SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
FORMULAS
𝐱 𝐧+𝟏
(i) 𝐱 𝐧 𝐝𝐱 = + 𝐜, 𝐧 ≠ −𝟏
𝐧+𝟏
𝟏
(ii) 𝐱𝐝 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐱 + 𝐜, 𝐰𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞 𝐱 ≠ 𝟎
𝐱
(iii) 𝐱𝐞 = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐞 + 𝐜
𝐚𝐱
(iv) 𝐚𝐱 𝐝𝐱 = +𝐜
𝐥𝐨𝐠 𝐞 𝐚
(v) = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝐧𝐢𝐬 −𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐱 + 𝐜
(vi) 𝐱𝐧𝐢𝐬 = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐬𝐨𝐜+ 𝐜
(vii) = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 𝐜𝐞𝐬 tanx + c
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
FORMULAS
(viii) = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝟐 𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐜 −𝐜𝐨𝐭𝐱 + 𝐜
(ix) 𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐬 = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐝 𝐧𝐚𝐭 𝐱𝐜𝐞𝐬 + 𝐜
(x) = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱𝐭𝐨𝐜 𝐱 𝐜𝐞𝐬𝐨𝐜 −𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝐱 + 𝐜
𝟏 −𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐨𝐫 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜
(xi) 𝟐
𝐝𝐱 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟏−𝐱
𝟏
(xii) 𝟐𝐱 +𝟏 𝐝𝐱 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧−𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐨𝐫 − 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜
𝟏
(xiii) 𝐝𝐱 = 𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜 𝐨𝐫 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜 −𝟏 𝐱 + 𝐜
𝐱 𝐱 𝟐 −𝟏
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
BASIC PROPERTIES OF INDEFINITE INTEGRATION
I. 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝐟 𝐤 = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝐟𝐤 , where k is constant.
II. 𝐱 𝟏𝐟 ± 𝐟𝟐 𝐱 … ± 𝐟𝐧 (𝐱) dx = 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝟏𝐟 ± 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝟐𝐟 ± ⋯ ± 𝐱𝐝 𝐱 𝐧𝐟
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
2tanθ
1. sin2θ = 2sinθcosθ =
1+tan2 θ
𝛉
𝛉 𝛉 𝟐𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧𝛉 = 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐜𝐨𝐬 = 𝛉
𝟐 𝟐 𝟏+𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐
𝟐
1−tan2 θ
2. cos2θ = cos 2 θ − sin2 θ =1 − 2sin2 θ = 2cos 2 θ −1=
1+tan2 θ
3. 1 + cos2θ = 2cos 2 θ, 1 − cos2θ = 2sin2 θ
𝟐 𝛉 𝟐 𝛉
𝟏 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 = 𝟐𝐜𝐨𝐬 , 𝟏 − 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 = 𝟐𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝟐 𝟐
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
4. 𝐬𝐢𝐧
𝛉
=
𝟏−𝐜𝐨𝐬𝛉 6. sin3θ = 3sinθ − 4sin3 θ
𝟐 𝟐
3tanθ−tan3 θ
7. tan3θ =
1−3tan2 θ
θ 1 + cosθ
cos = 8. sin A + B = sinA cosB + sinB cosA
2 2
9. sin A − B = sinA cosB − sinB cosA
θ 1−cosθ 10. cos A + B = cosA cosB − sinA sinB
tan =
2 1+cosθ
11. cos A − B = cosAcosB + sinAsinB
5. cos3θ = 4cos 3 θ − 3cosθ
6. sin3θ = 3sinθ − 4sin3 θ
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMULAS
C+D C−D tanA+tanB
12. sinC + sinD = 2sin cos 16. tan A + B =
2 2 1−tanAtanB
C−D C+D tanA−tanB
13. sinC − sinD = 2sin cos 17. tan A − B =
2 2 1+tanAtanB
C+D C−D cotB cot A−1
14. cosC + cosD = 2cos cos 18. cot (A+ B) =
2 2 cot B+cot A
cotB cot A+1
C+D C−D 19. cot (A- B) =
15. cosC − cosD = 2sin sin cot B−cot A
2 2
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME STANDARD TRIGONOMETRIC SUBSTITUTIONS
EXPRESSION SUBSTITUTION
a2 + x 2 x = a tanθ or a cotθ
a2 − x 2 x = a sinθ or a cosθ
x 2 − a2 x = a secθ or a cosecθ
x = a cos 2 θ + βsin2 θ
x−α
or x − α (x − β)
β−x
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 1 −1 x
1. x2 +a2 dx =
a
tan
a
+C
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 1 x−a
2. x2 −a2 dx =
2a
log
x+a
+C
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 1 a+x
3. a2 −x2 dx =
2a
log
a−x
+C
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 −1 x
4. dx = sin +C
a2 −x2 a
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 2 + x2 + C
5. dx = log x + a
a2 +x2
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SOME SPECIAL INTEGRALS
1 2 − a2 + C
6. dx = log x + x
x2 −a2
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SPECIAL INTEGRAL:
x a 2 x
1. a2 − x 2 dx = a2 − 2 2
x + sin + c
2 2 2
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SPECIAL INTEGRAL:
x a 2
2. x 2 + a2 dx = x 2 + a2 + log x + x 2 + a2 + C
2 2
SHIVANG MATHS ACADEMY CLASS: 12TH – CBSE CHAPTER-7 INTEGRATION
SPECIAL INTEGRAL:
𝑥 𝑎 2
3. 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑎2 + 𝐶
2 2
