PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

College of Law

PERSONS AND FAMILY RELATIONS

COURSE SYLLABUS
st
1 Semester, AY 2024-2025

I. INTRODUCTION

II. EFFECT AND APPLICATION OF LAWS (NCC Arts. 1 – 18)

A. Effectivity of Laws NCC Art. 2

Tañada v. Tuvera, G.R. No. L-63915, April 24, 1985

Fariñas v. The Executive Secretary, 417 SCRA 503
(2003)
La Bugal-B’laan Tribal Association, Inc. v. Ramos, 421 SCRA 148 (2004)
Comm. of Customs v. Hypermix, G.R. No. 179579, February 1, 2012

B. Ignorance of the law NCC Art. 3

Kasilag v. Rodriguez, G.R. No. 46623, December 7, 1939

D.M. Consunji, Inc. v. CA, 357 SCRA 249 (2001)

C. Retroactivity of laws NCC Art. 4

Ortigas & Co., Ltd. V. CA, 346 SCRA 748 (2000)

Simon v. Chan, G.R. No. 157547, February 23, 2011

D. Mandatory or Prohibitory Laws NCC Art. 5 with NCC Art. 17 (3)

Nerwin v. PNOC, G.R. No. 167057, April 11, 2012

E. Waiver of rights NCC Arts. 6 & 2035

Aujero v. PhilComSat, G.R. No. 193484, January 18,

2012 Dona Adela v. Tidcorp, G.R. No. 201931, February
11, 2015

F. Repeal of laws NCC Art. 7 cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XVIII Sec. 3

G. Judicial Decisions NCC Art. 8

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 Pesca v. Pesca, G.R. No. 136921, April 17, 2001

H. Duty to render judgment NCC Arts. 9 & 10; RPC Art. 5

I. Presumption and Applicability of Custom NCC Arts. 11 - 12

cf. 1987 Constitution, Art. XII Sec. 5
Rules of Court (ROC), Rule 129,
Secs. 2 & 3

Martinez v. Van Buskirk, G.R. No. L-5691, December 27, 1910

J. Legal periods NCC Art. 13 cf. ROC Rule 22; RAC Sec. 31

CIR v. Primetown, G.R. 162155, August 28, 2007

K. Applicability of Penal Laws NCC Art. 14, 17(3); RPC Art. 2

L. Binding effect NCC Art. 15 cf. FC Art. 26, par. 2

Van Dorn v. Romillo, Jr., 139 SCRA 139 (1985)

Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014

M. Testamentary Succession NCC Art.16

Testate Estate of Amos Bellis, Bellis v. Bellis, G.R. No. L-23678, June 6, 1967
Del Socorro v. Van Wilsem, G.R. No. 193707, December 10, 2014

N. Principle of Lex Loci Celebrationis NCC Art. 17

O. Suppletory Application NCC Art. 18

III. HUMAN RELATIONS NCC Arts.19-22

Globe Mackay Cable and Radio Corp. V. CA, 76 SCRA 778 (1989)
Hermosisima v. Court of Appeals, 109 Phil 634
Pe v. Pe, 115 Phil 186
Nikko Manila Hotel et.al v. Roberto Reyes, G.R. No. 15429, February 25, 2005
Pacis v. Morales, G.R. No. 169467, February 25, 2010

IV. PERSONS & PERSONALITY

A. The concept of a ‘person’ and ‘personality’ NCC Arts. 37 - 39

B. Commencement and termination of personality

1. Natural Persons

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 (a) Birth NCC Arts. 40 - 41
1987 Constitution, Art. II Sec. 12
P.D. No. 603 [Child and Youth Welfare Code], Art. 5
FC Art. 164; RPC Arts. 256 - 259

Geluz v. CA, G.R. No. L-16439, July 20, 1961

Continental Steel v. Montano, G.R. No. 182836, October 13, 2009

(b) Death NCC Art. 42

Limjoco v. Intestate Estate of Pedro Fragante, G.R. No. L-770, April 27, 1948

NCC Art. 43
ROC, Rule 131 Sec. 3 (jj)-(kk) (1989 Rev. Rules on Evidence)

Joaquin v. Navarro, G.R. No. L-5426, May 29, 1953

2. Juridical Persons NCC Arts. 44-47

Batas Pambansa Blg. 68, Secs. 2, 4, 17
NCC Art. 1767-1768

C. Restrictions on civil capacity

1. Presumption of capacity, NCC Art. 37

Catalan v. Basa, G.R. No. 159567, July 31, 2007

2. Restrictions on capacity to act NCC Arts. 38 – 39

cf. NCC Art. 1327

(a) Minority

1. Age of majority, R.A. No. 6809

2. A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC Rules on Guardianship
3. Suffrage, Sec. 1 Art. V 1987 Constitution [cf. Sangguniang Kabataan]
4. Marriage FC Art. 5, 45 (1); cf. R.A. No. 6809
5. Contracts NCC Arts. 1327, 1390 (par. 1), 1397-1399,
1403 (par. 3), 1489; 1426 - 1427

Mercado v. Espiritu, G.R. No. L-11872, December 1, 1917

6. Criminal liability RPC Art. 12 (2) - (3), 13 (2)

P.D. No. 603 Secs. 189 – 204
Also see: ROC Rule 3, Section 5
R.A. No. 9344, Secs. 6 & 7

Atizado v. People, G.R. No. 173822, October 13, 2010

(b) Insanity 1. Marriage, FC Art. 45 (2)

2. Contracts, NCC Arts. 1327 (1), 1328

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 3. Criminal liability, RPC Art. 12 (1) &
ROC, Rule 101

Crewlink v. Teringtering, G.R. No. 166803, October 14, 2012

(c) Deaf-Mutism, NCC Arts. 1327 (2), 807 & 820

(d) Prodigality, ROC, Rule 92, Sec. 2
(e) Civil Interdiction, RPC Arts. 31, 34, 41
(f) Family Relations FC Arts. 150-151; cf. FC Arts. 87, 37, 38
NCC Art. 1490 & 2035
cf. NCC Arts. 963-967

(g) Alienage, cf. Art. IV, Secs. 1-5, 1987 Constitution

Cordora v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 176947, February 19, 2009

(h) Absence, NCC Arts. 381 – 396, FC Art. 41

(i) Insolvency and Trusteeship, NCC Arts. 1381, 1491, 2236
(j) Gender, Art. II, Sec. 14, 1987 Constitution; cf. NCC Art. 403
(k) Physical Incapacity/Disease, FC Arts. 45(5), 45(6), 46; NCC Art. 820

D. Domicile and residence of persons

1. Juridical persons NCC Art. 51

2. Natural persons NCC Art. 50 ; FC Arts. 68-69

cf. NCC Art. 110
cf. FC Arts. 55, 101, 149, 152, 101

Romualdez-Marcos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 119976, September 18, 1995

Jalosjos v. COMELEC, G.R. No. 191970, April 24, 2012

IV. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAMILY CODE

A. Effect and Retroactivity E.O. No. 209, as amended by E.O. No. 227
R.A. No. 6809, R.A. No. 7610
FC Art. 256, cf. FC Art. 36 in rel. to 39 FC Arts. 105,
162 & 257

B. Repeal/Amendment FC Arts. 254, 255

V. MARRIAGE & PERSONAL RELATIONS BETWEEN SPOUSES

A. The concept of “marriage” FC Art. 1 cf. NCC Art. 52, FC Art. 149
Art II Sec. 12, 1987 Constitution
Art. XV Sec. 2, 1987 Constitution

B. Nature of marriage in Philippine law FC Art. 1

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 cf. ROC, Rule 131 Sec. 3 (aa)
NCC Art. 220
P.D. No. 1083, Sec. 14
C. Agreements prior to marriage

1. Stipulations in marriage FC Art. 1 cf. NCC Art. 221

Espinosa v. Atty. Omaña, A.C. No. 9081, October 12, 2011

2. Breach of promise to marry NCC Arts. 19 - 21; NCC Art. 2176

NCC Art. 1403 2(c); FC Art. 22

Hermosisima v. CA, 109 Phil 629

Wassmer v. Velez, 12 SCRA 648

D. Requisites for a valid marriage

Mariategui v. CA, G.R. No. L-57062, January 24, 1992

1. Kinds of requisites & effects of non-compliance FC Arts. 2-5; 35; 45

cf. NCC Art. 53
RPC Arts. 350-351

De Mijares v. Villaluz, A.C. No. 4431, June 19, 1997

2. Essential requisites

(a) Legal Capacity

(i) Gender FC Art. 2 (1) cf. FC Art. 148

Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007

(ii) Age FC Arts. 5; 35 (1); R.A. No. 6809 cf. FC Art. 21

NCC Arts. 54 & 80 (1); RPC Art. 344
cf. DOJ Opinion 145 S.1991 (Oct. 1991)

(iii) Absence of impediment FC Arts. 5 & 35

Garcia v. Recio, G.R. No. 138322, October 02, 2001

Te v. Choa, G.R. No. 126446, Nov. 29, 2000
Nollora v. People, G.R. No. 191425, September 7, 2011
Avenido v. Avenido, G.R. No. 173540, January 22, 2014

3. Parental consent FC Arts. 14 & 45 (1)

4. Consent freely given by both spouses

(a) Mistake as to identity FC Art. 35 (5); NCC Art. 86 (1)

(b) Effect of insanity FC Art. 45 (2)

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 (c) Effect of fraud FC Art. 45 (3) & 46
NCC Arts. 1338–134

Anaya v. Palaroan, G.R. No. L-27930, Nov. 26, 1970

(d) Effect of force, intimidation and undue

influence FC Art. 45 (4); NCC Arts.1335-1337

Villanueva v. CA, 505 SCRA 564

(e). Effect of physical incapacity/impotence FC Art. 45 (5)

Jimenez v. Cañizares, 109 Phil 27

Alcazar v. Alcazar, G.R. No. 174451, Oct. 13, 2009

(f) Effect of affliction with STD, FC Arts. 45 (6); 46 (3)

5. Formal Requisites –

(a) Marriage license

Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 103047, September 2, 1994

Sy v. CA, G.R. No. 127263, April 12, 2000
Alcantara v. Alcantara, G.R. No. 167746, Aug. 28, 2007
De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016

6. Marriages exempt from license requirement FC Arts. 27-34

cf. NCC, Art. 76
P.D. No. 1083

Niñal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, Mar. 14, 2000

De Castro v. De Castro, G.R. No. 160172, February 13, 2008
Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581/179474, March 28, 2008

(b) Authority of the solemnizing officer

1. Who are authorized FC Arts. 7, 10, 31 & 32

NCC Arts. 56, 74, 76

Keufffers v. Judge Murcia, A.M. No. MTJ-15-1860, April 3, 2018

2. How authorized FC Art. 7 (2) cf. NCC Arts. 92-96

Villar v. Paraiso, 96 Phil 659

3. Effect of absence of authority FC Arts. 4, 35 (2);

RPC Art. 352

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 4. Duties of the solemnizing officer, FC Arts. 23-24

5. Effect of irregularity, FC Art. 4

(c) Marriage Ceremony

1. Form of ceremony, FC Arts. 3 (3); 6 cf. FC Arts. 33; 8

Martinez v. Tan, 12 Phil 731

Morigo v. People, G.R. No. 145226, Feb. 06, 2004

2. Place for ceremony, FC Arts. 8; 28-29; 32-33

3. Issuance of marriage certificate, FC Arts. 6; 22-23

Madridejo v. De Leon, 55 Phil 1

People v. Borromeo, 133 SCRA 106

E. Law governing validity of marriages abroad

1. General rule in contracts

(a) As to form, NCC Arts. 17 (1) and (2)

(b) As to substantive requirements, NCC Arts. 15 & 17 (3)

2. Special rule in marriage

(a) lex loci celebrationis, FC Arts. 26, 21, 10

Republic v. Orbecido III, G.R. No. 154380, October 5, 2005

Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Republic v. Manalo, G.R. No. 221029, April 24, 2018

(b) Exceptions FC Art. 26 in relation to

FC Arts. 35(1), 35(4), 35(5-6), 36 to 38
cf. NCC 71
DOJ Opinion No. 11 S. 1990 (Jan. 17, 1990)

F. Common-law marriages/ ‘live-in’ relationships FC Art. 147 & 148

Eugenio v. Velez, G.R. No. 85140, May 17, 1990

Estrada v. Escritor, A.M. No. P-02-1651, August 4, 2003

G. Void Marriages

General rule, FC Art. 4

1. Kinds of void marriages

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(a) Absence of requisites cf. VII (D) of Outline
FC Art. 35 cf. FC Art. 234, R.A. No. 6809

Republic v. Dayot, G.R. No. 175581, March 28, 2008

Abbas v. Abbas, G.R. No. 183896, January 30, 2013
Kho v. Republic, G.R. No. 187462, June 1, 2016

(b) Bigamous and polygamous marriages, FC Art. 35(4), 39, 40, 41, 44
RPC Arts. 344, 349

Cariño vs. Cariño 351 SCRA 127

Mercado v. Tan, 337 SCRA 122
Bobis v. Bobis, G.R. No. 139509, July 31, 2000
Ty v. CA, G.R. No.127406, Nov. 27, 2000
Morigo v. Morigo, 422 SCRA
Teves v. People, G.R. No. 188775, August 24, 2011

(c) Subsequent marriage, upon reappearance of absent spouse FC Art. 41 in

relation to FC Arts. 42-44, NCC Arts. 390-391, FC Art. 55 (9), FC Art. 101

Republic v. Nolasco, 220 SCRA 20, March 17, 1993

Republic v. Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, Dec. 10, 2013
Republic v. Hon. Estrada, G.R. No. 214792, March 18, 2015
Republic v. Granada, G.R. No. 187512, June 13, 2012

(d) Bad faith of both spouses, under FC Art. 44

(e) Psychological incapacity under FC Arts. 36, 39, 68-73, R.A. No. 8533

Santos v. CA, G.R. No. 112019, January 04, 1995

Chi Ming Tsoi v. CA, G.R. No. 119190, January 16, 1997
Republic v. Molina, G.R. No. 108763 February 13, 1997
Hernandez v. Court of Appeals, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999
Marcos v. Marcos, 343 SCRA 755, October 19, 2000
Republic v. Dagdag, 351 SCRA 425
Republic v. Quintero-Hamano, G.R. No. 149498, May 20, 2004
Antonio v. Reyes, G.R. No. 155800, March 10, 2005
Republic v. Tanyag-San Jose, 517 SCRA 123, February 6, 2007
Almelor v. RTC-Las Pinas, G.R. No. 179620, Aug. 26, 2008
Te v. Te, G.R. No. 161793, February 13, 2009
Azcueta v. Republic, G.R. No. 180668, May 26, 2009
Halili v. Halili, G.R. No. 165424, June 9, 2009
Najera v. Najera, G.R. No. 164817, July 3, 2009
Camacho-Reyes v. Reyes, G.R. No. 185286, Aug. 18, 2010
Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
Kalaw v. Fernanez, G.R. No. 166357, January 14, 2015
Mendoza v. Republic, G.R. No. 157649, November 12, 2012
Republic v. De Gracia, G.R. No. 171557, February 12, 2014
Vinas v. Parel-Vinas, G.R. No. 208790, January 21, 2015

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 Singson v. Singson, G.R. No. 210766, January 08, 2018

(f) Incestuous marriages FC Art. 37 cf. NCC Arts. 963-967

(g) Marriages against public policy

FC Art. 38, compare FC Art. 38(6) with NCC Art. 80(6)

RPC Art. 246; NCC Arts. 80(7), 82; NCC Arts. 963-967

(h) Non-compliance under FC Arts. 53, 52, Sec. 21, 22 and 23, A.M. No. 02-11-
10-SC, March 4, 2003

2. Who can invoke nullity FC Arts. 36, 39-40

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, Sec. 2, Mar. 4, 2003

Niñal v. Bayadog, G.R. No. 133778, March 14, 2000

Catalan v. Court of Appeals, 514 SCRA 607, February 6, 2007

3. When to file action for declaration of nullity

FC Art. 39 in relation to FC Arts. 255, 256; 42, par. 2

4. Procedure in actions for declaration of nullity

a. Requisite for valid remarriage

b. Safeguards against collusion, FC Art. 48

Ancheta v. Ancheta, 424 SCRA 725

Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
Yuk Ling Ong v. CA, G.R. No. 206653, February 25, 2015

c. No confession of judgment, FC Art. 48; cf. NCC Art. 2035

d. A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

Jocson v. Robles, 22 SCRA 521

Tolentino v. Villanueva, 56 SCRA 1

e. Participation of the Office of the Solicitor General

Mendoza v. Republic, G.R. No. 157649, November 12, 2012

f. No Motion to Dismiss

Aurelio v. Aurelio, G.R. No. 175367, June 6, 2011

5. Effects of pendency of action for declaration of nullity, Art. 49, 198, 50 (2)

Pulido v. People, G.R. No. 220149, July 27, 2021

6. Effects of res judicata

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 7. Effects of final judgment declaring nullity

Valdes v. QC-RTC, G.R. No. 122749, July 31, 1996

Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
Yasin v. Shari'a, G.R. No. 94986, February 23, 1995
Bar Matter No. 1625 – “Petition to Use Maiden Name in Petition
to Take the 2006 Bar Examinations, Josephine P. Uy-Timosa”
Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 2010
Heirs of Go v. Servacio, G.R. No. 157537, September 7, 2011

H. Voidable Marriages

1. Void v. voidable marriages, FC Art. 4 cf. Art. 45

2. Grounds for annulment

Hernandez v. CA, 320 SCRA 76, December 08, 1999

Buccat v. Buccat, 72 Phil 49
Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008
Ruiz v. Atienza, 40 O.G. 1903
Villanueva v. CA, 505 SCRA 564
Jimenez v. Cañizares, 109 Phil 273
Republic v. Albios, G.R. No. 198780, October 16, 2013

3. Who can seek annulment FC Art. 47

A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003, Section 3

4. When to seek annulment FC Art. 47, NCC Art. 1149

5. Procedure in actions for annulment FC Art. 48; A.M. No. 02-11-10-SC, March 4, 2003

Barcelona v. CA, G. R. No. 130087, September 24, 2003

6. Effects of pendency of action for annulment FC Arts. 49, 213

A.M. No. 02-11-12-SC, Mar 4, 2003

7. Effects of annulment, FC Arts. 50-54, 43, 102, 129, 213

Chan-Tan v. Chan, G.R. No. 167139, Feb. 25, 2010

Buenaventura v. CA, G.R. No. 127358, March 31, 2005
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 183622, July 4, 2012
Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011
Yasin v. Shari'a, G.R. No. 94986, February 23, 1995
Bar Matter No. 1625 – Josephine P. Uy-Timosa
Remo v. DFA, G.R. No. 169202, March 05, 2010

I. Marriages dissolved by a foreign judgment NCC Arts. 15, 17 (3) FC Art. 26 (2)

Republic v. Orbecido, G.R. No. 154380, Oct. 5, 2005

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 San Luis v. San Luis, G.R. No. 133743, Feb. 2, 2007
Amor-Catalan v. CA, G.R. No. 167109, Feb. 6, 2007
Corpus v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No. 186571, August 11, 2010
Llave v. Republic, G.R. No. 169766, March 30, 2011
Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013
Lavadia v. Heirs of Luna, G.R. No. 171914, July 23, 2014

J. Marriages giving rise to criminal liability FC Arts. 4, 16, 41, 168

NCC Art. 84
RPC Arts. 351-352
R. A. No. 10655

People v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 185843, March 3, 2010

VII. THE LAW ON SEPARATION OF THE SPOUSES

A. Concepts of separation & divorce

B. Concept of legal separation, compare with NCC Art. 97

1. Grounds for legal separation – Art. 55 FC; R.A. No. 9262, Sec. 19

A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003

Goitia v. Campos-Rueda, 35 Phil 252

Kalaw v. Fernandez, G.R. No. 166357, September 19, 2011
Republic v. Quintos, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012
Almelor v. RTC, G.R. No. 179620, August 26, 2008
Campos v. Campos, A.M. No. MTJ-10-1761, February 08, 2012

2. Who can ask for legal separation FC Art. 55, compare with NCC Art. 99

3. When may petition be filed FC Art. 57, compare with NCC Art. 102, 99

People v. Zapanta, 88 Phil 688 [L-3047, May 16, 1951]

4. Court procedure in legal separation FC Arts. 58-60;

Sec 19, R.A. No. 9262
A.M. No. 02-11-11-SC, March 4, 2003

Gandionco v. Peñaranda 155 SCRA 725

Pacete v. Cariaga, 231 SCRA 321

5. Effect of pendency of the petition

(a) cooling-off period, FC Art. 58

(b) right of consortium, FC Art. 61 par. 1
(c) administration of property, FC Art. 61 par. 2

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 (d) Support and custody pendente lite FC Art. 62 cf. FC Art. 49 & 198

Lerma v. CA, 61 SCRA 440

6. Defenses in actions for legal separation – FC Art. 56

(a) Consent FC Art. 56(2); NCC Art. 100

People v. Sensano, 50 Phil 73

People v. Schneckenberger, 73 Phil 413

(b) Condonation FC Art. 56(1)

Ginez v. Bugayong, 100 Phil 616

(c) Recrimination FC Art. 56(4)

Brown v. Yambao, 102 Phil 168

(d) Collusion/Mutual Consent FC Art. 60

FC Art. 56(3), (5) compare with NCC Art. 101 and
221(3)

Ocampo v. Florenciano, 107 Phil 35

Republic v. CA, G.R. No. 159594, November 12, 2012

7. Effects of decree of legal separation

Matute v. Macadaeg, 99 Phil 340, May 30, 1956

Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012
Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

VIII. RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF SPOUSES

A. Obligation to love each other, FC Art. 68; cf. NCC Arts. 113-114
B. Obligation to live with the other spouse
C. Joint management of family life FC Arts. 71, 94 (last par.), 121 (last par.), 122, 146
D. Joint Obligation to Support FC Arts. 70,194, 94 (1), 94 (last par.),
121, 122 (1), 146
Calderon v. Roxas, G.R. No. 185595, January 09, 2013

E. The right to exercise a profession or calling

F. Enforcement of Rights of Women and Children

IX. PROPERTY RELATIONS OF THE SPOUSES

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A. Requisites for validity of marriage settlements FC Arts. 75; 130 (3); 103 (3)

1. Prior to marriage: modifications

FC Art. 1; 76 (modifications after marriage)

FC Arts. 66, 67, 128, 135, 136

2. Form & registration requirement, FC Art. 77; NCC Arts. 1357, 1358, 709

3. Celebration of the marriage, FC Art. 81 cf. Art. 86 (1)

B. Parties to a marriage settlement

1. Who may enter into settlements

(a) minors, FC Art. 78

(b) persons under civil interdiction, NCC Art. 38, 39, FC Art. 79,
RPC Art. 34, FC Art. 135 (1)
(c) incapacitated persons, FC Art. 79, in rel. to NCC Arts. 38-39

2. Participation of parents/guardians – Art. 78

C. Which law governs property relations

1. Stipulation in marriage settlements, FC Art. 80

2. If both Filipinos
3. Mixed marriage between Filipino and alien
4. If both aliens
5. For property located outside Philippines

FC Art. 80 (2) and (3) in rel. to NCC Art. 16

FC Art. 80 (3) in rel. to NCC Art. 17 (1)

D. Donations propter nuptias

1. Definition, FC Art. 82

2. Form of Donations, FC Art. 83, NCC Arts. 748-749

Velasquez v. CA, G.R. No. 126996, February 15, 2000

Abobon v. Abobon, G.R. No. 155830, August 15, 2012
Valencia v. Locquiao, G.R. No. 122134, October 3, 2003
Doronio v. Heirs, G.R. No. 169454, December 27, 2007

3. Who may be donors – FC Art. 83

4. What may be donated by a spouse as donor

(a) Present Property, FC Art. 84

(b) Future Property, FC Art. 84; NCC Art. 761

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 (c) Encumbered Property, FC Art. 85
(d) Donations in the marriage settlements, FC Art. 81

5. Void donations by the spouses, FC Art. 87

(a) Donations during the marriage

Ching v. Goyanko, GR 165879, November 10, 2006

(b) Donations in common law marriages

Matabuena v. Cervantes, 38 SCRA 284

6. Revocation of donations propter nuptias, FC Arts. 81, 86(1)

(a) Revocation by donor, FC Art. 86; NCC Art. 765; FC Arts. 50; 43 (3)

(b) By operation of law, FC Art. 44; 61; 43 (3)

E. Absolute Community of Property (ACP)

1. When applicable, FC Arts. 75, 103 (3); 130 (3); 92 (3)

2. Commencement, FC Art. 88
3. Waiver during marriage, FC Art. 89 (1) cf. NCC Art. 168
4. Waiver after marriage, FC Art. 89 par. 2
5. Suppletory rules:
Co-ownership, FC Art. 90; of NCC Arts. 484-501

6. What constitutes ACP, FC Art. 91 Memorize!

(a) All property at time of marriage

(b) Property acquired subsequently
(c) Winnings from gambling, FC Art. 95 cf. NCC Art. 164
(d) Presumption of ACP, FC Art. 93 cf. NCC Art. 160

7. What is excluded from ACP, FC Arts. 92; 142

Muller v. Muller, G.R. No. 149615, August 29, 2006

Beumer v. Amores, G.R. No. 195670, December 3, 2012

8. Charges upon ACP, FC Art. 94

Luzon Surety Co., Inc. v. De Garcia, 30 SCRA 111

Gelano v. CA, 103 SCRA 90
G-Tractors, Inc. v. CA, 135 SCRA 192

(a) Family expenses cf. FC Arts. 100 (3), 121(5) and 94 (1), (4), (5)

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 Francisco v. Gonzales, G.R. No. 177667, September 17, 2008

(b) Debts of spouses, Art. 94 (2) and (3)

(c) Subsidiary liabilities, Art. 94 (9)

Buado v. CA, G.R. No. 145222, April 24, 2009

(d) Gambling losses, FC Art. 95

(e) Other charges, Art. 94

9. Ownership, FC Arts. 90, 96 in rel. to NCC Art. 206

10. Administration and enjoyment of ACP

(a) Joint Administration, FC Art. 96, 90

Yu Bun Guan v. Ong, 36 SCRA 559

(b) Sole administration

(1) incapacity, FC Art. 96 (2) – no court order

Uy v. CA, 346 SCRA 246

(2) separation in fact FC Art. 100 (3), 142 – with court

order, of separate property
(3) abandonment, FC Art. 101 – with court order
(4) pendency of legal separation proceeding, FC 61 – with court
order

(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC Arts. 96-98

Matthews v. Taylor, G.R. No. 164584, June 22, 2009

11. Effect of separation de facto, FC Art. 100; 101; cf. FC Art. 239

12. Effect of abandonment, FC Arts. 101, 72, 239 – damages,

rescission/nullity of a contract

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

13. Causes for dissolution of ACP, FC Art. 99

(a) Death, FC Art. 103 cf. Rule 73, Sec. 12 ROC

(b) Legal separation, FC Arts. 63(2); 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC Arts. 50 in rel.
to FC Arts. 43 (2), 147, 148
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC Art. 134-138

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 Ugalde v. Ysasi, G.R. No. 130623, February 29, 2008

14. Effects of dissolution

(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 102

Quiao v. Quiao, G.R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012

Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 198908, August 03, 2015

(b) For cause other than death, FC 43 (2); FC 63(2); 147; 148
(c) Termination due to death, FC 104

Buenaventura v. CA, G.R. No. 127358, March 31, 2005

Dino v. Dino, G.R. No. 178044, January 19, 2011
Yu v. Reyes-Carpio, G.R. No. 189207, June 15, 2011

15. For marriages before FC, FC 104 cf Art. 103 (3)

Delizo v. Delizo, 69 SCRA 216

16. Support during ACP liquidation

F. Conjugal Partnership of Gains

Belcodero v. CA, 227 SCRA 303

Sps. Estonina v. CA, G.R. No. 111547, January 27, 1997
Quiao v. Quiao, G. R. No. 176566, July 4, 2012
Orpiano v. Tomas, G.R. No. 178611, January 14, 2013

1. When CPG commences and applies

(a) Marriages under FC, FC 107 cf. FC 88, FC 89

(b) Marriages before FC, FC 105(2) of FC 256

Castro v. Miat, 397 SCRA 271

(c) When applicable, FC 105 of FC 74-76, 107, 88, 89

(d) Suppletory rules, FC 108 cf. NCC 1767-1768

2. What is included in the CPG, FC Art. 106, 117, 115, 118,

119, 120

Titan v. David, G.R. No. 169548, March 15, 2010

Lim v. Equitable PCI Bank, G.R. No. 183918, January 15, 2014

3. What is excluded from CPG, FC 109

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 (a) Brought as exclusive property, FC 109(1)

Laperal v. Katigbak, 10 SCRA 493

Francisco v. CA, G.R. No. 102330, November 25, 1998

(b) Acquired by gratuitous title during marriage,

FC 109 (2) of FC 113, FC 115

Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Berciles v. GSIS, 128 SCRA 53, cf. FC 115

(c) Acquired by redemption/exchange, FC 109(3), NCC

1601, 1619

Plata v. Yatco, 12 SCRA 718

(d) Purchased with exclusive money, FC 109(4); of FC

118-119

(e) Properties of parents

Laurena v. CA, G.R. No. 159220, September 22, 2008

4. Administration of exclusive property

(a) By the spouse-owner, FC 110

(b) By the other spouse, FC 110(2); FC 142, 75, 227

` Veloso v. Martinez, 28 Phil 255

Manotok Realty v. CA, 149 SCRA 372
Ong v. CA, 204 SCRA 297

5. Encumbrance/disposition of exclusive property

FC 111-112, of FC 236, amended by RA 6809
See R.A. No. 10572, amending FC 111

Wong et al. v. IAC 200 SCRA 792

6. What constitutes CPG

7. Charges upon and obligations of CPG, FC 121, 122

8. Ownership, administration and enjoyment

(a) Joint administration, FC 124 cf. FC 96, 142

Guiang v. CA, 291 SCRA 372

Alinas v. Alinas, G.R. No. 158040, April 14, 2008

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 Aggabao v. Parulan, G.R. No. 165803, September 1, 2010

(b) Sole administration

(1) Incapacity, FC 124, 127, 253

Uy v. CA, 346 SCRA 246 [G.R. No. 109557, Nov. 29, 2000]

(2) Separation in fact, FC 100 (3), 127(3)

(3) Abandonment, FC 101, 128
(4) Pendency of legal separation proceedings, FC 61

Sabalones v. CA, 230 SCRA 79

(c) Disposition and encumbrance, FC 124-125; FC 97,

121 (8), NCC 1145 (1)

Cheeseman v. IAC, 193 SCRA 93

Frenzel v. Catito, G.R. No. 143958, July 11, 2003
Ravina v. Villa-Abrille, G.R. No. 160708, October 16, 2009

9. Effect of separation de facto, FC 127, FC 100 cf. FC 239

Noveras v. Noveras, G.R. No. 188289, August 20, 2014

10. Effect of abandonment, FC 128 cf. FC 101

Partosa-Jo v. CA, G.R. No. 82606, December 18, 1992

11. Dissolution of CPG, FC 126

(a) Death, FC 126 (1), 130

(b) Legal separation, FC 63 (2), FC 66
(c) Annulment and declaration of nullity, FC 50 in relation to FC 43 (2)
(d) Judicial separation of property, FC 134-138

12. Effects of dissolution, FC 129

Tarrosa v. De Leon, G.R. No. 185063, July 23, 2009

Cabreza v. Cabreza, G.R. No. 171260, September 11, 2009

(a) Liquidation procedure, FC 129

(b) Cause other than death, FC 129; FC 43(2), FC 63(2)
(c) Termination due to death; FC 130, cf. FC 104

13. For marriages before FC, FC 131

14. Applicability of Rules of Court, FC 132

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 15. Support during CPG liquidation, FC 133

Santero v. CFI, 153 SCRA 728

G. Regime of separation of property

1. When applicable

(a) In the marriage settlements, FC 143-146

(b) When mandatory, FC 103 & FC 130
(c) Reconciliation in legal separation, FC 66(2)
(d) Judicial separation of property

2. Property covered, FC 144

3. Administration

(a) By the owner-spouse, FC 145

(b) By the other spouse, FC 142, 101
(c) FC 100 (3); 101

4. Family expenses, FC 146

5. Conveyances between the spouses, FC 87, NCC 149

H. Judicial separation of property

I. Property regime of unions without marriage FC 147, 148

X. FAMILY RELATIONS

A. What governs family relations, FC Art. 149

B. Effects of family relationship on legal disputes FC Arts. 150 - 151

NCC Art. 2035
ROC Rule 16 Sec. 1(j)
RPC Arts. 20, 247, 332

Tribiana v. Tribiana, G.R. No. 137359, Sept. 13, 2004

Hiyas Savings v. Acuña, G.R. No. 154132, August 31, 2006
Heirs of Favis, Sr. v. Gonzales, et al., G.R. No. 185922, Jan. 15 2014

C. The Family Home

XI. PATERNITY AND FILIATION

A. Concept of paternity, filiation and legitimacy, FC Art. 163

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B. Legitimate children, FC Art. 164 cf. FC Art. 165 in rel to NCC Arts. 256-257, 166, 167,
169, 168 in relation to Republic Act No. 10655, “An Act Repealing the Crime of Premature
Marriage under Article 351 Of Act No. 3815, otherwise known as The Revised Penal Code,”
March 2015

Angeles v. Maglaya, 469 SCRA 363

SSS v. Aguas, G.R. No. 165546, Feb. 27, 2006
Suntay v. Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, October 10, 2012

1. Who are considered legitimate children

(a) Conceived during marriage

(b) Born during marriage
(c) Conceived by artificial insemination cf. NCC Art. 40, FC Art. 164
(d) Adopted children
(e) Legitimated children

2. Rights of legitimate children, FC Arts. 173-174

NCC Arts. 364, 374, 376
NCC Arts. 888, 979

Moore v. Republic, 8 SCRA 282

Naldoza v. Republic, 112 SCRA 658
Republic v. CA, 300 SCRA 138
Heirs of Basbas v. Basbas, G.R. No. 188773, Sept. 10, 2014

C. Illegitimate children

1. Who are considered illegitimate

(a) under NCC

(b) under FC Art. 165

Uy v. Chua, G.R. No. 183965, September 18, 2009

2. Rights of illegitimate children, FC Arts. 173, 172, 175-176

Maramag v. De Guzman, G.R. No. 181132, June 5, 2009

Grande v. Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014

D. Action to impugn legitimacy

Reyes v. Mauricio, G.R. No. 175080, November 24, 2010

1. Grounds

Andal v. Macaraig, 89 Phil 165

Macadangdang v. CA, 100 SCRA 73
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011

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 (c.) FC Art. 166(3)

2. Effect of a mother’s declaration, FC Art. 167

Chua Keng Giap v. IAC, 158 SCRA 18

3. In subsequent marriages, FC Arts. 168, 169

People v. Quitoriano, G.R. No. 118852, Jan. 20, 1997

4. Presumptions, FC Arts. 170, 171

5. Prescription of action to impugn legitimacy

Gaspay v. CA, 238 SCRA 163

6. Who may impugn

Republic v. Magpayo, G.R. No. 189476, Feb. 2, 2011

E. Proof of Filiation

1. Of legitimate children, FC Arts. 172-173

Diaz v. Court of Appeals, 129 SCRA 621, June 22, 1984

Trinidad v. Court of Appeals, 289 SCRA 188, April 20, 1998
De Jesus v. Estate of Juan Gamboa Dizon, 366 SCRA 499
Aguilar v. Siasat, G.R. No. 200169, January 28, 2015

2. Of illegitimate children, FC Art. 175

Jison v. CA, 286 SCRA 495

Heirs of Gabatan v. CA, G.R. No. 150206, March 13, 2009
Dela Cruz, et. al. v. Gracia, G.R. No. 177728, July 31, 2009
Lucas v. Lucas, G.R. No. 190710, June 6, 2011
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012

1. Rights of illegitimate children, FC Art. 176 (as amended by R.A. No. 9255;
PSA AA No. 1, s. 2016)
3. Compulsory recognition, cf. RPC Arts. 345, 46, 59

People v. Abella, G.R. No. 177295, January 6, 2010

People v. Gersamio, G.R. No. 207098, July 08, 2015

F. Legitimated Children

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 1. Who may be legitimated, FC Art. 177, R.A. No. 9858
2. How legitimation takes place, FC Arts. 178, 180
3. Retroactivity and effects, FC Arts. 180-181
DOJ Opinion No. 106, s. 1991

4. Action to impugn legitimation, FC Art.182

5. Rights of legitimated children, FC Art. 179

XII. ADOPTION R.A. No. 8552 (Domestic Adoption Law)

R.A. No. 8043, “The Law on Inter-Country Adoption”
A.M. No. 02-6-02-S.C. Rule on Adoption (Aug. 22, 2002)

Lazatin v. Campos, 92 SCRA 250

Cervantes v. Fajardo, 169 SCRA 575
Bartolome v. SSS, G.R. No. 19253, Nov. 12, 2014
Oribello v. CA, G.R. No. 163504, Aug. 5, 2015

XIII. SUPPORT

Pelayo v. Lauron, 12 Phil 453

Rondina v. People, G.R. No. 179059, June 13, 2012
Gotardo v. Buling, G.R. No. 165166, August 15, 2012
Perla v. Baring, G.R. No. 172471, November 12, 2012

XIV. PARENTAL AUTHORITY & CUSTODY OF CHILDREN

A. Concept of parental authority

Medina v. Makabali, 27 SCRA 502, March 28, 1969

Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183, November 17, 1980
In the Matter of the Petition for Habeas Corpus Of Minor Shang Ko Vingson v.
Cabcaban, UDK No. 14817, January 13, 2014

B. Transfer of Parental Authority

Eslao v. Court of Appeals, 266 SCRA 317

C. Who exercises Parental Authority

Unson v. Navarro, 101 SCRA 183

Espiritu & Layug v. CA, G.R. No. 115640 (1995)
Santos Sr. v. C.A., G.R. No. 113054 (1995)
David v. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 82, November 16, 1995

D. Substitute Parental Authority

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 Vancil v. Belmes, 358 SCRA 707

E. Special PA

St. Mary’s Academy v. Carpitanos, G.R. No. 143363, Feb. 6, 2002

Child Learning Centre v. Tagario, G.R. No. 150920, Nov. 25, 2005

F. Filial privilege

Lee v. CA, G.R. No. 177861, July 13, 2010

G. Effects of PA over the child’s person,

Cuadra v. Monfort, 35 SCRA 160

Rosaldes vs. People, G.R. No. 173988, October 8, 2014

H. Effects of PA over the child’s property,

Hebron v. Loyola, G.R. No. 168960, July 5, 2010

I. Suspension or termination of PA

XV. EMANCIPATION

XVI. SUMMARY JUDICIAL PROCEEDINGS UNDER FC

XVII. CARE AND EDUCATION OF CHILDREN

XVIII. SURNAMES

NCC Arts. 364-380; R.A. No. 6085 – Regulating the use of aliases, August 4, 1969
R.A. No. 9255 “An Act Allowing Illegitimate Children to Use Surname of their Father”;
FC Art. 176

In Re: Petition for Change of Name, Julian Lin Carulasan Wang, G.R. No. 159966,
March 30, 2005

XIX. RULES GOVERNING PERSONS WHO ARE ABSENT

Reyes v. Alejandro, 141 SCRA 65

Eastern Shipping v. Lucero, 124 SCRA 425

XX. FUNERALS

Eugenio v. Velez, 185 SCRA 425

Valino v. Adriano, GR 182894, April 22, 2014

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XXI. ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL REGISTER NCC Arts. 407-413; ROC, Rule 108
R.A. No. 9048, as amended by R.A. No. 10172

Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007

Republic v. Cagandahan, G.R. No. 166676, Sept. 12, 2008

References:

Elmer T. Rabuya “Persons and Family Relations” 2021 Edition

Civil Code of the Philippines
Family Code of the Philippines
Rules of Court
R.A. 8552 – Domestic Adoption Act of 1998
R.A. 8043 – Inter-Country Adoption Act of 1995
R.A. 9048 – Correction of Entry in Civil Registry
R.A. 10172 – Clerical/Typographical Errors
Rules and Regulations Governing the Implementation of R.A. 10172

Prepared by:

Atty. JOHN HENRY N. TAMAYO

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