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Bingle uber System | for a Variety of PurcpoSed Such’ aS budines® account y medical , neloxe » acceding tohernet reource, Prec : mail) web Zearch ; OWE pens. ete: > ane also known! a8! desktop Computed.» The 2 wf those ae Sram $500 se mr At the low end of tho pulcrencomputiore» Sealine Configures on | Loeludes 3a [eubit reiono-prtesfor y 34 40 A56MB of se ial Rgh densi a disk, 0 herd afisk Storage cons 10 gigaeytes 2 CO-ReM and 0 Zip ie Ex 4 Tem [Arhva Qurled)) , Yewshett -potkerad povillon Gordad, Apple Macintosh + ud Word et ara ued) in high performance, Surh 08 Geierke agtlcahion , CAD CBrputer, “aided design) | ariel alded manufactweng) ote, Thay toca} eS System ove| Sho : oe Used Fak ain ruran on| Shnoat meneny In ea one. 4esiyned tn RISC Prated8orl he aha lat a " ai ) recarBors 03 high Compu: v 08 a ee ee uieiesEx-y DS Such of UNIX ogla(tem . and Solo { Sun ee ) 1 Wiedow 45 Mac 08 LA Siogle,-Boord Micxocempubens & > Thade. tacluskd abit on Telit mensprateltor fram 5b byte to 8 byte of rmesnorey 3 Hea Keron con Gente eqns 4 LED apg -y The Prote pf tured compubar. Freom broo to t200 : Qc INTEL SOK 851 SDKIE ond EMAC Promo: 3 Tse. One. yged to wauhe spout cbhortely Longuage prague ovo| to peter * Focing cecuporsiments wy Singe Chip Micereonsitt 4 Te oe debi on a bingle chip cabich toelues quiero -prncedhor 1256 bytes of Aw rar Frame fs ak biter Rom oad ovorcal tao’ connectas| tlos- qhige oxo algo Known 0% rwerocontpller « [tig ule th Pore? aprlicodton Such ab feabhic Vights - = Ex Aube 7@, INTELMS 54 gerd. Motta. 68HC1L . Eyolutéon of Mest? 3 The Hest weno pnocaibore INTEL YOOH a Ubit pms Mord -Preocekfore oak Introduced in dhe, Year ALL by ANTEL Coreporatcon Use phyer hig tk wos canhasted to INTEL HDHD: Gy 8 user jes for6, »inBtewmentation 5 Some 4 a caleuletor’ , videng pit mnleropracedfore one Ryckwell Snkesenttona! Pps-4 Toubbo!s T3u7a stra uves| dhe Fieth 8 ott ; ashore Ante! 8008 subich algo uted pene technaligy ee a Clow ond wt ompatcble wih TTL we fn 143 Gretel “leaneel more Powertal ” al Maree a bit nimag technology os = y preocestos aNi aud Compatible uth ven ; o Be NMog provided higher AenBty a8 compare dhe onl apd thras. power Supply. 3 Gn 1995 InTeL Aewleped on improve) Sb Noo Pap QNTEL 8085 Wuhidv tS ued only +5v Supply It 1 used iy Lodoonatoray fore Bhufent Anaaning « +) 8 il masriprotessar. manwfachuea one zikegs X80 ore| 7866 Niklonal Semi~Conductorts nis 800 , Motorola's MC6800 and Mo Mos technology 6500 Senied 1 Rockwell tnbexnational's PPS-3 ~) The memory addeessing Capacity OF 8 bit mecnopreacaSSord | bane Doran KG ty AMHz to OMHz + & tH u8e8 LST ochnologyy and contain Goon +o 10,000+rangistores . Qn the Yeor 78, INTET tntreaduceal a 16 bit micro precosfon, INTEL 086 + And otferc lo bit Microprocessor ano. Intel 80 Qabol Roses Intel Soixg sInhel S096 » Lilogs X00, Motonkis 6800,,68010 , 68012 » FairehilelS 4uyo , Nationa! Somf ConductorsBpace INS8400, Twnad inghurments’’TMsaqo0 > The \6 bil ndcraprecessor. hare mone Powerful Uhuuction gol 9 | use VLST technolo y : ~} Thay Co dinsctly lees mommy do dha rasa of AMB+4y lems 49n dhe. Of 195 Gakel tobeoduced 39 hi nde eo ae which to yaa duskeo neal 4 Dihere Zarbit rilcroprocedons one 4b 1 Pentiuen ,Penkium pro Pentium MMX , RenhumIr ; Rerkum IT Xeon : Calrcon , pentium IPE Perfiurn 4: Bi Fn che fee of 1995 Inte! toinscluced GY bY microprscodtee Examples ane’, Sun's SPARC and ULTRASPARC Intel HPl P HPS 8200 anf 8500 nicl Ltenium ws Gy bit PTC ( Exped tin Struchon saa Sepa) Precek on. f Number of tranSigtor used were! 230 Q0000 in Inte 2086 a wallion tn pice ancl Intel Coa 2 Extrms. 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OF Aedignss toc -MO$ technology with Low powere Afton: Ox 5 INTEL BOARS | MoToROLA -mG#8100 PENTIUM - rH GENERATION & Tate once ced in 19q5 to Hil now: ps design’ by wiley VSt vol vist chip Jge Ors 4 4 U4 oS, OU it processor - 4 4 had, barr Loring vel high pectorermnce a. igh Specs} - PENTIUM =4 (Linux Gx WENDT aceseén, anvD MELRO Ce TROLE K MICRO = PROCESSOR Mie \IOR ROCONTROLE on ae LS 0 Cpu on| + The. raicrencomputer. ¢& hn n by ube a Single Ven n creo proscossor. a8 48 cru x with yay locludas ALY mond chemont| tI? awd ofp device & memory hemed - ad) wagisher. on O. Single 4% trcluded MiP & top dudputcfewice 4 fk ': IniTEL 8086 Sy vost > 3085 MICADCOMTROLER INTEL 80386: “Al0RD LENATH OE MICROPROCESSOR = Fp digi! computer Can und Sinnd He infoxanate Corp oxtes| by only ae ‘ i —- peor convenience udeol input 09 on) Symbol charathe culphoboted 5 we ceeclnal gs A aie all ons, convened Ke tnorey digits band 4 inberunall: v_proeedsing by ahecPl * * PY igit O81 i of gt watt Oy ro sul id 5 Ti no. byte fs di tomputer. praceds ot o. Heat ponatheby iS Colkesl 8 word lwngtn: + Gat OF Ungtuctlon wither for o. mien Sp nacebsore to puto ae : sh arent ma praqronte | cobtes Sotwesre. Advanfages Lows cot ‘Grol. Sizes, Wigh Spas oss power: cera nifion Sally reblable..o, 8 0 Sbit micro-prnce88 or. ; vogh we gbie ob tt an eect TET ok eee SS era ce eret onl tosh2 pare 45h bod ton vedere 6065 $025. 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O78. 0 fee sae a wn dhabe magitterd Gore Stor! Ex ow sony (530) o pair. 8 sn! Purcpose Register ‘gtora 16 bit sagen a at Fore + St ee ee ae reopens Coukere Qounkor , Stack P poner; in hin ragithor Meee vhemporad Ragishere ere A\gqumulatoc NCC) > Ht i$ an 8-bit i casociat | with dhe ALU» At 28 devote by): i we a Park OF ahthenatte lgle & ude Fon Storing bo. exon Oe doto. for. erat sh Freution «go dhe reSulh Of orgs arithmaktt. & Logical an ate yet s. Hence, aig. eagtto Bogvad oS ne te acces von 0 Goes agithee » ‘See t ighore = * wolko kno Raa Tes oe ~) Ft wags of ne : nS perdown yy Aw de to et once OPO ore, or Cot pein oh ae a dake ‘(62)H ome % Gd eer) tn ae etl os —aveStore contort, © Ct aaa 8 Got en ie Le Rees ieee acto Ye Fo dhe condition usluch, i on oreithmal dec Glnaical pperctiton « 580 dua, Jad Flog § of INTEL gog5 oLi- ¢ ee Que oe 4 cay Coens mo S) Ga) post Flog \P. wo uasltorey 40 UN) Zao iat) e Sign flaalS)1 Sign Plag(g)s pre asthmatic or logical operation L. ce sive (We) dun dha Sign Hag (6) 18 Sek toe Hf che raSulh ¢9 (1Ve) de dhe Sign figlg) 1S eeSet to0" Leal opererton , it tha u Au Flaq(Z) > Attar. Qradhmadic ore logi Of operation becom Yard dhondhe Zow Flog 1g Set tot: reset to Zerolo) + Fee ud Corry Flag (03) > APRee dhe. areithmalie operation : (Ad Seen Eeubctecttd) 1g quanta] dian tho Coscry Flog OS Stef A pthorewlte reaSet to 0° iv) Pasty Flag(P)> Miter the anlthnalec Operation UF dhe mall euon nor oF “L dhon dhopaity og ig Get 14 othorcwiSe of odd ao rf + 18 gunercotes| dhon tf will weheb to 0+ Y) Rustilorey Cavern Flag lc) \f in a arewthman'c operation oF Rd wae an fon So ots a Rit Arian chore tS a Cl e Set Fyfe ee ous ube Oo: he Rusa Mog is a 5 We Ba ies 8 |Z |x ac [x [p [x [es [eae Statod | | tindeltned stall Party Sheu ee Urea Qe Add a 2% B.show de Flag ate affadal © || ~0110 tooo ! Sign Stalag - Ae apt i) 09.0 C8 =0 (No a TOO eats told pa \ [ojo [x]! [xJo xo | AE= 00-0, contPees cam Cpustere (PC) SHS o lobe et Spectal Purcpate ragen SH) aa PC: 4t ts ms so hol aha. esrb oddnaes of dha tah ngheuchin tobe Vee! eae of meron cle e288 of me AnGinaction tn » peogas Tt koepS dhe while hoy, U2 on ornocut: i hk meen te incromont the Containt of pe Program Coun ee se oe EnGtructton nea it — a te of wast aes Peieachion tn dhe. Program aie dton Stack, PCIE 4s?) 44h ig 0 1ebH spect funchion ruggher = ate. Gluck tS O Sequence of momo on Set by & Prescot ko Stora the Contents oF Of accumulator. a sega Col magister duct 4 geocutton of preogeo” ag a Stack L th works and genes! P Hon of meron con be ws tn LIFOCLoSE In 0 Ug opercatton 18 fabter 03 comnpaxol | Stone, reetrelve of momorey Jocation « Stack porto 4 Troe ore tv 8 rogittoe Tempered ee? bik Eempouased | tore with nes : ; ad bo cfore. He to Awe wing onidhnah & Logical ae ie uss coame ae pe renga reamme > {k uder| oy oy alerenpreces ghee oF prencesbor OE w ae = Te RE Tpghrawnon NY tee aao| ote Sronishon a ohecenne © es y “ay go OH 2p rage (Qe ig olb apart of ALU 4 shen 08 asic ig faked From memes ok 18 Soa in ee an gtrenctton ragither soy ROUTEVe tontent of - a outa? dagtenchion roa Tagister ofon't Change > co of ngtruuthion rugisher Conknuputly drdvel dhe ing ~The, Enhurchion ud dhe tnforemation fom d ister, B ee a 4 Apher dhe decoder decoded he taShurchlon tt gived the BY 4 Hadng ard cookeo! watt Leng and conkual Ut 9.14 i8 dhe Seckton of cpu «St gowrahes Hiosing and conteal sil rahich ant neSSelory Fore dhe of tngtuthion: “4 Tb Contreol3 tho data flow beth CPO ord pordphareal devices At Paovides Gledud Control aro) thruing Stanal uuduich axe reeapoica “Bor dea. pperation of mamorey & To quutoe - 3% contrsls dhe entinn oporation of nuit ~procetdor pores Connechod fo TF Tee th arts 0% abrain of mitro-pro IC = Two Crystal pilot. are used to enorcahe. clock Ségnal (whi 4g provided by pup) which aig’ In Synchnownizing all dhe igherS of MP Serial Input avtpet Conbeol > Miceapretfe. Pravifeal Facil Sad Geet! olata tearBnd88to Sol Gercial caput output) Ciecurt B Ln-Coreporazed Por duB purpose - | 4 When Gro Garis! dota. te to be road into dhe, nulercopreocedgore y lgnal to dhs Sp Control Chrcwtt two ping are ud fore Gortal input ata. & ‘GoD & adola bina far tent ‘oultiu) Toteereupt Control >The tnfersupt 18 0 nuchanim by whichaa | toput oolput re on tngtreuetlon Con be me dhe prema! eabcutton OF dhe prencesgor. & god, theelt Sorvice - ~ Consider dott MP Cf wouturting the natn Prugraun: las pee Sethe Signal tn enabledore aqua shel pvp SUHB dkocenhe From dia main Program £0 pravess de5 mosteblet nhac It i an te te e creo processor ? il “remiby econ ‘taal tein pregeu: ee dnhorseugt corral Oe atyres 3h Moskoble~ ate u 1 Non -masheble iene | reaps $ offere tho Completion je mais a datercoupt tebdth Catt be pow b nis type of tnteorupt had mee Di ‘ er eet wy drherept Ue which gecherenal set godsernal one pe eae jedgeonant Sige! to the anderal evita dheough Conds an a.cnow! nth PU pins: 3 If two Or roa. (rhesupt go Wah or Sure} Signal ato. ime thon game will Gurenice deem tn oroere 4o priouity . Qed tn 8085 MP axe TRAP = The prutorhy profere ty gg H51RTE? RET BB cal TR the TRH? om phighitt proorty ac adsble 4 RST e RET 51 RS 36 anf InTR I i routy ry soe to INTR ee {east pros Psi ae wore 3th Flog "= rapier confine Hae be of og a ot oad vet i z shes Ot dhode, ele, 48 bh een Bill ee et “we comotatt pel esi sig a WwW pe Lar eas and, Cy 3 fi ? bel [Ace or a8 (the corbinls arrristol dr, Cad is dy lgwir 6 v7) 5 OR cogheans ay al mand SOR Oe as aw ined. Lael of Sntoowsgt og tt ee a mashable39 fed Hoy 3¢ BU HLOA CLK ur), ‘RESETINSabri sk 00 14 used a Single FBVGC powor Supe 18 of Baons- 2) Spent is bout SMHZ: The clock, cycle. : <5 The Pind on ae CHP ance Givi eo} info Soteral aby ra88 bus] Pi {pin wo-1a to 19) and (a toas) . uslpen (pio Wo 124019) Conk Stated Sigua! (Pin no: 99 +» 34) w Power Supely oun) fraser ( pin no- 30/40) 2s 34) Pacheorally tnikiohas| Sige toi w-6 toll) yi Seria) input putput Porc Ce) in, deseriprien of S085 F Din wo- Wd (ta Sopot) = 8 crypt LALILE [Re network) 1% connecteo to dade Two ping which qeved clock_ Ts & gol tan be vdes| 08 dho Syston Belk fer ghee Gee 45 Araquanty 18 Some auch odor opens: wed for tov DC Supply to MP Me a) 7 gin 8 foresaw rofenonce. OF tem? pia mg: go Wes) 22 8 so. oe Serial output To | Pin 10-4 [go0)2 Bo dota Lino, awe Sof accumulator mae on Son Lina froachton 1B oouetut 4 mite 3 sah “tnput the deh Pensa s Pin n0-5 tsrp)o 4 dara lint foe Ser aan A > st lina toaster int dhe Fah bit OF aoat iCuumlator. when RIM {a8heuchion, iB enact Bin ow 8 Reset ie i rebel Cnoaelad hewtoos ponnngio rlenaphaceson A ‘Pin no. 86 (RESET IN) > St ts COP Ee eat 4 0 reohet Lrtercresph Cee H a igs a ri Ta ous C0 Pin no- He (ane, ibredoe ts & 2 eae) This pla “Ube| foc tnterscah Signals thade Ula 3, ae uses} £0 tnanSfor. Banal from | evita toM-P when an tobereeupt 18 mee the merc tnsheuclen ig eancuted from a fined} Location tn dhe me pRETE-G5-5F5 cx to rostect tyheceupt hag pein rent ee RAP hal th) eg the “tnlerereuspt ie ore iy i. ping an narCrcoprencodQore va Btanal to qewioe ‘Inte eae ape Ged ws ae fe on ul Pin ny 12 t0,!9 (AD -AD+) Snput] output > These ping ome Lina mutilencd ele) date oo ‘ ae “of | ad i) tha Serve, Thuy one ude{ Fore de Leabt Bignificnrt Pbi8 (LSB) Of | S apres bug aig first okt, of machine hiesee Ne oo 4b tong (Ag to As) 033 bud * 1g + 90 dude pe Ae eee eee re, test 1$1) 9 we ie ane. ee Fore er Signal o oy by ee MP 40 aa ate \oscloug typed of operation mea. ated Coole 09 ota bud. ro N10: 50 (ALE) = Tis pln ig ude to Conttel dhe woeite SRon when MP Saad 0. data to a memory Locatdon pr output device Cotter| ure 2 operation . 4 when WR =0 Yh MP Can wrette de data % WR =L Mp Cant rahe the data - wey en Pin 00.32 RD. Coulped) > whan mlereprocedBore ea ae a, eatin ore taput qevéee. 18 Cabbes! RERD Operation - rans} dhe deta & when RD =1 dha Msp inn ro[m oxtpe) i a mulkiplened Status Signal This pin & ude 08 tw Status 8tqnal which liakinquised hae Hu odfrunt 18 we tae memory Ol opexaton g fede wher Jojm =1 H Can Sokect tho, g fo q descca ard, 7/0 operalidn dy is chal eu Pin n9-34 ueeg usher tol =o th Gel the: , Oanak : Aes tees Pore, ee Pin abea5 TREMDY +O 18 0 Signal Sand by on Tfo dev Lo dhe MP: Tid Segnall dndicatad that the Tlo quviee (8 randy to Genel ore nacre dhe fede ywhen READY =+ th Undicabos thatthe Alp evita 4 readly 10° Gerd or aceapt dhe date ° + when READY =0 then To fevice ozs not ond ore reocerles Paar Qn ahaB Herne dhe MP goed 4 weut Gabe + ‘Din no-ag LHLDA)s ire) a HoLD atknousled gortsignal Sane} 0 toy dhe mP ofture. rapelving tho HOLD signal : devise ubich had 86 wad dee HOLD Sippal Vt 18 Gere] to dhe Plo ng, aq (HOLD) 9 “whe mimi, donk of comput : 5 cakes one date bud fon itte. tea al dan th 8 Qasal to. Me Es ars Sopa} aM $ Steel fou ete i um ‘uo ecko : eee He aco = | Bus SysTEMs Te Net which axa uSeal 40 Communi Gare Cr Giean aa cte oss Flo qevior ore memory. @ bud System vy ahane. one osiody 3ypet + A Rees Bud Oot Bd W Control Bud - & Fuss Bul? whoo dhe microproce tore ident 40 Commus ith OY lo qevioe Ot memory thon tt hod +o & aud ke tho achohne8 \ud. 0 naiiaey To devite ot fo. rnesnO"ey 1B Seleches edhich t& mean foredhe aces . Heue each ‘posdpharcal be moor tdentittad by blurry no: cabs on mt 4 ‘oo er ib al Cele tp the pot) oa oR oF obese:1g known 0s ally Known a Ao - on» Weaken if = 66,586 J code bao 28 5 ger ts pindlencRonal Und Sh te | Yo Berd oe ae dro date From ie cpu ee 4 Genmnally ah Size ot data bus 18 equal to the wore} brgth ofc real (ongth i kit PATA BUS 8 known 08 D- Pus . ’ 3 Hocs dhe 90) { Control Bud > Qore the Control on a CPU eaten cya ey Jpn SN Sach tho Vina. whith Bes) +0 eon ee ive the Comes! Signals one Tole RD aR i Hoan da micrnprencadsor: Commmunteahe. ust \= ii Signal £3 kno padi Control ss *) when toy ‘8 Wigh Communicate with pomon T fo device - 4 when. Tolm ig tow dun dhe miowopro a ushan RP ig tow chan ates 8 aad fram Slo le viceS ore momar +o CPU: 3 if WR slow a0 ay miereo praterore uirdhe dhe dota. Fream ¢PU “ep Tlo Gave? OF memory LOCONON - NoTE? Qo memo oobtrabdlng Capo city of a Cpv depends on the: woth of tH wae bug ee had ni acldreBS Lined ) ocotLon + 2 oor 2” memory Con directly Bane «9b = 1094 nou Beng =buk gre = Qldx gl WK =m by3- A WRAY = 160x4 =UG8 ; BA = gee ngl? KAUPAA Aw dijdres38ing Cupebility of ocpy =a bytes pnetie § ols a ee re ee nS Lindroto WWELdO ay z ft i ih FOTAIC LAdNT] -YGxog YossrsadaIt\n,pecitic operation on a given dota - PP ote dgteucton Set of a micro} preocwstore t& the C1 phe tnStuuchion thot dha mecrenpreoveszor e in 4 They eonnot be used by one ager one manufachusca « TP th Con verde ro in adGomIt age Enghuuchon « #085 wate 5 Stechin Geathcleake Ue te Ae yeas congich of ports ££ Op Code [teem code « i OF i opeote Je 7 Ty 1s the Hint Fi oot of on “nshahn whith ole A ao tol, to be a by Hho. Compare iS coded g Opexands eran FF 18 dha Secor oe ie am tectruction ov daa ee ich buy ve known 08 vpecards » Distant types of of ne ie f\n Lnchruttion Sot of 8085 ni cresprnceseor me one been me bean Cae into 5 grr’ - Otte freas@ere Aone - » aha ayeosp =" o) Logica! ee Browch control QrouP « Spot eae | @) Deco {ronsfer Aiea > Ap Enghenttlen whieh one oxce wed ts reac rag shes 4p another Bae hore Frtomn memory to estore oe from ty ishare to on is op hat Rare grou 8 eatatute| thon cote to heshination voit out ae a> ws ux dole. Som ragisheB) to ltr at be meemony bs wogilline [AJM] P f\n tnthrenchton €& O Com 4 Ae m7 oramace ais ts the Conese aeMOV ALM 5 gue dhe cede. from memory to 04 dota. Fram ragisher(Ra) to v Mov Ri » Ra? Move dhe. ‘ te M dfode fram nagistox[ te] + ony ly Mov Myre > Move. the laden Loom reg share[Fe] +0 . IMetel , diode. tage. i” qccumuloctore . MMVI Aj data 3 Move ome Aledo: sk Mya Mydota > Move Anifeode dhe date “in momorcy (M\<—tote vik LDA Dato> Load the fate tn Acoumulodore vitt LXxt rep yAate. > Load tho. date. <0 ragishor pare tnd alg tx STA dota > Stora. the dota. diraety in Alecumulotore | & LNLD Adelaats 2 Load the aoblrnt® flreachy do tho Hil Pour rag is Loax ep > Loos} the content oF nagighere pair. to the act ! EE STAK ITER 9 Stora the accumulator. Lo the acphna%9 @cagishor Pal ‘git XCHG 5 Bruchonge. Jno content of two reagiher Pole ! B [Ho ted 1(@ [\2) A\nithmetéo reup > f\n tnghuckion of thode role | Qeithmedic openokion Such a oddition Gubsteackton , anene Gocreement the data in eagigton. Or memory « ea AOD fad the reagithere bo te ACCumulatore. 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