C h a p t e r - i f e Froces ses in Animals

Life Proca82 Pacess 8 that peom mainlenance Job in Livina oganems

eg. Nutriti om Respi ration,

,
CLrculaken/ Trans portation Excaettom ,

and nutientsou
NUTRITIONPocess ebtaining fbed (br energy repair
others.
Heteohophic - obtaining food from host (eg Lice- Eckopazuite
Autotsophic
Raxasiticdbtain 2ood and shelkes from body of Uving
PLasmodium -Endoprraste
Cus uta- Paraaitic
Saprozoic rdease ngymes on food, digest outside, it
plant)
absoxb nutients om body sustace eq
,
Fungi,Nushroom
LHolozeie ->enqul!-ood and digest iE in body using engymes(biocatolyat)
eq Amoeba, Humans.
Nutition in Humans Assimilotion Egesbion
Tngestierm Digetien] Absoptiom
Saliva Salivay omylase Digut sarch Ccarbelydrates)
Houth alivaxyglond
diqut psoteun
eesophagus Gumic Glands- Gastic Pepsin auidic medium,adivates pepsin,
Stomach Juce HC kills gens
Mucus protects stomadh from Hcé.
E n z4mu onvet Psotein inb Anmino Acid
Small . .
Tnteutinal Glands- teainal
lnjuice Cazbelydrols into Glucose
Tntouine
Fats intofatty Aid + Glyuol
longer in Bilejuice Bile
Salts Alkaiine medivm
Lives
Herbivores Emulsificotion of fals ve
Small Fatalobuls)
smallerin
Ca0nivores
(langefat globuls
Cbecause meat
Panouas
Pancseatic TsHpsin- Diges Protan
easy to digest ) Tuuce Lipase Digest Fot
Absorptin
intetine >
Ringer ike
vilu absovb nutrienTs in blood(by invaasug suau anea)
Small absorb water
inteatine vili »

Lange
Assimilation &f nutients Nid

anus
food
uuaud thaough
Egwtion Undiguoted
Oa) to alease envqy in cells
Reapiraten 8reaking down qluucosetin poesence/absence of
Anaapbic CO2t H0t Enetgy (Aesobic)
Aercbic obsene of O2 Guose2Pruvate laukic Acid + Enegy (Anawwbie in Husde
pHLs en of l s enwgy prduced Causes mus cle cll)
more eningy crampS
In 4koplam H5OH+
CEthan) COt Eneay
In cuboplas
kmitoahondria
In Veoat/Baderia (Anavrcbic in
In Plails
Animals
6r Muscde duxing Yeast)
wigoous exewise
tlso kncm as
exchonge in Lungs>
Alveol
Tementatim.
Site of auepu caiülagenous vings
Proteci wind pípe fom ollapsing-
Residual Air ungs
in
Lungs fiom colapsing
Prewenty waste fiom body
Removal of haamful nitrogenous
Exoetiom: vaine
and foxm
Okidnys-filter'blood
U r e t e r - casnes vaine

QUinany
Bladdo- stoses
vrine
udine
alleaing
duet
rellosRS Dut
@Unetha
-

nephrwns. Bowman capsule

Kidneya a s e made of Renal tubule lid

Glomerulus
(bunch of capillaies&
in Bowmau capoula) Nephhon
 Process of Uaine Poomation: Filtsakon takes place when bepd powa tsuugh glome nsus
Filtrate colleis n Bouwm on's copsule
ca
Reabsoplion ef useul quucose,Amino Acida, alh and voe fenn {ittaads s erios tubude
Urine in collectlnq duct
coUeds
d
Trons poMaien/Crculgoau System
co mpma e3:
Bloocd vessols Blbed>Plaarnt o))a
Heatb h (2 chambeu)
Artexy.oxygandted blood
Amphibian /Reptile (3 chambeu)
Bisda/Mammals (4 chanbeu)
noalves
hick wnll, nntn Inblet
Vein
desp9eptd
deoxugenated blod Hameglnhin hlnsd
2venticle coMy
2 Ahium +
OXYgenated blood valvespresent theting
Left side
deoxygenaiud blood
thin wall Oyhara qnhn
Right side 9upial

oxaenated and
Sepanadion of"blood Capillary- 3mallest veuse)
coxhorimohornoglobir
allows bether
deoxygenated
Supply of On to cells more enungy
LXite of exchangr tymph-Ts1ve fd
can mainfaun body temberatu of O2 nutrierta,waste Lpsknga of plosna, ms prttors
between, blood. cell ardeoll tnto tisue a
Double circulotien Blocd pases
-

haugh heast twice duin9

forn apilany uiols
eL cirulation though body Valvesprevent bachlon Funig obsopien of fot
of blood drvon estro. aaus fbid
Heastaungs Hea into bleod
CRighE s
Jsido)
sedy
Life ProceAsa in Planti
Reapiroiion Ausbic
Nutriti on- Autotoophie pupas lood by photosynHuais
6COg+12 Ha sunliaht t E02 +6H,0 GosDus exhange thnugh stomata
chlevephal ,chloroplait
aker Guose OxHgan okr Pores m
Carbn
dibxide Produd Buproduct Stomotol teo
R a w matuial Pere pcre 3u
VGurd cll. CLOSED
Chloropkyl pherehl un chlonplausts. OPEN
Thae steps ) liaht absorbed by chlarophyll Mechanism a stomatl opening dosih
ight Enesay>Chemical Enegy Guand absorb H,0 Guand ull Pore opers
cll Swell up
H0 Hat O2
3) CO2 edued to Glucose. Guosd
col
lose H0>Gquond ull
Shink
Pore clese
Transpotation in Plants Fundion of stomata gaseous erchange.
Rootteaues Xylem bransplration ti.e loss
.waker
(unidiredtional of H0 0s vapeuu hem lea
2 Minena trapertupwands

LeavuRoot+Shoor, pu Sua
8. Gucos e
Exoretion in PRonts
Phetosynthat (bidivedivnal
tranapert) upwasds
k downuard
o Gastou wate-tsugh stomata
TonporinXylerm Excuss water- tyanapiration
ORoot PHessure Absooplion of ions and water wastes stored in cells (ttad) plant
wotér upwnds tn xylemn
in roots puahes Storec in leaus which all
Actiue at night suckud, up stored. in vaublesyall
Trarpiotional pul!- Waker (in xulem)
dun to tranupiraion Stored as Hexn,gums
Ackive duwing day exuted. directy in soel
au tranalocation
Trauport un Phleem- u knom.
3unose pumped by lea ulu mto phloem Tronspiration 9inilicana
waker from xylem enteu phloem. loss of exun wakr (Exoudion)
dade Pressuae InOUADa in Phloem. Suction to ansped waler *
pull
Phleem. sap moves to pasda with les waterpoMuu nutnunts. In xylem
tempeahvu angulalien (ooluna