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Nar -T
Pundamentalr og Comeuien
Generations 04 Computer
one Components
LO
8 BR y Commpurers
@ — Computy Haxsturoe 2 Sato
vePu
“fou
Keyboord 2 Mouse
Zlo Devices CAocngaet)
Computer mien
Bi Memory Hiesanchy — Primory & Secondary
Srearye
GF — Seeondany Storage + Magnete Dist Us Opot
“4 8 Ose
co
SS Dasa Numesute Dotti : na
Alpha Numeate Datq
GH apr og Data & Ingewm ahon
Storage
Setting
Pro comstn
}
Fens missione
Ee
Au & hrorn 1940's Preah.
¢
Oner -T
—=.
These are © Genenahins Computes, & Cath one
ts Chas acres aed by a Mejor
=mMenr Hhob qundamen tatty Choma ed the 9 oy
Computer Opetole:
tech nological develop
Maj or Chamges thot Occur oat
Gy) Sige 2 Bagge to Smaties
(1) Cosr 9 — Costtiea +o Cheaper
@) Pousertut a» bon to More
Ww) Eagiemey a Cem to Hag
ESF Gen exotron : Vaceum Tubes C tau ~-se)
> ASF Comparer System Used Uaceum haber dor Circainy
2 Magneke Asm go Mim.
04 Entire Room , Veny Expensive fe Opuck,
i Sige ts
High Ete cheveity Consuming cleus ce
+ Rebted on mle. Lang usge aos Com Solve One
Prbtem OF oO Hime
LIP Was beead on Punched Cos R paper
ere alee ee che Plow ac om paintowls,
3
a Ext UNivac or Entac
ecee 3
and Genenahon , Taransisters tac ~ 63) i
=
\
> Veaneistor We Invenrd ar Bett Labs in 144%
» Ren Supator fo Vaccum hub, to become
Qmatler, Costa, Cheaper, Mere eningy eggident
2 more wellabu
> Shit webled om Punched Conds Fos ¢ip & Print
ous for Of:
> Lamg wage chamged feom Cry pte Binary mle
Lamquoae +o assembly Lamguoge
High Level Language Wes cnc davaloped Such)
As Core, Forarran
BEA Cenesahon + Integrated Grscuits C taeq-F)
% “Teounsisters Wew miniahuweg & plaed om Qa eon
Chips Comed Semi Conductors ahi dh Clios Headly
Increased He Speed & eggidenay »
% Instead Gy Punched Conds 2 printouts ,
Users Intexacred Ustth B7I Genesonon Computer
through Key boasds 2 Monitors .
3 Devices Shura to ™un dy. Ape Ucobons
Or ome He
> Vge Teduced Q became Chroper“uth Generahin & Microprocemer s ( taai- Proent)
— = —
U rgle liter
? Thousands qy Te wer bulk om a Sunigte
Chip
asst Clevetoped in 199) (ocobed
ceu mlm
2 Inra 4004 Chip
au Compomeni a Uompura fom
% ‘This |
Guz , Movse
sth Genesaton 3 Awiyolo} Tntewigene (Present
sth _Genguanon t Arnhyicle! Tamigene ©
> The Use Cy Paxattel Prvconing 2 Supertondec
Ne helping fe make AL ready
> Bet Vote Recognition » Quambuen Compurahin
Name Technolayy |
+ The goat yY cth ge: Computing v's Fo develop
devices that Peapend to Natusol Comavrae
tre 2 ose Copabu y Lean Soy Oggorgeans) Lor
Then >
inne |
cru
CPu
Tnpar, — Conuets dota Into Compute weodable Form
& Text zip, Image IP, Bound ele, Pingo park,
Uae sie ese 8 Cem, Seo. Ot
Ty tem ore
by Keybooud, Mouse, Keypads Scanners , UPhme,
Toy shox » Buttons , Touch Screeneos
ourput + Converts hjerman'on som Numerleod Powe bo
ee
Human Readabi form in an Unambigous
| Mamnes
& Display on Leo Semen | Printed page 0m pak
Song played om a Spesten , Image on Scmeen
Utpyabion an a Phone , Buggers
™ Dota m/m
lememy. Two Subblous <
Progroarn mlm
Dots myn ~3 Oats ts Stored . Also Catted Reod
vomre mim.
L Contents qy the mim Cam easily he
atrxed by He Computs pregram
b& Random Accor Marnory Cram) 9 Volatile in
=> Bidlireckonot +o ¢PU Notunt
Prog, evar mim 2 Contains Cequema cy mo, oF Command
Or Inehvanons:
& CPu ferhea thir inskeuchion One Gb a Hou,
decodes iF & then execuber hE 3 Tubaten
Sy de
& Cottechon og there Inshuchon fs Castes
Prog aum.
& Also
Coued Read Only Rom) =
7
® Content Comnest be Coty cbrued
& Onl Umedtonal +o CPU. |RUEs
Considered 08 a beam gy the Computer
Chee
L tyoo Sub blous < Aw
Contet 2 Thong Uru
AW > Dofa Processing 9 Tnkeg om o1p Guth &%
+ my te ow, Complemit , Ard
wiath gq the BLY Co. g Rus’)
& Speed og ops [Ke cond
ah | More 8S
Langa the wot tea Speed Y Prowl
Timing 2 Conkd Uni 9 Aa Heat
G Gupavise Glow q ts
G Runs om Clo Pri ded by Ogat ates
& Commo Conk & Trenimg Une heumdbes may
At or a Hme.
Von Neumann Arschitecwie 2 Lame mim 2 Bus
| ase: Used to Strwe both cata & !nghrvctions
that wun the Pregeam.
> Lince Boh Progzam MH! Q dota
rofm Comtbot be caecesced Stim whroune out
fe Peg ormome Ne aQ¢eced .
Hoxnvaxd Aarchitectusxe 3 Steves “(ng fuckin
SS
2. clota In Separote mofm Unit Hhat
asa Connected -
ee+ Coun Hemme 2 SGRamr CSREES
Computer Hoard wos Component — et the prastet
‘ :
> asl.
ComponenG oy the System Ushich Com fee foudh:
® Cents Processing Unit +
2 Bletrronte Clr erry uate Compuress thar
Cosmiter Out the (nshvaors YY % Computes Prgien
eet et .
by Puy ormung banie Asuthemake , Logie ,Conhlis
Q Llo op. Speugi ed by TLagte chim .
4+ Consist gy Au & Control Unir
3 The Instruchims to be executed aso Kept in
Some Kind Gy Computes mim - CPU Perches , decoder
2 oxecukes inshuchons + This Precem te Coured
Instry on Qyas:
3 Actual ‘mathemoho) opuahen
gow each Inskeveron fe
Poxtosmed by 0 Comb!na
Logie cer tolth In cpu's
Procence Known os
puDs. acl
C—O
2 Contr! Unik ‘Ws a Compment thot died the
Opaaken gy a Pruner + Tt bells the Compute’
Mim , wt OLU, Zio devices how bo weapond to
the tnshuehons thar have been Sent tothe
Precenor-
3 Addvess Genesahm Unik CAav) 1s om Crecuben
Une tnaide te CPU that Colcwaber addresses |
Used by the CPeu to aceon maim /m- This
educes the mo, Oy Ceu, Cycles wequined gor
Executing Vanious, Machine Tnahuchions.
CRU Cache fs QQ hadwoau Cache Used by the
Ceu of a Computes +o, weduw the aweoge Cos
Come or en esau’) +o access dofa drom main m/m
AU medenn Cpur have mutate “evel 0g CPu Gch -
:
Mosr Ceu ase Synchwonou, Circuits fe they empley |
Q Cloce Signot to Pace thelr Sequential Opeabons
The Cloce Signed tg pred veed by. Ek enol Qseltlater
Ckt tok yen erates oc Consistent no, GY Pubes each
Second In the form oy Penioct?c Rquore, womes
Fostes ta Clo , the More Ins huetens We ecu
Witt execu neh Lecond ,F .
3 Integer Range. aloo Byocr the Mo oy MIM Cocoon
4 the CPU Com CLs ectly Addess -
2 Posattatiem ov Poxatiel Compuking to Introduced ic
Beers to Increase the Talk, cur Whi
ulad usin a CPU.
CPU Ushich
Ingkeuchions, Que exee
|» Pagowm ane ga a cev depends Vem
Clock wate
E TEnskruchons pu Cock
Per gormamnt. By wlm Hess ache
No, gy Cove prvcesor
Sqyrware Aigorithm 2 Zn pllernertation
Horduscne Logte
9
‘Display Usk (00), oa
i ae Cw
0
| AL VOU Aisplag images Gonwored by a Compute.
Or Othen elechronic wits
3 Bat Meni tor, qu Projector 5 CRT A
CLeO, Leo, Pfeamay
3 AR vVOU may be Pep henal Aevices ow may
be Integeates “uslth the One Comp one nds
2 The Vou Chiptays ingve moKon Th tha germ q
Text Or grphta Cpictures) ‘: oh YOU
Considaakon dor
3 Whether the inp | ov 's monochrome or Colous
Mono Chrome moeniturs ase Cheaper Hon Colon
Mentors
te how mama Pines the monutersr
across 2 clown the Somen.
The Highes the Terolukon, the bette the
deginitien Q Move expensive the Monicr
2 Asper Reh'o Ciera)
» The Lis Play device In modein Memniters I'S typically
QA thin Pilm Traneistes Uquid Crystal claploy (Ter-
Leo) Uetth Leo bart celighting
2 Monitors ase Codaatrd to the Compurs Via VGA
Curdeo Graphics Arway D Connecks » OVI COigital Vibuol
Inteipaw), HOI Gc High Degindten Mulkrnedia |
Inter} cee) | ere
> OLEH Meniters Provide higher Controat 2 barre
Ulew ing amgles tham Led, but they nae ee
Mere power Ushen Ling teugong chocum en tithy
Brique bau. gsounds :
Messwurment a Peyormane moniter
D Luminance 2 Colour clepth 3. Reap onse Hime
4) Powa Consumption s) Viewing amate- a : ‘
3 The Sze ay the chaplay Is Usucatty m™ eonuned
by the disrome blw two Oppowe Cosnes
o == iz
Mouse: Hand - Heed Pointing dleuiee thar dered
two dimensional moon rectakue fo Sugpan
This mote is Syeteosty teeuulared into the
mMotm ya Poinkey on a dhiapley
° Ructasi tn both Usdielen Q udleed.
a Modesin Mice ten howe Optiod Sensors thor
have no moving Post etre: wenclukon Q precision.
9 Butts cu thes dos Sesetson Og a Meny
trem om a Lap | oy QR Wheels doo enabling
Addi hienad Contr}
9 In Intenachve 3-0 geaph's the mouse's Moton
Often Prams lores divecty Into Changer in the Ulrhol
Obj eer or Camena Ormentohion: Ext Gomes
bran smitt dota Ula Tetared
3 Cowdtess mice
wowes CBlucrorh £ wid)
Sodliabhon os Todlo
The meckevea ts Connected to te Conmputn
He ough Sedo oF USB PartKeybowd ‘
——
> le Ceurce tar atows O Pew to enfer Carters,
numbers 2 Othe Bymbels info a Compulin.
2 Contums mechanical Switther OF Push butts
Cotud keys
2 When ane oy there ane Pushed , AN elec |
Clroudit ts Closed Q the Keyboosid Semds a Leper
to tte Computes,
3 Cam be Connected Udived or Uolretes (@iuctot}
> Most Poputay loxyour ts QWERTY | Which ts
based on ta JSF Six Lets on Typewrite Feybod
3 Key Stroke Legging t's Copraing Q wecowd
Q3 each Key thor ts Premed. It Cam be
Used to meosuse employee actu thy » Hackes ;
Com ates Use Keys hore logging :+» Co ay
> Computes Hardwasue Toteg rahed Cheuk that
Store Mngermahinn for Immedial Use in Compute,
ts termed a8 Compufey mlm.
> Theu wa Mam two Kunds of memory
dy) Volorte 2 (ty Non Volokle
pasa Flogh mim
Cathe min Rom mim
CsRam) PRom, EPROM, EEPRm
> Most Semiconducter msm !s Orgamiged In to
mim Celle os RBistobte Pilp Clops , each Stoning
1 Bir Coos st). The mim Celle ome grouped inte woes
BY gimed wood Cevamth , Por ex + 12,4, Bp 16, 32/64,
128 bur Word nes Sagnot +Hhot accesses +Hhe Cet
Yo > enthe Read & Wri clats
Burn The dala Hat ts b waster {ule or Read diem Ce oS
2
Volarte Mim 2 Computa mim ‘thar requixe Powess
to maimtaim the Stored tues maten.
b, SRAM L, oRam
Yop
0 ©
Crots 7
Couple) Dora t
Struc
TH
. Mos Sthychuw
Logica
dogie Te Sense linePaste ® Slower
®
@. Dissipate Mere pow @ lems Powe dissipabh
© Reguine more ane dor @ lea Aseg
i bu ‘
© mien Opa tly ts lege © More
© Gthe m/m © Mare m/m
® Requsies no Reyreahing @ Rag udres Pepoorhing
; Cyte evay 2ms
N : :
ep Volare I 2 ym that Com wetaim the
Stored tutosmohon even When not Powued,
“OES
etenaonan ty
Px: ROM 5 Flash mim , Maginene Computer Sewage
CHomd disk , Floppy dak, Mag nee tape),
OpHeal dink , Pape tape, Punched Cavs
Rom > Mim Cet ane cles igned as GroayS
hawtng merattic Fuses
Prom 3 Fuses ase replaced by ;
Diodes Om Ahas Such thar mim Is Programme
EPROM,» Te hoy q Gloss Window On it. Uhen
eCxpesed to Uv Lahr the Doua’ ts ete:
2 Mowe Hme ts toren gor exe Fhadotg
Ce 30sec)EerRom } Bledel Poros abt. PROM
ates Known os Non Volahie RAM
CwvrRam)
Eleerot Vol is Used +o cuore He
do by Using ol Logie dees
More Hme wil be aren der Dus $
ae pst
aa no
= Flesh mim; Two Tyee — Neno Ts
Type gy EEPROM
TH Im Conds
yas fast Reod Becess He Hoe
put hot. os factor Gchs
rage A usabi by ae
USB Flowh datues
Solid State Asi vos
QmertP barnes
Semivoraie mlm +
im Im hich hea Some United
dusakon apa Powe "s remoud
STT- RAM:
Non Volahle
» Ex:
M oy Menggement Prope Momog erent i
Ww
Imp. -
fers a Comput to Sperste pre
Othavotse ft Com lead to bugs, Slow pe
Ast emah'e Ovegptow
Metuod MDI m +
Us Mim leon
Vetuot min ts g System Usheu
ou Phy steal om {m
Is Con trotted bos ein
Q
crest Ly stem » When a Pregra nm Needs
wequents tt dsom the Operon SystemThe opearing System then deudes in Whot Phystt
loch'on to place tHe erat Code & data.
3 When the Amounk Q RAM fe not Seygietent
+o wun au the Cusmnent Prgg 7a ms, 1h Com
wenutt tn a Vihuohon Whee te Compurey
Spends more Hme movirg dota Geom RAM to -
Atse 2 baue than tr Coes accom pl'shing fasts
this fs Known Theos hur :
Sys tem UD eng ath Rigas
gis
Protected mim : ;
4 MIM to use
9 Sete gsom bug » Reiablitty T & Secunthyh
3 Always Include Uletusl mlm.
Cache Minn 3 Tet Chores dat So that Furwe
swequects ow thar dak Cam be Senved Raster.
3 Data Stowed In a Cathe Might be the mesutt
am easies Compulahon OF 4 Copy 4 dota
Stored ene udhene -
3 Cache Kit Occurs UXhen the weg vested dat
Com tbe found %M Cathe .
> Cache miss occas When, tr Cannot
3 Tk Wworts om He Prinupte @ Lombiny of
ee ant* a a
The Mim Hierasichy Spas obes Com p len Steroge
into a Hesoorchy based on Reaponae Time: X
Copocig
Pam osay/Main
mim CRam, Rom)
Secon: ™m/m
HO, C0, BvD, PO, ae
Proper ter
= Fdding Comp lexi ty Slows down te M/m
Hex astehy ,
Memory Tethnetogy Shretches the Flash
Space, tn the. mim Hienaxehy .
3 The locaton In the m/m Hierarchy cakes
the Hme weq. der the Prepetch fe Oc,
3 CMox
istes: Fastest Possibte Access
Tt Is Cquivolart to M0. OF Generel
Purpose Regi Prenit UsiHuin Hea prouwe
Move the no, O4 Genes! Prrpose Reg
Mare Ie He Speed. ‘
Coste Bach Bieta tye! Ketsls q coud Q ”
dota Cogten 2% Gy bis)(evel 4 fe
Cache + Levu 0 —
—=
L cra — 128MB Sige
: GB to Sige
Moun mio
“ee
Seconckoy Loree: 2° Te
Textionry Stomage : Upto Exabytes
in Sige
as wsesponsi ble der moving dota bw
> Prog vammats
Hrrough Rite Llo
clink 2 mim
9 Hood wase is wreapasible dee moving dah bly
mim 2 Caches
‘ Compries we roeap ons bt e gor genet,
uu Cause the
Code , thor UShen erecuted ,
arid to use. Caches & — Raicenty
Parmasy Stecage : (Main m/m /Irtencel enter)
2 Diweetty accessible te the! Cee:
2 Cpu Conk nuously weads !ns hwchions Skerseq
there 2 executes them meq uin ed.
> Bx, RAM , Row
(Rom)
2 Nem Volahie Primaviy Storage Conteus ing i
Sone te ve Pregzam CRios) ts Used tO
bootstrap he Computer, ‘r
Secondosiy Storage : ( Bxteinot mm ow Ruxitiory ”
Stemge)
> Nor Olin ecty accessible by the CPur
2 Computes Usustts Uses tts UP 2 0/P Chamnes
to access Secondary Stowege & Transgea the
desived dala +o Pmony Stowoge
2 Nom Votattte th note.
3
The Access Hme Pex byte Gos Hand drat delves
& tYpicotyy Measured to milli Seconds , While
Gecess time Pex fyte gow primory ‘Stevage ‘e
Messused im Mamo seconds.
23 Rotating ophet dise Storage devices Such as E
CD 2 pvD have even Longer accen Mme,
> Bx: use Plash dive, Floppy Oise, Mognebe
Tape, Punched Corde , CO, DVD, ee
2 eG. Types io Opal Storage
Meogner'c g renege|
Maagnehke Storage | ook Q e
lagoeks Sivat Prot Stowmge
x, \ \ a
9 Uses Ae Patterns og 2 Stores Ingasmabon Oya
feat, SLYOACE HO Chrreusan Lise”
Coated Surg ace fo. Stove i
Ss
~ motion. Use Peined ple @ by INuminakog the “dm
Blechromegn elem Laity a Losen ode :
Observing the TYlechen:
> Nm Valatle 3) Nem Volatile
> Ex: Mog neke dist, 2 Ee: CO, OVO
ise » Hasd Char
9 Uses Single wemovabl(e
3 Uses Muthpte Pined dist
disk
3 Sh ‘ 1
estes Decess time » longe Becem Heme
+ Only One dise Cam be | + Mass Repticanon t's
Used ar a time Poss! ble
2 Data fe randomly accesy| 9 Pat’ IS Sequentaley |
Accemed
> Stor
Storggs: vale Seyaat 9 Stooge Upp 2948
Hundred GB :
- - g a A
9 Mag wb Pets com clestey Cats on He a ee
He Btored on THRMRS net be chamexg od by meg
SLorcage ie PrenatCapable oy Holding Upto Womb
CcCO-RoM:
=
q dob.
3 The dist fs made YP oy Poly Cosbon ote Wat
In the mftotdte:
2. The Way em age ts Coated usit Mmeralli¢
am dumintum odhey +
file Usu
9 The olumintum lim ts Covered by a plastes |
Poly Comber ofe Coosing thot Protects the
Undenty ing the cholo,
dom 2 Lnshsuthione cut Repre
uoith q hele
9 In co-Rom,
~Sented tn, He germ oY Land 2 pis. The
Ughts Ow oe tected Grom the Land & digud
diem pris «
co HRW: C Compa Olse - Reod /wmte mm)
9 Disc thar, Com be UOWHen , weod Ooch toori fy
mamy Hes, exosed & om Hen ogoim -
3 In co-Qw, the Chamge ey Stare te Foamath
Of Land Qpits ts nok Pumamens.
3 Losey fs Used fo Heat the Athve motetal
SSE MRM ete Shem Te See
Dequived Land & pits to Save the claty3 Imewrovead Vasion Cp-Row
Duo Coigiter Versakle Dise) ¢
fe tr Cam
Stave mulk ple Hees more dota lo Same Siged
Asks
2» This ts Possibte dus to waduthon in the
Sige qy Lond 2 Gr. Qo bits axe Pauced more
Closely on OvO.
Bive Ray Disk; Latest optend Stermge Medivm
3
Hang Disr Drives ¢
—
>
3
More Sophish cated tham OBvoO
Tt was develo pe to Store HO Video,
Ped Moarmby ”
Utdeo games, ere
B Cige (Cane ie Ocal te meng fugelte Ths Cltok
Conteine Rigtd, Disk Shaped Platters Constr ced
Jiom Aluminium oe Alass: 2 Sploning Dise vl
Heads ther meve Ove Aine 2 Stoves dota
Sn Frocks & Setter.
Read Lware dota In Concenksc
The Heads
a Udhich cura allutalef
Clowes Coved dur
Into i Cotted Setrews-a Oo
Data Roth Lets & No,
Al phanumente
——
ete
> Rat Vehic Tdenkgresen NOv
a-z 8 o-9 2 @re d
3 Asen Code C Amesiican Gtamdond Code for Tnjom
Inte Change)
Numesdte Bata} o-3
2 Bcd cou , om Ne.\
ae Cone ept cr Det 2 Ingo
oso oH orn
——
% Data ts oq Ser GY Values oy Subjous Us reaped
to quatitahue om quantitate Unsulebtes.
Dain 2 Tyjormabon aan Often Tnteuthamgeosig
he Dara becomes fyormahon UShen iF is”
VUlew ed tn Context or In Post Omnayais «
3. Data ts meosusted , Collected 2 Peposted, & Analyse
tohene Upm fk Com be UVisuatiged Usien gomvs
Tnog es Or Otha Amalyun fort.
Raw Dalai Unprocemed Dota
Fietd Data ; Raw dota that Is Cetlected in am
"
Uncontrtied “ 'o sity! enutwenmenr
Cxpesimentor Qetg, Doin that is geneiated
toltum the Context & 9 Selentgte
Investigation .
> Ingormabhon Gm be encoded Into Vasitous forms
gos bransmission & Inteaprebaton + For ex:
Lies mehion Com Fe Cncoded inte Sequence
, 8 aeData Storage ¢ ov
3 Dat Stosage
Storoge medivm :
is Stoving uy Ing osmabon Ina
° DNA, RNAS Magnene Tape, Opheol cline Ose ot
Crag 04 Strvage media.
x Basieoden 2 MICR AHt two Ways Of secowding i
m/e weodabte Gola on Papa:
3 Dom te Stored in 9 weconching meslig ( Pxink,
dite, mag nthe LOPE)
=
ay Dar Seeking 7
> Geer Time TYos to how ene
Tead (wate head O
q¢sem one tou +o arnothes
Seer Time % 2 close.
(ny bos
» Avenoge Seer Time ¢
{ Anive auenaged Ovex Many dis.
track. Atstemces
Fre a meden Hast clink datver tha Hme
fs Unde loms.
9 Voaue to Teer Seer Time: Min, Seer Time
frat a Aise Avive takes to move th Reads
tomte Heod 4o0m One tack fo Nexh@
Put Strore Seek Time! Maximum Seer Time
teren gor % Ong, Aulve to move fis He
dsom 18 brace fo Last fratk ong ok
® Doda Processing ¢
> Mant puotton gy dota by a Compules .
> Conversion Y Raw dora bo matching weadabte
Fac
9 Vatideton ay Supplied do -
> Sorting fe ay Hrems In Some Sequence
2 Sommasd gabon ve Red veung detay dam to
tis maim Punk
. \ iseds c ‘
Aggreqanen te oe preces
9 Analysis 2B Reporting og dots.
a
Types gy Data Peocepsing Sclentigic Data Processis
C Commercioy Reta Gre
® Dota Transmission -
=— ——S== °
3 Dota beansaission ts dhe brains gost y daty ove,
Pojnt tO point O% Paik bo mutkpanb Comment
4 9 Chomnds Used dor Dotg Teansmission one
[\ Coppa wire, OPHol Fibse, Ulreless Commuskt
Tae alae alanine ae ere Rar egel ceStorage mediq, 2 Com puken buses.
9 Data Cam be Transmuted in two Foom le
Arateg & Digit? Fasm. 4
2 These Ose two methods Used to transmit
dota b/w ligt tol deouices
,
Uy Seudf Tounomission 9 Data) bits oo e
Orgamized in a Spedyie Onder & Senr
Ina Lemgte Channel
Two Types
(0) Asynehanneus Soscioy Feangmission 3 Doty .
hus Com the Sent Ob omy Point Ini
Hme °
® Synchronous Seo) leanamissin 3, Cota bus:
as beememitred 8 & Conhineous Shean
tn me With qQ moske Clour,
(try Pastel Teansmission 3 Muthpte olata fits
One Frama tttes| Ove muth pir Channels f
OF te Same Hme-
ey
See