Home Security System Group I
Home Security System Group I
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Tanjila Jahan
Comilla University
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COMILLA UNIVERSITY
SUPERVISED BY:
ALIMUL RAJEE
Lecturer
Department of ICT
SUBMITTED BY:(Group I)
Name ID
Tanjila Jahan 12009018
Masaid Ahmed 12009032
Jannatun Nawar Nazia 12009035
Md Sayem Muhaimin 12009037
Marfater Rahman 12009045
This is to certify that the project based laboratory report entitled ‘HOME SECURITY ALARM
SYSTEM’ submitted by Tanjila Jahan (12009018), Masaid Ahmed (12009032), Jannatun
Nawar Nazia (12009035), Md Sayem Muhaimin (12009037), Marfater Rahman (12009045)
studying B. Sc Engineering in INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
hassatisfactorily completed project in the semester - III during the academic year 2019 – 2020.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
It is great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our honourable CHAIRMAN MD. SAIFUR
RAHMAN, for giving the opportunity and platform with facilities in accomplishing the project
based laboratory report.
We express my sincere thanks to our project supervisor ALIMUL RAJEE for his novel association
of ideas, encouragement, appreciation andintellectual zeal which motivated us to venture this
project successfully.
We express our deep gratitude and affection to our parents who stood behind us in allour
endeavours.
Finally, it is pleased to acknowledge the indebtedness to all those who devoted themselves directly
or indirectly to make this project report success.
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ABSTRACT
This project deals with a model of laser security alarm system egign.Laser security systems used
to be difficult to istall and rarelyn available to anyone other rather than the suoer rich.Now there3
are are dozens of security systems on the market that utilize laser ans can effectively protect
everything from small apartmenrs and bussinesses to large areas of property.Most home laser
security systems consists of two parts: a basic alarm alarm unit and an infrared motion
detector.Laser based security system is a type of security and alarm system that uses laser light
and a light sensor.Why a laser to be used?It is known that a laser light goes through long distance
without any scattering effect (disturbing) and it is only visible at source and thje destination point
so it can be used as mediator between source and destination but to analysis the source a sensor is
need,here the use of LDR is applicable .Just analysis is not enough alerting should be general
alerting is sound effect so here buzzer act as alerting.Mak8ing use of this, a laser security system
is designed.Its working : There is a laser diode that generates the laser beam which continuously
strikes over the Light dependent resister sensors. When any person crosses the path, in inhibits
laser to reach LDR and the sensor generate a low which is read by controller to power on the
buzzer.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
CERTIFICATE …………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………..2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS……………………………………………………………………………………………….…………….3
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………..4
LIST OF FIGURES …………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………..7
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION:………………………………….……………………………………………………………….……………….8
1.1 PRINCIPLE:………………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….9
1.2 OBJECTIVES:………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….9
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW:……………………………………………………………………………………………………...….10
CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY: ....................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Working: .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM: ............................................................................................................ 13
3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: .......................................................................................................... 14
3.4 COMPONENTS REQUIRED:............................................................................................... 15
3.5 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION: ............................................................................................ 16
3.5.1. LASER: ...................................................................................................................... 16
3.5.2. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor): .............................................................................. 17
3.5.3. LED (Light Emitting Diode): ...................................................................................... 18
3.5.4. BUZZER: .................................................................................................................... 19
3.5.5. TRANSISTOR ............................................................................................................. 20
3.5.6. RESISTOR .................................................................................................................. 21
3.5.7. Capacitor .................................................................................................................. 22
3.5.8. BATTERY: .................................................................................................................. 23
3.5.9. BREADBOARD AND CONNECTING WIRES: ............................................................... 24
3.5.10. IC555 TIMER: .......................................................................................................... 25
3.5.11. POTENTIOMETER: .................................................................................................. 26
3.6. CIRCUIT DESIGN: ............................................................................................................. 27
3.7 MODEL CIRCUIT: .............................................................................................................. 28
CHAPTER 4
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ...................................................................................... 29
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4.1 ADVANTAGES: .................................................................................................................. 29
4.2 DISADVANTAGES: ............................................................................................................ 29
CHAPTER 5
RESULT AND DISCUSSION: ........................................................................................................ 30
CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION:............................................................................................................................ 31
REFERENCE:................................................................................................................................... 32
6
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
01.Block diagram 13
02.Circuit diagram 14
03.Laser 16
04.LDR 17
05.LED 18
06.Buzzer 19
07.Transistor 20
08.Resistor 21
09.Capasitor 22
10.Battery 23
11.Breadboard and connecting wire 24
12.IC555 TIMER 25
13.Potentiometer 26
14.Model circuit 28
15.Final project 30
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Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Need of security is the basic necessity of any individual. The feeling that we are safe and
everything around us is all right is imperative for a peaceful living. But in this unsafe world, when
crime, terror and threats are on their peak, how can one attain that sense of security? Here, laser
security system provides us with a solution and for this reason more and more people are installing
them in order to stay safe and secure. Various electronic security systems can be used at home and
other important working places for security and safety purposes. Laser Security alarm is a device
used for security purposes. It has a wide application in fields of security and depence starting from
the security of simple house hold material to a very high valued material of an organization. They
once used to be expensive solutions for security needs. Owing to cost cutting and fast technological
advancements, this form of security system is becoming more affordable. Lasers differ from other
light sources in a few significant ways. There are two features that are important for security
systems. Unlike a light bulb or flashlight, laser light doesn't spread out, it is a narrow beam. And
laser light is essentially a single colour . Because laser light doesn't spread much, it can be sent it
a long way and still have enough energy in a small are Auto trigger the security system detector.
Because it's a single wave length, it can put a blocking filter on the detector to let laser light through
without letting background light onto the detector. Laser light travels in a straight line. For
instance, to protect the front of the yard, putting the laser at one comer and the detector at the other
corner would do the job. That's not a very practical configuration, though. More typically, if it is
needed to protect the perimeter of a room, or at least the enhances. So laser security systems start
with a laser pointing to a small mirror. The first mirror is angled to direct the beam to a second
small mirror, and so on until the final mirror directs the beam to the detector. If the beam is
interrupted anywhere between the laser and the detector, the electronics will put the warning signal.
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1.1 PRINCIPLE:
There are three essential components to a laser security system: a laser, a detector and sensing
circuit. The laser is a concentrated light source that puts out a straight line, 'pencil beam, of light
of a single colour. The detector is sensitive to light and puts out a voltage when the laser light hits
it. The detector is connected to the sensing circuit. When the laser beam is interrupted and cannot
reach the detector, its voltage output changes, and the circuit sense the change and put out a
warning signal.
1.2 OBJECTIVE:
The core objective of this project is to design a laser security system with laser and light
dependent resistor.
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Chapter 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
Designing and Implementation of Security alarm system for organizations, industries, and houses
based on lazer technology was review by Govinda et al. (2014) that administer double ways to
implementing security . Firstly is by the use of lazer and LDR , in a case when there is any motion
sensed by the lazer, it will sound an alarm and alert to the industries, organizations, or
homeowners that they are an intrusion In this chapter, the researchers have made
availablecompilations of information on laser and its significance to theinnovations of security.
The following accounts will be for greaterattainment of understanding about laser and security
systems.Studies about how these technologies have come into reality and theefforts of humanity
to elevate the innovations of the past generationsup to the present era..
Laser based security system using Arduino UNO by Paramitha Mondal, Madhusree Mondal. The
proposed system contains sensor, Arduino UNO, ESP Wi-Fi module, buzzer, LDR module. In this
system once security system detects the intruder buzzer starts buzzing very loudly, spy camera
takes the photo of the intruder and sends it to the registered email address for valid proof [14].
Laser based security system for home by Harshal Hemane, Debarati Sen. In this proposed system
mirrors are used to reflect the laser rays to cover the region surrounding home in all direction.
When laser light is incident on a mirror, it gets reflected from one mirror to another and falls on
LDR. If any of the laser ray is blocked the buzzer produces beep sound [15]. Laser security alarm
system by A.B.N.V. Prasad, K. Ravi Raj, K. Siva Ganesh, M. Lithin Siva swamy Naidu, N.
Phaneendra. In this project based on the voltage drop across the LDR is considered to turn On and
Off the transistor. If the voltage drop across the LDR is low transistor is turned Off, if the voltage
across the LDR is high transistor is said to be turned On. Once the transistor is turned on buzzer
produces beep sound [16]. Laser security system by Debarati Dutta. The proposed system contains
LDR, IC555, transistor, buzzer which gives alert that the intruder has entered the monitored
entrance through beep sound [17]. Door lock security using Raspberry Pi and QR Code by Arigela
Sai Kalyan, Balibineni Bharat Teja Raju, Mudraboina Venkatesh. In this project the study is aimed
to develop a web-based security door using QR code system for the laboratory where at the same
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time the authorized person can perform access monitoring the student’s attendance [18]. The
security alarm system or home automation comprises centralized control of lighting, appliances,
temperature, and other systems, to provide better relaxation, ease, security, and efficiency.
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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY:
3.1 Working:
First, the Op– Amp circuit acts as a comparator i.e. it compares the voltages at the inverting and
non-inverting terminals and produces an output accordingly. The LDR, resistor Voltage divider is
connected to the non -inverting terminal of Op-Amp and a potentiometer is connected to the
inverting terminal .Assume, the laser pointer is placed directly in line of sight to the LDR and the
light from the laser is continuously being incident on LDR. In this situation, the resistance of LDR
falls down to few Ohms and as a result, the voltage at the non – inverting terminal will be less than
that at the inverting voltage. The output of the Op –Amp is low and the transistor is OFF. If the
laser light is blocked by an intruder from falling on the LDR (even for a small duration), the
resistance of the LDR goes to few hundreds of Ohms and as a result, the output of the Op-Amp
will be HIGH. This will turn on the Transistor. As the output of the transistor is connected to the
Trigger Pin (Pin 2) of the 555 Timer IC, if the transistor is ON ,the trigger pin gets a short low
pulse and as a result, the output of the 555 becomes HIGH. This will activate the alarm by turning
ON the buzzer. Since, the 555 Timer IC is configure das a Bi– Stable Multi vibrator, a small active
low trigger pulse at the trigger pin will set its output to HIGH and in order to reset it a person need
to push the reset button [1]. Until the reset push button is pushed, the alarm will stay on hence;
place the reset button at a secret location so that only the owner can disable the alarm.
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3.2 BLOCK DIAGRAM:
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3.3 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
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3.4 COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
2 Timer IC IC555 1
3 LDR ---- 1
4 Resistors 10 KΩ 3
220 Ω 1
5 Small Buzzer --- 1
6 Potentiometer 10 KΩ 1
8 Capacitor 100nF 1
11 9V Battery --- 1
13 Breadboard --- 1
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3.5 COMPONENT DESCRIPTION:
3.5.1. LASER:
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the
stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for
"light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation". A laser differs from other sources of light
in that it emits light coherently. Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight spot,
enabling applications such as laser cutting and lithography. Spatial coherence also allows a laser
beam to stay narrow over great distances (collimation), enabling applications such as laser
pointers. Lasers can also have high temporal coherence, which allows them to emit light with a
very narrow spectrum, i.e., they can emit a single colour of light. Temporal coherence can be used
to produce pulses of light as short as a femtosecond [4].
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3.5.2. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor):
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3.5.3. LED (Light Emitting Diode):
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. Like an ordinary diode,
the LED diode works when it is forward biased. In this case, the n-type semiconductor is heavily
doped than the p-type forming the p-n junction. When it is forward biased, the potential barrier
gets reduced and the electrons and holes combine at the depletion layer (or active layer), light or
photons are emitted or radiated in all directions. A typical figure blow showing light emission due
electron-hole pair combining on forward biasing. It is a PN- junction diode, which emits light
when activated. The explanation behind the emission of photons in an LED diode lies in the energy
band theory of solids [6].
According to this theory, whether the electron-hole combining will give out photons or not depends
on whether the material has a direct band gap or indirect band gap. Those semiconductor materials
which have a direct band gap are the ones that emit photons. When a suitable voltage is applied to
the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy
in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the colour of the
light(corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the
semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than I mm2) and integrated optical components
may be used to shape its radiation pattern.
Figure 05 : LED
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3.5.4. BUZZER:
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3.5.5. TRANSISTOR:
A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical
power. Transistor has many functions, such as detecting, rectifying, amplifying, switching, voltage
stabilizing; signal modulating and so on. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least
three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of
the transistor’s terminals changes the current through another pair of terminals. As a variable
current switch, transistor can control the output current based on the input voltage Because the
controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify
a signal [7]. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found
embedded in integrated circuits.
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3.5.6. RESISTOR
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3.5.7. Capacitor
Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits for blocking direct current while allowing
alternating current to pass. In filter networks, they smooth the output of power supplies .In resonant
circuits they tune radios to particular frequencies. In electric power transmission systems, they
stabilize voltage and power flow [9].
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3.5.8. BATTERY:
An electric battery is a device consisting of two or more electrochemical cells that convert stored
chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode, and a
negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and terminals,
which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work. Primary (single-use or
"disposable") batteries are used once and discarded; the electrode materials are irreversibly
changed during discharge. Common examples are the alkaline battery used for flashlights and a
multitude of portable device. Secondary (rechargeable batteries) can be discharged and recharged
multiple times; the original composition of the electrodes can be restored by reverse current.
Examples include the lead-acid batteries used in vehicles and lithium ion batteries used for portable
electronics [10]. Batteries come in many shapes and sizes, from miniature cells used to power
hearing aids and wristwatches to battery banks the size of rooms that provide standby power for
telephone exchanges and computer data centers.
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3.5.9. BREADBOARD AND CONNECTING WIRES:
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. These solder less breadboards
does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary
prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. A modern solder less breadboard socket consists
of a perforated block of plastic with numerous tin plated phosphor bronze or nickel silver alloy
spring clips under the perforations. Interconnecting wires and the leads of discrete components
such as capacitors, resistors, and inductors, power supply, one or more signal generators, LED
display or LCD modules, and logic probe scan be inserted into the remaining free holes to complete
the circuit. A bus strip usually contains two rows: one for ground and one for a supply voltage.
Typically the row intended for a supply voltage is marked in red, while the row for ground is
marked in blue or black [11] .
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3.5.10. IC555 TIMER:
The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer , pulse generation ,and
oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide accurate time delays, as an oscillator, and
as a flip-flop element. Derivatives provide two (556) or four (558) timing circuits in one package.
In bi stable mode, the 555 timer acts as a SR flip-flop. The trigger and reset inputs (pins 2 and 4
respectively on a 555) are held high via pull-up resistors while the threshold input (pin 6) is
grounded. Thus configured, pulling the trigger momentarily to ground acts as a 'set' and transitions
the output pin (pin 3) to VCC (high state). Pulling there set input to ground acts as a 'reset' and
transitions the output pin to ground (low state). No timing capacitors are required in a bi stable
configuration. Pin 7 (discharge) is left unconnected, or may be used as an open-collector output
[12].
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3.5.11. POTENTIOMETER:
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3.6. CIRCUIT DESIGN:
The design of the laser security system circuit is very simple. Coming to the design of the circuit
,First, the LDR and a 10 K Ω resistor are connected in series with the voltage divider and its output
(common point) is connected to the pin 3 (non– inverting) of the Op- Amp ICLM358.For the
inverting terminal (pin 2), connected the wiper of a 10 KΩ potentiometer (other two terminal of
the POT are connected to VCC and GND).The 8th and 4th pin of Op-Amp IC LM358 are
connected to the voltage divider and ground respectively. The output of the Op – Amp (Pin 1) is
connected to the base of the transistor (BC547)through a resistor of 220 ohms .The trigger pin of
555 (Pin 2) is connected to the common point of 10 KΩ resistor and collector of transistor common
point. The other end of resistor is given to voltage divider. The emitter of the transistor is given to
the ground The reset pin (pin 4) of the 555 is connected to VCC through a 10 KΩ resistor and a
push button is connected between Pin 4 of 555 and GND. The non-inverting input (5th pin) is
connected to ground through 100nano farad capacitor. A buzzer is connected to pin 3 of ic555 IC.
The other end of buzzer is given to the ground The voltage divider (8th pin) of ic555 timer is given
to voltage divider and the output pin (1st pin) is given to the ground.
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3.7 MODEL CIRCUIT:
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Chapter 4
4.1 ADVANTAGES:
These are easy to install and work at both within as well as outside houses. These are very effective
perimeter alarm systems around properties. In indoor systems can utilize the normal power outlets
and jacks making them inconspicuous. At outside these can be easily be hidden behind the bushes
or plants without causing any damage. They consume less power when compared to the laser
system as the whole, which is expensive. These laser systems can be installed in homes either by
self or by hiring a technical person .By technological innovations cost of the security systems has
been cut to a large extent. So, making laser systems one among affordable security system options
can be very safe. Lasers are strong in beam width and can be focused on the perfect target. By
using laser security system one can be safe in the case of harmful effects to the body. As the beam
width used in the laser security systems are not strong beam widths. The circuit, construction and
setup for the Laser Security System are very simple. If used with a battery, the laser security system
can work even when there is a power outage.
4.2 DISADVANTAGES:
The laser security system works only if the laser is obstructed. If the intruder passes without
obstructing the laser, it is considered as a failure.
In order to secure a larger area, we need more lasers and corresponding sensors.
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Chapter 5
When the laser beam falling over the LDR is interrupted by the object in the field of laser net,
hence the LDR develops an output voltage and the alarm rings showing the sign of any intruders.
The Laser Security System has been successfully designed and developed. The buzzer is turned
on as the laser beam falling on the LDR is interrupted. The experimental model was made
according to the circuit diagram and the result was as expected. The LDR has to be placed in dark
place or inside a case so that the other source of light except the laser beam doesn’t affect the LDR.
This helps the circuit to work faster and properly.
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Chapter 6
CONCLUSION:
Laser security system provides us the security against any crime, theft in our day to day life and
so people are installing them in order to stay safe, secure and sound. Various electronic security
systems can be used at home and other important working places for security and safety purposes.
It is a great opportunity and source of saving man power contributing now a stage of electricity.
The "Laser Security System" is an important helping system. Using this system robbery, thefts &
crime can be avoided to large extend. Avoiding thieves results in the safety of our financial assets
and thereby this system provides us protection against all. The Laser & LDR system is highly
sensitive with a great range of working. The system senses the light emitted by the Laser falling
over the LDR connected with the circuit. Whenever the beam of light is interrupted by any means,
it triggers the alarm or siren. This highly reactive approach has low computational requirement,
therefore it is well suited to surveillance, industrial application and smart environments.
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REFERENCE:
32
Access Date: 21/05/2022
[14] Parmitha Mondal, Madhusree Mondal, “Laser Based Security System Using Arduino UNO”,
Volume-8, Issue-6, June-2018.
Access Date: 21/05/2022
[15] Harshal Hemane, Debarati Sen, “Laser Based Security System for Home”, Volume-5, Issue-
1, January-2018.
Access Date: 21/05/2022
[16] A.B.N.V.Prasad, K.Ravi Raj, K.Siva Ganesh, M.Lithin Siva swamy Naidu, N.Phaneendra, “laser
security alarm system”, Vol-7, Iss-2, Apr-2020.
Access Date: 21/05/2022
[17] Debarati Dutta, “Laser Security System”, Volume-7, Issue-4, April-2016.
Access Date: 21/05/2022
[18] Arigela Sai Kalyan, Balibineni Bharat Teja Raju, Mudraboina Venkatesh, “Door Lock
Security Using Raspberry Pi and QR Code”, Volume-8, Issue-3, March 2021.
Access Date: 21/05/2022
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