What is the World Wide Web (WWW)?

The World Wide Web is a global network of connected documents, media, and resources that
you can access through the Internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
Key Components:
1. Websites: A collection of linked web pages.
2. Web Pages: Documents that contain text, images, audio, video, and links to other pages.
3. Web Browsers: Software that lets you view web pages (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox).
4. Web Servers: Computers that store and manage web pages.
5. Search Engines: Tools that help you find specific web pages (e.g., Google, Bing).
Unique Address:
Each web page has a unique address called a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), like
http://www.google.com/.
Types of Web Pages:
1. Static Web Pages: Pre-designed pages that don't change often.
2. Dynamic Web Pages: Pages that change or update automatically.

Static Web Page:

A static web page is a simple, unchanging page that:
- Is stored on a web server
- Is displayed exactly as it's stored
- Contains only fixed information
- Can't be changed or interacted with by the user
- Is created using only HTML code
When to use:
Static web pages are best for information that:
- Doesn't need to be updated often
- Is complete and final
- Doesn't require user interaction
Think of a static web page like a printed brochure – once it's created, the content remains the
same.
Dynamic Web Page:
A dynamic web page is a page that:
- Displays different information at different times
- Can update parts of the page without reloading the entire page
How it works:
Dynamic web pages use special technologies like:
- Ajax (allows updates without reloading the page)
- Server-side scripting (creates the page on the server)
- Client-side scripting (uses JavaScript to update the page)
Two types of dynamic web pages:
1. Server-side dynamic web page: Created on the server using server-side scripting.
2. Client-side dynamic web page: Updated on the client's browser using JavaScript and the
Document Object Model (DOM).
Think of a dynamic web page like a dashboard that updates in real-time – it's interactive, flexible,
and provides a better user experience!

Programs and Protocols

The WWW relies on special rules (protocols) and software programs to:
- Send and receive data (information) across the Internet
- Help users interact with the Web
- Display information in a user-friendly way
Key Players:
1. Web Browsers (e.g., Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox): Allow users to view and interact with
web pages.
2. Web Servers: Store and manage web pages, making them available to users.
3. Email Clients: Enable users to send and receive emails.
These programs and protocols work together to make the WWW a powerful tool for
communication, information sharing, and more!

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP):

HTTP is the language that helps your browser talk to websites. It's like a messenger that delivers
requests and responses between:
- Your browser (client)
- The website's server
Here's how it works:
1. You enter a website's address (URL) in your browser.
2. Your browser sends an HTTP request to the website's server.
3. The server processes the request and sends back an HTTP response.
4. The response contains the website's content, which your browser displays.
Think of HTTP like a delivery service that brings you the web pages you ask for!

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS):

HTTPS is a secure version of HTTP that:
- Encrypts data between your browser and the website's server
- Keeps sensitive information (like passwords, credit card details) private and secure
It's like sending a secret message that only the intended recipient can read.
Why is HTTPS important?
Websites that handle sensitive information, like:
- Banking websites
- Online shopping sites
- Password-protected sites
use HTTPS to protect your data and ensure a secure connection.
Look for the "lock" icon in your browser's address bar to ensure you're using a secure HTTPS
connection!

File Transfer Protocol (FTP):

FTP is a way to:
- Move files between computers over the Internet
- Upload files (like HTML, images, etc.) to a Web server
- Download files from a Web server to your computer
Think of FTP like a delivery truck that:
- Picks up files from your computer and delivers them to a Web server
- Brings files from a Web server to your computer
FTP is commonly used by:
- Web developers to upload website files
- Users to download files from online storage or websites

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP):

SMTP is a protocol that helps:
- Send emails between email clients (like Outlook, Gmail) and email servers
- Deliver emails from one email server to another
Think of SMTP like a postal service:
- You write a letter (email) and give it to the postal service (SMTP)
- The postal service delivers the letter to the recipient's mailbox (email server)
SMTP is like a language that:
- Allows email clients and servers to talk to each other
- Ensures emails are delivered correctly
When you send an email, SMTP makes sure it reaches the recipient's email server!

Web Applications:
A web application is a software program that:
- Runs in a web browser (like Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox)
- Performs tasks or provides services over the internet
Examples of Web Applications:
1. Online Shopping: Amazon, eBay, Shopify
2. Social Media: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram
3. Productivity Tools: Google Docs, Microsoft Office Online, Trello
4. Streaming Services: YouTube, Netflix, Spotify
5. Banking and Finance: Online banking, PayPal, Mint
6. Online Learning: Coursera, Udemy, edX
These web applications make our lives easier by providing:
- Convenience
- Accessibility
- Connectivity
- Entertainment
- Education
We use web applications every day to shop, connect, work, learn, and have fun!
Web Development Tools:
To build web applications, developers use various tools and technologies. Here are some
common ones:
1. HTML: A language that helps structure content on the web.
2. CSS: A language that designs and layouts web pages.
3. JavaScript: A programming language that adds interactivity to web pages.
4. Databases: Programs like MySQL and PostgreSQL that store and manage data.
5. PHP: A language that generates dynamic content and interacts with databases.
What do these tools do?
- Help create web pages and applications
- Add design, layout, and interactivity
- Store and manage data
- Generate dynamic content
These tools work together to build fast, efficient, and user-friendly web applications!

Web Browsers:
A web browser is a software that:
- Lets you view and explore websites
- Allows you to enter a URL to visit a specific website
- Displays text, images, videos, and more
- Interprets website code to show you the correct content
Types of Web Browsers:
- Text-based (old-style)
- Graphical-based (modern browsers with images and videos)
- Voice-based (newer browsers that use voice commands)
Examples:
- Google Chrome
- Mozilla Firefox
- Safari
- Microsoft Edge
Think of a web browser like a window to the internet – it helps you access and view online
content!

Domain Name System (DNS):

DNS is like the Internet's address book. It:
- Translates easy-to-remember domain names (e.g., www.example.com) into numerical IP
addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1)
- Helps computers find each other on the Internet
How DNS Works:
1. You type a URL (e.g., www.google.com) into your browser.
2. The browser sends a DNS query to find the IP address.
3. The query goes to a DNS resolver (usually provided by your Internet Service Provider).
4. The resolver asks the root server for help.
5. The root server points to the authoritative server for the domain's top-level domain (TLD, like
.com or .org).
6. The TLD server gives the address of the authoritative DNS server for the specific domain.
7. The authoritative server provides the final IP address associated with the domain name.
Result:
The browser uses the IP address to connect to the Web server and load the Website.
Think of DNS like a phonebook – it helps you find the right address (IP address) for a website,
so you can access it easily!