Re Coupled AmplibeY

ohen only one toangistor is use in the ciscut

to amplty a loeak signa, the ciru is knoon al
Sig stage tsaneis tor Amplifie oy RC Couplad
Amp li kes
Al omost all amp Rers use Vo ltage divier biaging
ascit, simple and psovdea good stabilizd
t s
son o the opeaating Ppot.
L this ciscuit is to ampety Ae Voltagesome
n a Vo
jpononts has to be added
oBe com
mose

divialer biasing eseuit

Vec
1
Re

Ro Vo
+
R2

Gene sal theoy

LOpsleg in
F.B e3 junctn R. B
Emitten juocen is
contgeaion ìs uled ha
 Couplng Capaitos (c). de in e
capactor (blak
p couping stele to cothe
Passel ac cigma! Room
de
do e no+ allovo da
votag es to pas teough+hoogh.
t ng
Also called caup2 capautor
p coupling capautor
Components n the a

(C) e Emtte Reeistor (Re)

ByPass Capa etoY
Re ’ For thermal etabilizadenvanan)
.

tempeiatue
Cto aoyust
unisa t
slung
componenti gehented
CE’Bypass Ac Aoouod
thesmal stabilizatien to
Select lo cE value
adoag
(.Xee < RE)
R, ) R2 e Re (Biasing iscuit)
vo Hage clvidle biasing ascut fo
Fos ms
Ampli&e
Setsi opeatngprt

Ip the design is not popes, elppig of

the p sgnal
ot

coill hswe 186 phase shift. oth ip

Phase. Reveised.and
it oil be amplBe
 Fsequeny Res ponse
wd Psegueny lemoune conctat
Av
’howel cut-Pp
o.707A/

a ’Uppe ct-off
prequeoey
hoo teqeoy
High feeqeny (ohan gain it
LA )

s he Amplihe

Response Cusve Intems o P Decbel

Foeen (B)
* dB ’hogauthmicmeatu
Av Temet
Cde).
tn dB
-8dB
Av

Pores Gan in dB - log (Ap)

Pìn
dB aon is +Ve
Av >)
is -Ve .
Av e ) dB
amplieation and
+Ve e, -ve of B indicot e
ottenuatlen

Ay Cd e) = Qo loa( loo)

3740

40 -37 = 3 AB
 lled 3dB tse que neie,
So, a ase also ca
ePesed
t and +he baeoid th is
bandoiel th

Ac hoad lione
also ddedo
Componends psom biay
the c Tcut; +he @pnt oi move
follooinganethet txend eine hch
paot
lPfea coith Reaua ney change ealled kea load
sb
staighnt eine oith
Ae load eine ls
ega! te Ae lonmpedanca clppeeent Arom De
bione au devica eohich is
Yesistance.
seacolve compnens Vany
As the lempedance ef dependy
slepe p Ae load line
orth fea,erey,
ed signal
freaued.
many Ae load lines that vany Aon
These ase
pe load ene, al haw ing a c o men lntersechoa
ot De opeladng poot
De
loadene

Ves
 BTT a Q por Netoosk
Small cigol analyi
weimg fmal
hgbnd-p modl
Pest) Post2
Toanl gto (ofppont)
tYpor

A toangistoY can be tseoted cg pot netoork

selected ou iondap enderd vasiables

can be selected
Te maimng Q can be enpsessed in tesms of
these iondependend vanables
h-pala me tess os hygbaid
pasametey
9, = hu i t hiaey) hnhi 2, hos hea
ho + haa2 ’ ) hpaamefeu
hi
(Ip iapeddne)
|hu 91
Foroud
he (Reves.seqain
Vo

hi=
hai
ha =

he (./, admittanc)

hu /e impedane oith þort S/e

ha olp d mittana coih p post oe
hie RevesSe Vyon eoth Vp
bo fososd curserd galn oth p Post
hal
Nottasion

’ f o s o c u dtaante
toransfe
1Q’ RevesLe

= huii +h e heli + ho2,

= hi tË + ho 29

Basie hy bsid oel

hi 2

ho
Vi hr

Hyboid Model of cE Cenkqe ation

hie
ib

Ve Vb hoe e
hpeb
J
V =hie b t hse 19e
Le hee lb t hoe e

le
W
hgbt
Ve Ve
Ve |bp'e hob

t e a he ie +hob c
 B¢T Hbrid n model
’ cescit amodel wsed fos analyzing &mal
aibeawiou o BIT. PET.
signal
To analyecomplieated cisuit
Aceurate tor le o-freany areuit, lo we
fos some urits

rVte.

Vee
gmbe
Bae-ette
Yeista
Do

ST = be
|tvanscenducóone) 19be

oitk Bypass Capactor

CE Amylies
bnd
RI Steps to convet to hy
r roodel ,(small sighal
H md-freaenuy).
RL
R ) Short cireit all
bypaji 4 coupli ngaapa
RE. atoor ole ll JuDciag
V
capaator
supply. Con ne ct
o) Renmove ettesnal powa
that noda to goound
 1
Re Vo

Ri(zi) Rolzo).
Equvaletro circt
Pasametess t detesmune
De Rin ) vo tage goun
coilhod Vs (A)
) Voltaga gan oith Vs (Ave)
). fp Resistance
S) curset goun Ai

R)
Vottoge gouin coithot Vs,
). Tout Rout =
Av
Vin
Vi
eRL)
gmCselI/ R

Ay z

Vo ltage gain oith consi desing vs V,

Avs Vout Vin Va x kin
Vs Rst Rim
Vin Ria
Vs Rs tRin

Ve V x Vn Vo
Vs Vs
 Ra
7Re
RL
Re/ R
eqmivaled Ac
ampl
iee&e cE circuit5
Re
Vkn
R
escuit!eauawalent Ac
R
-te-peak
Vo peak
Hage.
line lbo Ac
VeE Max. ’
TeMax
becan pejnts ce
rks) (ro oTh lie Amp
ctor. Capa Bypass
expre lesiverooale), t
Ai, Por ession
cmodel omid-
nad eig)Aymall (sfagueney ()
Av
Av
(
R Vim
Rin
Vot
X
VatVin
Rin
Rin RL
Vin Vot
Vous eussend
gou
Re//o Rod=
(Rout)Reistanu Outpt
+R«
Rim Run Ave
RintRs
Rin Av =Avs
 Re also oil

Ac
Ri
volt

Vee.+ Ie Yac

Ves = Veeq. +Vee(: capaa dos

aue shostes)
De wotog yottog
(3)
Ie = Ica + Le.
Pom c
Vee - La Bac

Put in Ca) c)

Iea)ac
Ves = VeeQ- Ie-
ohen îe=0
Qpant

NeE man,

Ohen VeE = O,

Max VeeQ =(Te-Tea)

Ves Vega +Ícaa
Le Jac

Yac
 Ammplifie oithoct Bypi Capactor
Vec
Re
R
1

Rs RE

Rs V VT
TRe
Rg
Vs
RE
Rot

lonpd Reiistanca Ri=

Ri =R/Ri'
mvro Re
Ri=
q
(1+ gmvT)
) RE)
=ib[Tr+

Re ()

(3
+(1+ gomT)Re

Ri = Re |/Ri Re / Tr t+(itp)Re
Votage gain(An) oithot Vs
)
Ay Vo goy Vr (Re/7R)
Vin
to simpliey
Negleet . foa
Vin = Ri'ib l)
Vn (Re R
Av
is x Ri)

(RettR
AN
Tn+Re(I+)
-QonR Re
2 BRE ) veysnal)

).
Wotage gn Av)
Vex R
Vi
&RstR
Avs z Vo Vo Vin
Vs Vjn

Avs Ay x
Vicn
Re
Ri
Cusent Gain

Iod = Vout A; = lout

R

Vie = Vet
R R
R
Vi
Ri

|Ai = Ay x Ri
R

Ai =-Re(Ki)
R.

the gmall eigna hybad pi modal of

Explaun neot sehe
tsangistos in the CE Contiguetn rth
Deive the exp reIsien for Vo tage n
matos
oithot bypas capacito
expsesion
moclelsobtain the
Using hyb nd imnpedaoa mid banol
p
fos ip impe dau,
vo ttage cçn ().
CE oih e mittey
Denve
Por mid Reeoy Tange
bpaused foe ng
heybnid T model hybnd pauamteu J cE
</e
Debne Small deteeie heis value Prom
Shoo ho
choaiteu tha
veietene, o/p eeistane
wging hytm'd
gaion % given civcet
 Fgh Frequeny Analysls y CE Ampl&e
& palametes i Voltage gouins Heaeny epong
imput iom pedaoee
Aceumpon:
capeato e by pru;
) short ascuit all coupling
capaator

Re

Cn ReRL
Ueing Milles's theorem,
is split
.4 =eu(I-Av)

Ay =
Vout
Vn VT Av

-gom tt (%|/Re)
Yr
o/Re)
Rs

VS CT

Re ein
 Ri = RB//Sn
Vo ffage goun Av Vo t Vout
Vs

Rs tRi/ochn
Ril/ Rin. Ri

Ri'oCin t|

Ri R g - t j R i R

| + ' o RiCin

Rs+ RI
(+óR,Gh

Ri tRi
Rs Cn
Rs +oRi

Vs Ri
Vin (Ri+Rs)+(1+(jORiRs
Ri+Rs

Vim Ru
Rs+ Ri
jo(RiR)in
Vs
Rocro/ Re
Vo ut

Vim VIT

gom sr (Ro l sic)

Vout
Vi
-
=-gm(Rol/joCaud
R/ Ros

Ro t

Ro
I+ jeoRslout

Vo
Via 1+jeoRo Cot
Vin Ri
Vs RitRs (+jeo(Ril/Rs) Cin
Ro Ri
Vin

Ays AM
((+Jio Ro Cout)(+ jo (Ri //R) Cin
am RRi
Ri+Rs
Voltage gain iontermy 1,, fequeny
Ay
Avs
(1+jeoRe Cout)(1+ Jo(RillR)cn )

- i+J( )
(RIR) Cim
Ptct - ofoPf feaeny
eaeny idtwodued by is cap actae
| t jeo Ro Cot I+jrfRo Cout
= l+j(e)
1
T Ro Cout

eapaitane

Avs Am

yelall ct-of Pseeey

J(e)*+