PROCESS
1. The diagram below shows the
design of a modern landfill for
household waste. Summarize the
information by selecting and
reporting the main features and make
comparisions where relevant
The picture illustrates the compositions and structures of a
modern landfill that each household unit uses in their daily lives
to treat their waste.
Overall, the entire process comprises the stages of construction,
using it to treat the waste, and the final closure for its
environmental purposes.
The first stage begins with the creation of a vessel that would
contain the waste that household units charge later on.
Specifically, a shallow pit that is shaped as a trapezium is
embedded into the ground, which transcends a layer of natural
rock. Then, the pit is covered by a layer of sythentic compound
along with a layer of clay, which could help contain the waste in
the natural environment. A system of drainage pipes is at the
bottom of the tank, which draws water from the wastes and then
contains it in the vessel below.
Regarding the stage of actual usage, the hole is filled with the
household waste. As the wastes is decomposed, it releases a
waste liquid that is contained in the pre-created tank. After the
hole exceeds its maximum capacity, it would be sealed away from
the environment with another layer of clay being put on top of it.
Another system of pipes would lead to the natural gas emissions
from the waste being emitted away into the designated area.
2
. The diagram below shows the
manufacturing process for making sugar
from sugar cane.
The process provides the steps that need to be taken in order to
produce sugar from the raw materials. Overall, entire process
consists of two major steps, the first stage is the growing and
harvesting of sugar cane, and the other is the initial treatment of
the raw materials and the use of heat to transform the liquid into
the solid sugar.
The first stage requires a period of around 12 – 18 months, which
is needed for the sugarcane to grow fully. When the sugarcane is
mature enough to harvest, this process could be undertaken
manually by farmers or automated machines before transporting
to the factory where sugarcane is made into sugar.
In the next stage, a harvested sugarcane, which contains a levels
of liquid content, undergoes a process of being crushed. The
machine applies a force that would help the sugarcane trees to
release the juice, which is then filtered by a funnel containing
limestone filter to seperate the impurities from the juice. In the
next process, the juice was evaporated by heat, which formed a
condensed liquid before spinning at a fast rate to helping the
sugar crystals to be released from the syrup in order for further
extraction. Then, these sugar crystals were finally dried and
cooled, which is the final product to provide for the market.
3. The diagram below shows the process
of making cheese. Summarise the
information by selecting and reporting
the main features and make
comparisons where relevant.
The picture prvides information about the production of
fermenting milk to make chese. Overall, the entire process can be
broken down into three main stages, including the treatment of
milk, the cougalation of its fat content, and the ripening that
fosters the maturity of this dairy products.
In the first stage, raw milk is mostly treated by a process of
pasteurization, which averts and removes harmful bacteria. The
pasteurized milk is then standardized and filtered before entering
the tank. For other traditional cheese-makers, they would bypass
these steps and let the milk into the tank directly. The milk is then
mixed with rennet, a form of enzyme, which help it coagulate. A
compound of microorganisms is added to this liquid to initiate the
fermention of process. After condensing process, the milk
undergoes of cutting process that takes place as a device turns
the milk into small cubes. These cubes are then stirred and
cooked before having the whey content drained.
The curds that already have the whey content removed are then
milled; after that, salt is added. At this step, a form of dairy
product known as cottage and cream cheese, while other forms of
cheese require further treatment. A process of pressing and
draining additional whey is undertaken after pouring into molds at
the former stage.
The cheses are then left to ferment further before they become
the final products that would be sold for comsumers.
