ENGINEERING ELECTROTECHNICS N5 (8080096) PROGRAMME: ELECTRICAL LECTURER: J GORDON
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CHAPTER 1
DC MACHINES
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TOPIC
SPEED CONTROL OF DC MOTORS – SHUNT MOTOR
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OUTLINE
1. Learning outcomes 2. Introduction 3. Content a) Concept b) Examples 4. Activity 5. Additional Resources
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
You should be able to:
• Know how to adjust the speed of a motor and
perform the necessary calculations to solve for the new speed.
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INTRODUCTION
• Certain applications require the speed of a motor to change
on demand. • Speed control of a DC motor is either done manually by the operator or by means of an automatic control device. • The speed of a DC motor can be controlled by: ➢Changing the applied voltage (V). ➢Changing the field strength. (If ɑ Φ) ➢Changing the resistance.
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CONCEPT
• The emf equation can be used to calculate change in speed:
2.p.∅.N.Z E= 60.c • But since the speed is varied in the same machine, Ra, p, Z and c will not change (assuming Z is not changed), therefore we now have: E α N.Ф [used for both series and shunt connections]
• By using the above condition, we can now come up with a ratio to be used for the change in speed:
E1 N1 .∅1 = E2 N2 .∅2 Where: 1 – the first case at a certain speed. 2 – the second case when the speed is adjusted. Berea Technology College CONCEPT
Shunt motor V – Terminal voltage IL IL – Line current
Ia1 Ish1 Ish1 – shunt field current
Rsh - shunt field resistance
Ia1 - armature current
Ra – armature resistance N1 E1 E1 – e.m.f generated in motor windings
N1 – Speed of the motor before adjustment
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Shunt motor V – Terminal voltage
IL A resistor is IL – Line current now added in Ix series with the Ish2 Ish2 – shunt field current Rx armature to decrease the Rsh - shunt field resistance Ia2 speed. Ix = Ia2 – armature current
Ra – armature resistance N2 E2 E2 – e.m.f generated in motor windings
N2 – Speed of the motor after adjustment
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• Now we know that:
T α Ia.Ф Ish α Ф
• And since Ish1 = Ish2 , we can say that Ф1 = Ф2 (unless otherwise stated) therefore we can now say that:
T α Ia • From the above condition, the formula can be written as follows:
T1 Ia1 = T2 Ia2 Berea Technology College CONCEPT
• But if Ф1 ≠ Ф2 ,we can now say that:
T α Ia.Ф • From the above condition, the formula can be written as follows:
I T1 a1.Ф1 = T2 Ia2 Ф2
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CONCEPT
• We can also use the following formulas to find the emf value in both cases and to find the value of the additional resistor:
