Hello, World!
Basics Intermediate Advanced
1/8
Code examples
The main function
Hello World!
fun main() {
val name = "World"
println("Hello, $name!")
}
Looping over a range of numbers. Using
the when expression for matching conditions
for (n in 1≤..≤100) {
when {
n % (3 * 5) == 0 -> println("FizzBuzz")
n % 3 == 0 -> println("Fizz")
n % 5 == 0 -> println("Buzz")
else -> println(n)
}
}
Smart casts
Variable x is automatically cast to String
fun demo(x: Any) {
if (x is String) {
println(x.length)
}
}
Null safety Basics Intermediate Advanced
2/8
Code examples
Nullable types annotated with ‘?’ can be assigned to null value
var abc: String = "abc"
abc = null // cannot assign null
val str: String? = null // ok
You have to check the value of nullable type before accessing its properties
println(str.length) // compilation error
if (str != null) {
println(str.length)
}
// function can return null
fun findUser(): User? {...}
val user = findUser()
val city = user?.address?.city ?: IllegalArgumentException("City is missing")
Safe cast with as? operator returns null on class cast failure
fun printAnyUserName(o: Any) {
�� prints null on cast failure
println((o as? User)��name)
�� throws exception on cast failure
println((o as User).name)
}
Functions & Lambdas Basics Intermediate Advanced
3/8
Code examples
Lambdas and functions
fun calculate(x: Int, y: Int, operation: (Int, Int) -> Int): Int {
return operation(x, y)
}
fun main() {
fun add(x: Int, y: Int) = x + y
val sum = calculate(x:4, y:5, operation = ��add)
val mul = calculate(x:4, y:5,) { a, b -> a * b }
println("sum=$sum, mul=$mul")
}
Object-oriented programming. Part 1 Basics Intermediate Advanced
4/8
Code examples
Implementing interfaces
interface Shape {
fun draw()
fun area(): Double
}
class Circle(diameter: Double) : Shape {
val radius = diameter / 2
override fun area(): Double = Math.PI * radius * radius
override fun draw() {
���
}
}
The extension function randomly changes
caracters to lowercase and uppercase
// "Hello, World!".sarcastic() -> HeLlO, wOrld!
fun String.sarcastic() = asIterable().joinToString(separator:"") { it: Char
if (Random.nextBoolean()) it.uppercase() else it.lowercase()
}
Object-oriented programming. Part 2 Basics Intermediate Advanced
5/8
Code examples
The main purpose for data classes is to hold data
data class User(val name: String, val age: Int)
val jack = User(name:"Jack", age:24)
val jill = jack.copy(name = "Jill")
val mapOfUsers = mapOf(
1 to jack,
2 to jill
)
val (name, age) = jack
println("$name is $age")
Delegated properties. Using the observable
delegate to react on property value change
class User {
var name: String by Delegates.observable(initialValue:"N/A") {
property, old, new -> println("$old -> $new")
}
}
val user = User()
user.name = "Joe" // N/A -> Joe
user.name = "John" // Joe -> John
Standard library Basics Intermediate Advanced
6/8
Code examples
The collections library provides a number of useful functions
data class User(val name: String, val age: Int)
val users = listOf(
User(name:"Jack", age:21),
User(name:"Jill", age:22),
User(name:"Jane", age:27),
User(name:"Anton", age:41),
User(name:"Leo", age:25),
)
for (user in users) {
println(user)
}
users.filter { it.name.startsWith(prefix"J") }
users.map { it.name }
users.sortedBy { it.name.last() }
users.sortedByDescending { it.age }
users.maxBy { it.age }
users.groupBy { it.name.first() }
Use ‘apply’ function for grouping object initialization
val dataSource = BasicDataSource().apply { this: BasicDataSource
driverClassName = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
url = "jdbc:mysql://domain:3306/db"
username = "username"
password = "password"
}
Coroutines Basics Intermediate Advanced
7/8
Code examples
Launching a coroutine in the main thread
fun main() = runBlocking { this: CoroutineScope
launch(Dispatchers.Main) { this: CoroutineScope
doWorld()
}
println("Hello")
}
suspend fun doWorld(): String {
delay(1000L)
return "World!"
}
Flow is for asynchronous processing of value streams
fun simple(): Flow<Int> = flow { this: FlowCollector<Int>
for (i in 1≤..≤10) {
delay(100) // pretend we are doing something useful here
emit(i) // emit next value
}
throw Exception("Catch me!")
}
fun main() = runBlocking { this: CoroutineScope
simple()
.catch { e -> println("Caught an exception!") }
.transform { number ->
if (number % 2 == 0) emit(value: number * number)
else emit(number)
}
.collect { value -> println(value) }
}
Miscellaneous topics Basics Intermediate Advanced
8/8
Code examples
public class JavaClass {
String id;
String desc;
public JavaClass(String id, String desc) {���}
public String getId() { return id; }
public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; }
public String getDesc() { return desc; }
public void setDesc(String desc) { this.desc = desc; }
public void someMethod() throws IOException {���}
}
Calling Java from Kotlin is smooth
and easy with a rules to follow
val jc = JavaClass(id:"1", desc:"")
// property access syntax
jc.desc = "This is Java class"
println(jc.desc)
��no checked exceptions in Kotlin
jc.someMethod()
