Browsers, HTML, URLs, and How DNS Works

 Definition:
 The Internet is a global network of interconnected computers that share information.
 It enables communication through email, websites, social media, and more.

 Key Concept:
 The Internet is like a highway that connects millions of computers worldwide, allowing
them to "talk" to each other.

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 Definition:
 The World Wide Web (WWW) is a collection of websites and online content that you can
access through the Internet.
 It’s like the library of the Internet—where all the information is stored.

 Fun Fact:
 The World Wide Web is only one part of the Internet, but it’s what most people use every
day for browsing, shopping, and watching videos.

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 What is a Browser?
 A browser is software that allows you to access and view websites on the Internet.

 Popular Browsers:
 Google Chrome
 Mozilla Firefox
 Microsoft Edge
 Safari

 How it Works:
 Think of the browser as a translator—it converts the complex code behind websites
(HTML) into user-friendly pages that you can read, watch, or interact with.

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 What is HTML?
 HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard language for creating websites.
 It’s like the building blocks of the web—it structures the content on web pages.

 Key Components:
 Text: Paragraphs, headings.
 Images and Links: Images and clickable links.

 Example:
 <h1>Welcome to My Website</h1>
 <p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>

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 Definition:
 URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address you type in the browser to visit a website.

 Parts of a URL:
 Protocol: http:// or https:// (secure).
 Domain Name: The website’s name (e.g., www.example.com).
 Path: Specific page on the website (e.g., /about).

 Analogy: The URL is like a home address for websites—it tells your browser where
to go to find a specific page on the web.

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 What is DNS?
 DNS (Domain Name System) is like the phonebook of the Internet. It translates domain
names (like www.google.com) into IP addresses (like 192.168.1.1), which computers use
to locate websites.
 How DNS Works:
 You type www.google.com in your browser.
 DNS converts it into an IP address.
 Your computer uses the IP address to connect to the Google servers and show you the
website.
 Analogy: DNS is like asking for directions: you know the place name
(www.google.com) and DNS gives you the exact address (IP address) to get there.

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 What is HTTPS?
 HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) is a secure version of HTTP, which encrypts
data exchanged between you and the website.
 Why it Matters:
 It keeps your data (like passwords or credit card info) safe from hackers.

 Analogy: HTTPS is like sending a sealed envelope in the mail instead of a

postcard—it keeps your message private!

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 Scenario:
 You type https://www.example.com in your browser.
 The browser requests the webpage from the server using DNS to find the right IP address.
 The website sends back HTML code.
 The browser translates the code into a user-friendly page for you to view.

 Example: Visiting an online news site.

 Step 1: Type the URL (www.newswebsite.com).
 Step 2: DNS translates the domain to an IP address.
 Step 3: Browser fetches the website’s HTML and displays it for you.

 Outcome:
 You can read articles, watch videos, or share content through the power of the web!

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 Research and Collaboration:
 Understanding how the web works helps you find credible information, collaborate on
projects, and share research online.
 Everyday Use:
 Knowing about URLs, DNS, and HTML helps you better understand tools like social media,
online surveys, and research databases.

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 Internet: A global network that connects computers.
 World Wide Web: A collection of websites and content accessed through the
Internet.
 Browser: A tool that lets you view and interact with websites.
 HTML: The building blocks of websites.
 URL & DNS: URLs direct you to websites; DNS helps computers find them using IP
addresses.
 HTTPS: Ensures your online activity is secure and private.

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