Solution

WORK, ENERGY AND POWER [27 SEP- 2024]

NEET-UG - Physics

1.
(d) 5 J
Explanation:
s⃗ = (4^j + 3k
^
) - (-2^i + 5^j ) = 2^i - ^j + 3k
^

W = F ⃗ ⋅ s ⃗ = (4^i + 3^j ) ⋅ (2^i - ^j + 3k

^
)
=8-3=5J

2.
−−
− −1

(b) √ mk

2
t 2

Explanation:
W = Pt
Kf - Ki = kt
1

2
mv2 - 0 = kt
−
−−
2kt
∴ v=√ m

−− −1

a= dv

dt
= √
2k

m
(
1

2
t 2 )

−− −1 −−
− −1

F = ma = m

2
√
2k

m
t 2 = √
mk

2
t 2

3.
(d) 60 J
Explanation:
Mass of metal ball = 2 kg;
Speed of metal ball (v1) = 36 km

h
= 10 m

s
and mass of stationary ball = 3 kg
Applying law of conservation of momentum,
m1v1 + m2v2 = (m1 + m2)v
m1 v1 + m2 v2
or, v = m1 + m2

(2×10)+(3×0)
=
2+3

= 20

5
=4 m

Therefore loss of energy

= [
1

2
m1 v
2
1
+
1

2
m2 v ] −
2
2
1

2
× (m1 + m2)v2

=[ 1

2
× 2 (10)2 + 1

2
× 3 (0)2] - 1

2
× (2 + 3) × (4)
= 100 - 40 = 60 J

4.

(d)

Explanation:
At height h from the ground, raindrop haS maximum potential energy. And kinetic velocity will be zero (at the instant when it
dropped its velocity will be zero), then as the raindrop falls its PE starts decreasing and kinetic energy starts increasing. The

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 total mechanical energy will remain conserved if we neglect the air resistance. If there is some air resistance, there is some
force called upthrust (in fluids) which opposes its motion. It depends upon the velocity of the object as the velocity increases,
upthrust also increases. Hence during the fall of the raindrop first its velocity increases and then becomes constant after some
time. This constant velocity is called terminal velocity, hence KE also becomes constant. PE decreases continuously as the drop
is falling continuously. The variation in PE and KE is best represented by the given option.

5.
1+e
(d) p ( 1−e
)

Explanation:
When a particle undergoes normal collision with a floor or a wall with a coefficient of restitution e, the speed after collision is e
times the speed before the collision.
Therefore, change in momentum after 1st impact is ep - (-p) = p(1 + e). Similarly, after the 2nd impact, the change in
momentum will be e(e p) - (-ep) = ep(1 + e) and so on.
Therefore, total change in momentum of the ball = momentum imparted to the floor = p(1 + e)(1 + e + e2 + ...) = p(
1+e
)
1−e

6.
(b) 3.77 × 1026 W
Explanation:
The energy liberated per second
E = mc2 = 4.19 × 109 × 3 × 108 × 3 × 108 = 37.71 × 1025 J
power output of the sun is equal to energy output per second
= 3.77 × 1026 W
25

P= W

t
=
37.71×10

7. (a)

Explanation:
Increase in K.E. = Work done
K - 0 = Fx = max
⇒ K ∝ x

∴ K - x graph is a straight line inclined to x-axis.

8. (a) 5 m

Explanation:
Maximum K.E. = Drop in P.E.
1

2
mv = mg (h2 - h1)
2
max

−−−−−−−−−−
vmax = √2g (h 2 − h1 )

= 5 ms-1
−−−−−−−−−−−− −
= √2 × 10(2 − 0.75)

9. (a) Viscous force

Explanation:
Viscous force is a non-conservative force.
10.
–
(d) √2 v

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 Explanation:
By conservation of momentum,
−−−−−−
p3 = √p 2
1
+ p
2
2

−−−− −−−−−−−−
′ 2 2
mv = √(mv ) + (mv )

′
–
v = √2v

11.
(b) 30
Explanation:
P = Fv = μ mg v
= 0.3 × 5 × 10 × 2W = 30 W

12.
(b) 5 : 1
Explanation:
5:1

13.
(b) 800 W
Explanation:
dp d
F= dt
=
dt
(mv)
=v dm

dt
= v
dm

dl
⋅
dl

dt
= v
dm

dl
2 dm
⋅ v = v
dl

∴ P = Fv = v3 dm

dl
= (2)3 × 100 = 800 W

14.
(b) 32.0 N
Explanation:
from work-energy theorem
change in kinetic energy = work done
ΔK = W

Kf − Ki = Fs
1 2 1 2
mvf − mvi = Fs
2 2
1 2 2
m (vf − vi ) = Fs
2

m = 8Kg, s = 2.5m
vf = 6m/s, vi = 4m/s
1

2
× 8(62 − 42) = F × 2.5
4 × 20 = F × 2.5
F= = 32N
80

2.5

15.
(c)

Explanation:

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 As the earth moves once around the sun in its elliptical orbit, when the earth is closest to the sun, speed of the earth is
maximum, hence KE is maximum. When the earth is farthest from the sun speed is minimum, hence KE is minimum but never
zero and negative.

16.
(b) 90o
Explanation:
Two identical particles move at right angles to each other after elastic collision in two dimensions.

17.
(d) 4.8 × 104 J
Explanation:
By conservation of momentum,
m1v1 = m2v2
m1 1 v2
= =
m2 3 v1

1 2
m1 v 2
K1 2 1 1 3 3
= = × ( ) =
K2 1 2 3 1 1
m2 v
2 2

6.4 × 104 = 4.8 × 104 J

3
∴ K1 = 4
×

18. (a) e6h

Explanation:
e6h
19.
(c) 19.6 ms-1
Explanation:
Loss in P.E. = Gain in K.E.
mv2
1
mgh = 2
−−− −−−−−−−−−− −
v= √2gh = √2 × 9.8 × 19.6

= 19.6 ms-1

20. (a) 20 ms-1

Explanation:
By conservation of energy
( mv + mgh) = mgh
1 1 2

2 2 0

v
2
0
+ 2 gh = 4 gh
v0 = √2gh = √2 × 10 × 10 = 20 ms-1
−−− −−−−−−−−−

21.
(b) 4 times
Explanation:
∵ Work = Force x Displacement ...(i)

So, if the force and displacement of particle in the direction of force are doubled, then as per Eq. (i), their product will make the
work done 4 times more than its initial value.

22.
(d) less than 1

2
mv2
Explanation:
By conservation of momentum,
mv = MV ⇒ V = mv

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 2

mV2 =
1 1 mv
K.E. of the gun = 2 2
M( M
)

mv2
m 1 1
= M
(
2
2
mv ) <
2

23.
(b) become twice its initial value
Explanation:
−−−−
p = √2mK
−−−−− −−− −−− −
p = √2m × 4K = 2√2mK = 2p
′

24.
(c) L−l
l

Explanation:
Let m be the mass per unit length of the chain.
Weight of hanging length = mlg
Weight of chain lying on the table = m (L - l)g
∴ R = m(L - l)g
f = μR = μm (L - l)g
In equilibrium, mlg = μm (L - l)g
l
μ=
L−l

25.
(d) 1 : 2
Explanation:
−−−−
p = √2mK
For same K, p ∝ √−
−
m
p1
−
−
m
− −
−−
∴
p2
= √
m2
1
= √
m

4m
=
1

2
=1:2

26.
(d) t
Explanation:
From Newton’s first equation of motion,
v = u + at
where v is the final velocity
u is the initial velocity, a is the acceleration of the body and
t is the time taken
Given, u = 0.
So, v = at
Power is given by
P=F×v
⇒ P = ma × at ...[ F = ma]

⇒ P = ma2t
Since m and a are constant,
P∝t
Hence, power is directly proportional to the time

27.
(b) 3v in forward direction
Explanation:
By conservation of momentum,
2m × v = m(-v) + mv'

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 2v = -v + v'
or v' = 3v

28.
(c) only on the end points
Explanation:
A force is said to be conservative if work done by this force is independent of path and is dependent only on end points.

29. (a) 10.0 m

Explanation:
2

Rmax = u

g
=
1

2
mu
2
×
2

mg

But 1

2
mu2 = 1

2
kx2
2

∴ Rmax = 1

2
kx
2
×
mg
2
=
kx

mg

2
600×(0.05)
=
0.015×10
= 10 m

30. (a) none of these

Explanation:
If the spring is compressed by the block through length x, then
mg (h + x) = 1

2
kx2
−−−−−−−−−−
2
2mg 2mg 8mgh
On solving, x = 1

2
[
k
± √
k
+
k
]

31. (a) 742.5 W

Explanation:
Total power required to overcome a force of 165 N and to maintain a speed of 9.00 m/s
F = 165N
v = 9m/s
P = Fv = 165 × 9 = 1485W
P 1485
if each rider contribute equal power, then the power required per rider will be 2
= 2
= 742.5W
32.
(d) 100%
Explanation:
Let m be the mass of the body and v1 and v2 be the initial and final velocities of the body respectively
∴ Initial kinetic energy = 1

2
mv
2
1

Final kinetic energy = 1

2
mv
2
2

Initial kinetic energy is increased 300% to get the final kinetic energy
1 2 1 300 2
∴ mv = (1 + ) mv
2 2 2 100 1

v2
⇒ v2 = 2v1 or v1
= 2 ...(i)
Initial momentum = P1 = mv1
Final momentum = p2 = mv2
p2 mv2 v2
∴
p1
=
mv1
=
v1
=2
∴ p2 = 2p1 = (1 + 100

100
) p1
So momentum has increased 100%.

33. (a) 50 J
Explanation:
Mass of the body, m = 0.5 kg
3

The velocity of the body v = ax 2

−1

a = 5 m s-1 2

Initial velocity at x = 0 is u = 0

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 –
Final velocity at x = 2 m is v = 10√2 m/s
work done = Change in kinetic energy
W = Kf - Ki

W = mv2 - 0
1

0.5 × (10√2)2 =
–
W= 1

2
×
1

2
× 0.5 × 200 = 50J

34.
(b) time dependence
Explanation:
According to the work-energy theorem, the net work done on a body equals the change in its kinetic energy. So it does not give
any information about time dependence.

35.
(c) 5.3 m/s
Explanation:
95% of potential energy is converted into kinetic energy.
applying conservation of mechanical energy between horizontal and lowermost points
95 1 2
mgl × = mv
100 2
95 1 2
gl × = v
100 2
−−−−−− −−−−−−−−−
2×gl×95
v=√ 100
=√ 2×9.8×1.5×95

100
= 5.3m/s

36.
(c) v2 - 2gs sin θ
Explanation:
Let H be the total height of the plane and h the height descended down the plane.
Then: h = s sin θ
From the conservation of mechanical energy,
1

2
mv2 + m g (H - h) = constant
or - 1

2
mv2 - mgh = constant
or v2 - 2gh = constant
or v2 - 2g s sin θ = constant

37.
Mg
(c) 2 k

Explanation:
Loss of gravitational P.E. = Gain of spring P.E.
Mg x = 1

2
kx2
2Mg
∴ x= k

38.
(b) 6 : 1
Explanation:
e1 3
=
e2 1

But e1 = v

2v
=
1

∴ 3e2 = 1

2
or e2 = 1

Ratio between relative velocity of approach and relative velocity of separation = 6 : 1

α −−−−−− −
39. (a) mR
√4s2 + R2

Explanation:

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 Given, k = α s
∴
1

2
mv2 = α s
−−−
∴ v=√ 2αs

m
...(i)
Now,
2

ac = v

R
=
2αs

mR
...(ii)
Also,
dv dv ds
at = dt
=
ds dt
−−−
=v dv

ds
=v d

ds
(√
2αs

m
)

−−− −−
2αs 2α d 2α 1
= (√ m
) (√
m
)
ds
√s = m
√s (
2√s
)

α
∴ at = m
...(iii)
For non-uniform circular motion, there are two types of acceleration; ac (radial) and at (tangential) acceleration.
Formula: ac = ω 2
r and at = dv

dt
= rα
−−−−−−
Net acceleration, a = √a 2
c + a
2
t

−−−−−−−−−−−−
−−−−−− 2
2αs α 2
a = √a 2
c
2
+ at = √(
mR
) + (
m
)

−−−−−−
2 −−−−−− −
= α

m
√
4s

2
+ 1 =
α

mR
√4s2 + R2
R

40.
(b) Both Zero & Positive
Explanation:
Both Zero & Positive

41.
(c) 1

2
kv
3

Explanation:
k = mass/length = dm

dx

v = speed of water
KE = mv 1

2
3

3
d 1 dm dx 2 1 2 kv
(KE) = ( )( )v = kv v =
dt 2 dx dt 2 2

42.
KR
(d) KB
=
M
m

Explanation:
According to the law of conservation of linear momentum, if no external force acts on a system (i.e., the system is isolated) of
constant mass (i.e., the system is closed) the total momentum of the system remains constant with time. In the present problem,
the bullet and rifle form a system and the force exerted by the trigger will be internal.
−
→ −
→ −
→
Hence, p = p + p = constant.
S B R

N ow, as initially both the bullet and rifle are at rest, hence;
−
→ −
→
pB + pR =0
−
→ −→
[Note: pR = − pB , if bullet acquires forward momentum, the rifle will acquire equal and opposite (backward) momentum.]
2
p K
As K = 2m
; ∴
KB
R
=
m

As M >> m, hence KR << KB

43.
−−
(b) √ M

2k
v

Explanation:

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 Since, the two blocks stick after collision, therefore it is a case of inelastic collision.
Let vc be the common velocity.
From conservation of linear momentum,
Mv = (M + M)vc
v
∴ vc = 2
...(i)
Now, K.E.of the system just after collision = P.E.stored in the spring
∴
1

2
(2M)v = 2
c
1

2
kL2
−−
v
⇒ L=√ M

2k
v ...(∵ v c =
2
)

44.
(d) 5 : 1
Explanation:
As we know that,
1 − e
v1 = ( 2
)u

and
1 + e
v2 = ( 2
)u

v2 1 + e
∴ =
v1
1 − e
2
1 + ( )

= 3

2
1 − ( )
3
5

= 3

1
=5
3

45.
(b) 2 : 3
Explanation:

Natural length = L0
Extension = x
Fspring = Fcentripetal
2 1
⇒ kx = m (L0 + x) ω ⇒ 12.5x = ( L + x) 25
5 0

x 2
⇒ 1.5x = L0 ⇒ =
L0 3

46. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
Kinetic energy, E = mv 1

2
2

Differentiating both sides,

ΔE Δm 2Δv
= +
E m v

ΔE

E
=
100
1
+ 2 ×
2

100
=
100
5
= 5%
47.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation:
If two protons are brought near one another, work has to be done against electrostatic force ( ∵ same charge repel each other).
This work done is stored as potential energy in the system.

48. (a) Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:

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 Assertion and reason both are correct statements and reason is correct explanation for assertion.
49.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation:
Kinetic energy of a body of mass m1
2
p
1 2 1
K1 = mv =
2 1 2m1

Again, Kinetic energy of a body of mass m2

2
p
1 2 2
K2 = m2 v =
2 2 2m2

K1 m2
If p
1
= p2 ,
K2
=
m1

As given m 2 > m1

Therefore, K > K , i.e. the kinetic energy of light body will be more than the kinetic energy of heavy body when both have
1 2

same momentum.

50.
(b) Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.
Explanation:
Assertion and reason both are correct statements but reason is not correct explanation for assertion.

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