1. If 22 g of benzene is dissolved in 122 g of carbon tetrachloride, determine the mass
percentage of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and benzene (C6H6). 2. If benzene in a solution contains 30% by mass in carbon tetrachloride, calculate the mole fraction of benzene.
3. Determine the molarity of each of the solutions given below:
(a) 30 g of Co(NO)3. 6H2O in 4.3 L of solution.
(b) 30 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4 diluted to 500 mL.
4. To make 2.5 kg of 0.25 molar aqueous solution, determine the mass of urea (NH2CONH2) that is required. 5. If 1.202 g𝑚𝐿−1 is the density of 20% aqueous KI, determine the following: (a) Molality of KI (b) Molarity of KI (c) Mole fraction of KI 6. Calculate Henry’s law constant when the solubility of H2S (a toxic gas with a rotten egg-like smell) in water at STP is 0.195 m. 7. A solution is obtained by mixing 300 g of 25% solution and 400 g of 40% solution by mass. Calculate the mass percentage of the resulting solution. 8. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 and 700 mm Hg, respectively, at 350 K. Find out the composition of the liquid mixture if the total vapour pressure is 600 mm Hg. Also, find the composition of the vapour phase. 9. Find the vapour pressure of water and its relative lowering in the solution which is 50 g of urea (NH2CONH2) dissolved in 850 g of water (Vapour pressure of pure water at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg). 10. How much of sucrose is to be added to 500 g of water such that it boils at 100°C if the molar elevation constant for water is 0.52 K kg mol-1 and the boiling point of water at 750 mm Hg is 99.63°C? 11. To lower the melting point of 75 g of acetic acid by 1.50C, how much mass of ascorbic acid is needed to be dissolved in the solution where Kt = 3.9 K kg 𝑚𝑜𝑙−1? 12. If a solution is prepared by dissolving 1.0 g of polymer of molar mass 185,000 in 450 mL of water at 37°C, calculate the osmotic pressure in Pascal exerted by it. 13. The partial pressure of ethane over a solution containing 6.56 × 10–3 g of ethane is 1 bar. If the solution contains 5.00 × 10–2 g of ethane, then what shall be the partial pressure of the gas? 14. An aqueous solution of 2% non-volatile solute exerts a pressure of 1.004 bar at the normal boiling point of the solvent. What is the molar mass of the solute? 15. Heptane and octane form an ideal solution. At 373 K, the vapour pressures of the two liquid components are 105.2 kPa and 46.8 kPa, respectively. What will be the vapour pressure of a mixture of 26.0 g of heptane and 35 g of octane? 16. Calculate the mass of a non-volatile solute (molar mass 40 g mol–1) which should be dissolved in 114 g octane to reduce its vapour pressure to 80%. ANSWERS 1. 84.72% 2. 0.458 3. (a) 0.023 M (b) 0.03 M 4. 37 g 5. (a) 1.51 m (b) 1.45 M (c) 0.0263 6. 282 bar 7. 66.43% 8. 0.70 9. 23.4 mm of Hg AND 0.0173. 10. 121.67 g. 11. 5.08 g 12. 31 Pa 13. 0.764 bar 14. 41.35 g𝑚𝑜𝑙−1 15. 12.08 kPa. 16. 8 g.
Practice: 2
For each of the following questions, four choices have been provided. Select the correct alternative.
1. What is the (𝑂H) in the final solution prepared by mixing 20 ml of 0.05 M HCl with 30 ml of 0.10 M Ba(OH)2? (a) 0.10 M (b) 0.04 M (c) 0.005 M (d) 0.12 M
2. 25.3 g of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 is dissolved in enough water to make 250 mL of solution. If sodium carbonate dissociates completely, molar concentration of sodium ion, Na+ and carbonate ions, CO2− 3 are respectively (Molar mass of Na2CO3 = 106 g mol-1)
(a) 0.477 M and 0.477 M (b) 0.955 M and 1.910 M
(c) 1.910 M and 0.955 M (d) 1.90 M and 1.910 M
3. An aqueous solution is 1.00 molal in KI. Which change will cause the vapour pressure of the solution of increase?
(a) Addition of water (b) Addition of NaCl
(c) Addition of Na2SO4 (d) Addition of 100 molar KI
4. A solution of sucrose (molar mass = 342 g mol-1) has been prepared by dissolving 68.5 g of sucrose in 1000 g of water. The freezing point of the solution obtained will be (K 𝑓 for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
(a) -0.570 C (b) - 0.372 C (c) – 0.520 C (d) + 0.372 C
5. Of the following 0.1 m aqueous solutions which one will exhibit the largest freezing point depression:
(a) KCl (b) C6H12O6 (c) Al2(SO4)3 (d) K2SO4
6. The boiling point of 6.2 mol kg-1 solution of X in water is greater than equimolal at solution of Y in water. Which of the following statements is true in this case?
(a) X is under going dissociation in water.
(b) Molecular mass of X is greater than the molecular mass of Y.
(c) Molecular mass of X is less than that of Y.
(d) Y is undergoing dissociation in water while X undergoes no change.
7. Which one of the following electrolyte has the same value of the Van’t Hoff factor (i) as that of Al2 (SO4)3 (If all are 100% ionised)?
10. The Van’t Hoff factor (i) for a dilute aqueous solution of the strong electrolyte barium hydroxide is:
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
11. If molality of the dilute solutions is doubled, the value H of molal depression constant (K𝑓) will be: (a) halved (b) tripled (c) unchanged (d) doubled
12. Which of the following is dependent on temperature?
