GROUP 7
IMPLEMENTATION
(CHOOSING METHOD, STRATEGY,
AND MEDIA)
Course: EYL Material Development & Instructional Design
Lecturer: Mrs. Ika Sulistyarini, M.Pd.
Creative Portfolio
OUR TEAM
PUPUT YULIYANTI PRATIWI
206121235
PUTRI AMELIA RAHMADANI ANTI ERNAWATI
206121259 206121260
NADITA SEJUK HATI
206121261
OUR MATERIALS
1. METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
2. STRATEGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
3. A.METHOD OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
4. CONCLUSION
METHODS OF TEACHING ENGLISH
FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
The most popular methods on which teaching English to young
learners is based are the methods listed, for example, by Larsen-
Freeman (2000) – the Audio-lingualism; Presentation Practice
Production (PPP), and its alternatives; Communicative approach;
Task-based learning; The Four methods: Community Language
Learning, The Silent Way, Suggestopedia, Total Physical
Response (TPR); Humanistic teaching and the Lexical approach.
However, not all of them are fully used in TEYL.
1. Audio-Lingualism
Audio-lingualism is based on the behaviorist theory of stimulus-response-reinforcement in
other words about learning new behaviors. Audio-lingualism equals engendering good
habits in language learning. This form of teaching includes mainly drills. The drill is
designed to teach a certain form for example a correct sentence in Present Simple. Small
changes are being performed on the drill so that the students would constantly learn but also
to prevent them from making mistakes.
2. Total Physical Response (TPR)
The TPR originator James Asher (2000) based his theory on the fact that children learn a
foreign language from speech directed to them. TPR is learning from oral instructions
given to the students by the teacher. The basic idea is that students are not being made
to speak, their main task is to listen to the teacher's instructions in the foreign language
and respond to them and only if they feel ready they can start speaking in that language.
TPR is a key method to apply when teaching children for it respects the silent period and
does not require any previous language knowledge from children.
3. The Natural Approach
The Natural Approach is a method that methodologists advise use at the first stages of teaching to
introduce the Total Physical Response. The method concentrates on using the foreign language in the
lessons nearly all the time and helping the students understand it by showing them pictures and being as
expressive as possible. Listening comprehension is a crucial goal in both TPR and Natural Approach. It is
so important that the teacher does not correct any oral errors made by the students and allows them to
use their mother tongue along with the foreign language to communicate in the lesson.
4. Songs
Songs are a powerful and almost inexhaustible source of English vocabulary. They are basic teachers
who help in teaching in kindergarten based on the Audio -lingual method. Songs are drills but sung.
The form of the drill is incorporated into the song and therefore more interesting for children. Songs
are even better than typical drills for they are easily remembered and stay in children‟s minds for long
(Cant and Superfine 1997). Usually, each song has a choreography for the children to understand the
lyrics better and to have more fun singing. Songs, as a technique of teaching, are a very effective way
of teaching kids. They teach pronunciation, vocabulary, and phrases.
5. Games
Games are by far the most joyful of all the techniques already listed. That fact makes them also very effective
since the students forget that they are learning because they are focusing on having fun and winning the
game. In other words, games provide a positive classroom atmosphere and an effective learning
environment (Cant and Superfine 1997:9). What is also important, is that games are a useful tool on many
stages of the lesson. They can be used as:
A warm-up at the beginning of the lesson
An introduction of a topic
A review of lexical items
A kind of drill making the students repeat and learn lexical & grammatical items
A cool-off at the end of the lesson
Here is a list of some important criteria that a proper game used in teaching English should meet:
1. The games should have linguistic relevance
2. They should have an aim and a purpose
3. All the children should be able to participate
4. The games should be easy and quick to set up and carry out
5. They should be fun for the children.
STRATEGY OF TEACHING ENGLISH FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
1. Listen and Repeat
These strategies focused on teaching vocabulary. Listen and Repeat
was a strategy used by the teacher to help the students become more easily
understand or memorize vocabulary by imitating their teacher directly.
2. Listen and Do
The teacher gives a few sentences in the form of instructions or
orders to the children. Then the teacher asks the children to listen carefully
to the command line and they respond to carry out the dictates of the
teacher in the phrase.
3. Question and Answer
Teachers asked questions and the students answered them. The
teacher wrote some sentences on the whiteboard, and the teacher asked the
students to complete the sentences by giving the correct answer.
4. In Pair
The teacher asks the students to make groups in pairs. Afterward, the teacher gives several
tasks related to pair activity. This strategy was usually used in doing exercises given by the
teacher.
5. Cooperative Learning
In this strategy, the students were divided into groups. Members of groups could learn with
others to do exercises from the teacher, Teacher explained the material and then divided the
students into some groups through a game. In this game, the teacher wrote some sentences,
which consisted of blank spaces. Every group had to fill the blank space by raising their hands,
which one was the fastest they would come in front of the class and write the answer.
6. Games
The teacher gave a game in the opening lesson. The games were related to the topic that the
teacher was giving to the students. Here the teacher used an alphabet race, in this game the
teacher had two sets of Alphabet cards that consisted of an Alphabet card A-Z and the teacher
put alphabet cards in front of the class. Next, the teacher mentioned the English word, "black".
The students must arrange the alphabet cards into the word "black" in front of the class.
MEDIA OF TEACHING ENGLISH
FOR YOUNG LEARNERS
Harmer (2007) states that several types of instructional media can be used by
teachers:
1. The students themselves
The students are "the most useful resources in the classroom" (Harmer, 2007: 176). By
using the students themselves, teachers can do many things in the classroom.
2. Realia
Realia is defined by Nunan (1999: p. 313) as "objects and teaching "props" from the world
outside the classroom that are used for teaching and learning. So, it can be inferred that
realia is unmodified real things inside or outside the classroom which is used by the
teacher for the teaching-learning process. Realia can be used as a starting point to
introduce the lesson and/or understand the concept of the material.
3. Pictures
Pictures or graphic materials refer to "non-photographic and two-
dimensional" materials which are utilized by the teachers to convey
messages to the students. This kind of material includes drawings, charts,
graphs, posters, cartoons, etc.
Pictures are utilized for several purposes. Harmer (2007) explained that
pictures can be used in multiple ways: (1) drilling. (2) communication, (3)
understanding, (4) ornamentation. (5) predicting, and (6) discussing.
4. Coursebook
Coursebook is a form of print media. It contains material or verbal
information through print. It can also be used as a basic instructional
guide by the teacher.
5. Boards
Boards refer to chalkboard/ blackboard, whiteboard, and interactive.
whiteboard (IWB). Like pictures, boards also are used for several
purposes. Harmer (2007) describes that teachers can use boards as (1)
notepads, (2) explanation aid, (3) picture frames, (4) public workbooks, (5)
gameboards, and (6) noticeboards.
6. Overhead Projector (OHP)
By using overhead projectors, the students can see in front of the class the
material which is written or drawn transparently. The transparency will be
projected by using projectors.
7. Flipcharts
Another instructional media that may be used by the teacher is Flipchart.
Flipchart is an instructional media that contains big sheets of paper. It is mostly
used to write down some important points in group discussions (Harmer, 2007).
Several benefits of flipcharts are portable, accessible, and easy to use.
8. Computer-based presentation technology
Harmer (2007) said that this instructional media has two vital components. They
are hardware and software. The hardware needed for this instructional media is
a computer and LCD projector. This instructional media combines both audio
and visual material. Using computer-based presentation technology - or so-
called multimedia presentations enables the teacher to convey much larger
information to the students (Blythe-Lord, 1991. Kemp & Smellie, 1989, Wittich &
Schuller, 1973).
CONCLUSION
The most popular methods that form the basis of teaching English to young learners are
those listed, for example, by Larsen-Freeman (2000) - Audiolingualism; Presentation-
Practice-Production (PPP) and its alternatives; Communicative approach; Task-based
learning: Four methods: Community Language Learning, Silence, Suggestopedia, Total
Physical Response (TPR); Humanistic teaching and lexical approach. However, not all of
them are fully utilized in TEYL.
Strategies for Teaching English to Young Learners that can be used include the following:
Listen and Repeat, Listen and Do, Question and Answer, In Pairs, Cooperative Learning,
and Games.
Using the right learning media is one of the key principles in creating effective learning
(Reiser & Dick, 1995). Media for Teaching English to Young Learners that can be used
include the following: The students themselves, Realia, pictures, coursebooks, boards,
overhead projectors (OHP), flipcharts, and Computer-based presentation technology
Young Learners that can be used include the following: The students themselves, Realia,
pictures, coursebooks, boards, overhead projectors (OHP), flipcharts, and Computer-based
presentation technology.
THANK YOU 🙂
ANY
QUESTION?
