrance in materializing the livelihood that they like.
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Capayawan Botolan, Zambales
December 03, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Ruben Dollosa
rommel Correa
Ricardo Dacas
Luzviminda P.
Dagsaan
Jocelyn Deliquiña
Roman Deliquiña
M. Apillado
Norman Dagsaan
Medelino Baluyot
Aries D. Pagar
Jay Ar Pagar
Reylan Dacis
Francisco Dollosa
Icelen R. Aberjen
Joselyn Baluyot
Linda A. Pagar
Roque F. Dela Cruz
Gloria Molino
Jessie B. Quiman
Ruth Ann Arca
Alberto Dullas
Augusto Deliquiña
Joseph Gonzales
Ernesto Nidoy
Nestor Pagusa
Rolly Dollosa
Annadine Encinares
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Beneg Botolan, Zambales
December 03, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Reynaldo C. Suva
Rosario Daylo
Norman
Lolita Dizon
Annadine Encinares
Felicito Dullas
Wilson Devesfruto
Jaime Dullas
Danilo Dullas
Oliver Dacay
Antonio
Felicito Dullas
Francesca B. Inot
Juny Minador
Augusto Dimaguibo
Gene Devesfruto
Edwin Roseos
Lyn D. Agra
maritess D. dullas
Guillermo Garcia
Mabilyn Tapado
Victoria C. Moraldos
Carlos Encarnacion
stephen Lopez
Margarita Deliqueña
Pol Steve Dineit
Garen Geoff Dullas
Victor Tolentino
Freddie C. fronda
Ronnie Tapado
Joseph Asuncion
Nehemias Devesfruto
Daryl Dullas
Rolda Abajon
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Binoclutan Botolan, Zambales
December 02, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Erlinda C. Mendoza
Bernardo Castrence
Nestor Allejes
Annadine Encinares
Alex F. Ferrer
Jessie Agagas
Jaime Ferrer
Dionisia Q. Dabalmet
Reynaldo Reoligio
Margie Q. Malicat
Aristeo L. Ramirez
Jose A. Blanco
Bernard A. Bumanlag
Ruel A. Bumanlag
Leo Agagas
Leonardo Valenzuela
Melchor Parangas
Jerry Agagas
Edlyn Ramirez
Ronald Dedicatoria
Amelita Castrence
Francisco Diñosa
Ralph A. Peralta
Jessielyn B. Agagas
Chester Alan B. Gill
John F. Nalicat
Reynaldo Reoligio
Leonard Morata
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Panan Botolan, Zambales
December 02, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Joven Escosio
Estela D. Echiverra
Mildred T. Villanueva
Alma F. Villanueva
Randy C. Curunoy
Alejandro C. Magbanua
Vivian Q. Domacena
Araceli T. Celarbo
Elorde D. Reyes
Romeo Canonizado
Wilfredo Mioten
Pedro Ralutin
Erlinda Mendoza
Gil Echiverre
Carlito Fallorin
Geronimo Escosua
Marcelina Baluyot
Aura Amigable
Roselyn Feria
Juju E. Abdon
Annadine Encinares
Luz A. Dolueras
Jose Fernandez
Armando Viloria
Lani Deril
Lira Fallorin
Pedro Tucio
Gerry Baluyot
Armando Donito
Teodolfo Dedicatoria
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Parel Botolan, Zambales
November 26, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Rodolfo C. abangan
Mylene Mangilig
Guillerma B. Agustin
Lolita Dizon
Quirino Baterna
Annadine Encinares
Mercy Tan
Rogie Merin
Jerry Dineros
Norberto Cabrera
Liezel Arquillo
Lucia Mangohig
Esmeraldo De Jesa
Genaro Gamban
Ruby rose Llamas
Leonila Doctor
Dolores Gamboa
Romeo De Villas
Julius Reyes
oscar Dejesa
Armando Dejesa
Pablo Patina
Angela Daliposa
Rolando R. Montero
Harlyn P. Recabar
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Danacbunga Botolan, Zambales
November 25, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Julius Cesar Dejesa

Marites D. Dejesa
Yhani Devera
Cesar De Padua
Efren Dela Marca
mars D. Dial
Diomedes G. dullas
Rolando T. Dimabasa
Efren Belamarca Jr.
Elmer Dullon
Edna D. Abangan
Lolita D. Dizon
Annadine D. Encinares
Quirino T. Baterna
Lucita D. Dial
Elma A. Dial
Rosario Devera
Mercy Tan
Rogie Merin
Jerry Dineros
Julian Martinez
George Dizon
Sherwin Tan
Harlyn Recabar
Tina Lintag
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Bangan Botolan, Zambales
November 25, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Paulino Barrientos Jay Arr Corpuz

Bederico Billoza Jr. Sonia Lumibao
Jessie Corpuz Warlie Quiocho
Letecia C. Quidez Editha Quiocho
Evelyn D. Arguilla Froilan F. Castaneda
Rian Bandida Rizaldy m. Verona
Romeo Abayan Edison Verona
Joaquin Napili Edwin Verona
Leonardo Baybayon Joel Billena
liza G. Mora Russell John Moreno
Susana E. Allejos Agripina
Adelina Y. Correa Zaldy Masangkay
Josefina Abayan Edante Castaneda
Janeth Moreno eddie Quidez
Mamilyn Moreno Jockey Quidez
vivian majorano Juan Billena Jr.
Ethelyn Pitao Gemma Castañeda
Corazon Cadiente Jose Verona
Edelyn Billeza Helen Quidez
Merlyn Barrientos Roger Roger Mayorca
arlene Quidez Teresita d. Corpuz
Rosemarie Marangkay amelie Capellan Verona
Fe Bideco Placida Ancheta
Rey Billeza Amelita Pader
James Billena Ernesto Verona
Mario Moreno Rolando Verona
Daisy E. Lumibao Meriam Pulido
Randy S. Quidez Maria Baybayon
Jennifer Verona mannie Verona
Evelyn P. Celiz Jennifer Abrida
Actual Participatory Coastal Resource Assessment
Porac Botolan, Zambales
November 25, 2009

ATTENDANCE

Annadine Encinares
Loura Oden
Noel a. Cordero
Purita Sapigao
Adelina S. Amata
Marilyn F. Dial
Gerry Salanga
Lolita Anaud
Mirriam Y. De Leon
Merlita D. Montero
Lorena Cabigao
Mario A. Fulgar
Nelia Q. Angeles
Rufino D. Enriquez
Delia A. Asuncion
Rommel A. Dagsaan
Enrique de Leon
Alex Perlas
Ronald Cordero
YunovieArguilla
Rodelio Pades
Herminia Baluyot
Arnulfo Anettete
Benito Rivas
 PICTORIALS
Socio-Economic Survey in Botolan, Zambales

1. Barangay Porac
2. Barangay Bangan
3. Barangay Danacbunga
4. Barangay Panan
5. Barangay Beneg
6. Barangay Capayawan
7. Barangay Binoclutan
 PICTORIALS
Habitat Assessment in Botolan, Zambales

1. Barangay Porac
2. Barangay Bangan
3. Barangay Danacbunga
4. Barangay Binoclutan
5. Barangay Parel
6. Barangay Beneg
7. Barangay Panan
8. Barangay Capayawan