• Mensuration refers to the measuring of lengths (perimeters), areas and volumes of
plain and solid shapes. • It is usually divided into two, Mensuration of plain shapes and mensuration of solid shapes. 1. Mensuration of plain shapes • Plain shapes are figures that are given or drawn in 2 dimensions i.e. circles and polygons. • Mensuration of plain shapes is concerned with measuring perimeter and area. • Perimeter is the distance or the length right round a shape. • Area is the extent of a surface enclosed within a boundary.
Area and Perimeter of plain shapes
Rectangle
Breadth (𝑏) 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝑙 × 𝑏
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 2(𝑙 + 𝑏) Length (𝑙) Square
Side (𝑠) 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝑠 × 𝑠 = 𝑠 2
𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 4𝑠 Triangle 1 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝑏 × ℎ 2 1 Height (ℎ) Or 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 2 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 where 𝜃 is the angle between sides 𝑎 & 𝑏 Base (b) 𝑷𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 𝑠𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 Circle
Solutions (a) From ∆𝑂𝑋𝑍, OZ is the hypotenuse and OX is the adjacent side to the angle 45.5° Using CHA-SHO-TAO 𝑂𝑋 cos 45.5 = 9 9 cos 45.5 = 𝑂𝑋 (by cross multiplication) 𝑶𝑿 = 𝟔. 𝟑𝟏 (3𝑠𝑓) 𝜃 (b) 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 360 × 2𝜋𝑟
45.5 22 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑌𝑍 = ×2× ×9 360 7 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝑌𝑍 = 7.15 (c) The shaded region is a segment 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 – 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒍𝒆 𝜃 1 = × 𝜋𝑟 2 − 𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 360 2 45.5 22 1 = × × 92 − × 92 × sin 45.5 360 7 2 = 𝟑. 𝟐𝟗 Solutions (a) Minor arc has the acute angle 36° and the major arc has the reflex angle 324° (𝑖. 𝑒. 360 − 36) 𝑆𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 324: 36 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 = 𝟗: 𝟏 𝜃 (b) 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 360 × 𝜋𝑟 2
36 22 = × × 3.52 360 7 = 𝟏. 𝟐𝟑
2. Mensuration of solid shapes
• Solid shapes are figures that are given or drawn in 3 dimensions e.g. prisms • Mensuration of solid shapes is concerned with surface area and volume.
