Maximizing High Speed Data Converter Performance through Clocking, Power, and SNRBoost Maximizing High Speed Data

Converter Performance through Clocking, Power, and SNRBoost

Vera Mao Texas Instruments

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Sampling Theory
The Nyquist Rate is the minimum sampling rate required to avoid aliasing
Nyquist rate is simply twice the highest frequency

1st Nyquist

2nd Nyquist

3rd Nyquist

4th Nyquist

etc..

Fs/2 = 45
Nyquist

67.5

Fs=90M

112.5

135

180

SAMPLE/CLOCK RATE

What is Aliasing?
Aliasing - two different sinusoids give the same digital samples
If Fs is the Sampling Frequency (clock rate) a high frequency Fred = 10/9 * Fs and a low frequency at Fblue = 1/9 * Fs = Fred Fs Both look like 1/9 * Fs to the ADC Thus one might say,
the frequency at Fred is aliased down, or under-sampled, to be at frequency Fblue at the ADC digital outputs in the spectral domain Or better yet, the ADC cant tell the difference

example: Wikipedia.org

Under-sampling (Aliasing)
We just down-converted a signal from a high frequency to a lower frequency that sounds useful
This is called Under-sampling

This usually requires an analog frequency mixer What is not always clear in the definition of the Nyquist Rate is that it refers to the bandwidth of the signal, not the frequency
In the example given, the bandwidth of each signal is practically zero these are discrete tones at 1/9 and 10/9 of Fs But signals with no bandwidth contain little information and are therefore not usually very useful for communication systems So lets look at aliasing with some bandwidth involved.

Bad Aliasing (graphically speaking)

As drawn here, this is 1 modulated carrier with a BW = 45MHz, centered at 100MHz

Input to ADC Sampling at 90MSPS

Fs/2 = 45 Nyquist 12.5 77.5

Fs=90M

122.5

Output of ADC Sampling at 90MSPS

Fs/2 = 45 32.5 Nyquist

Fs=90M

After Aliasing, or Down-Converting, 45MHz of Bandwidth

Notice that the red spectrum aliased on top of part of the gray spectrum. Notice also that the red horizontally inverted, while the gray did not This would NOT be okay a digital down-converter (DDC) would not be able to recover the information.

Good Aliasing
As drawn here, this is 1 modulated carrier with a BW = 45MHz, centered at 112.5MHz, so all the energy is in one Nyquist Zone

Input to ADC Sampling at 90MSPS

Fs/2 = 45 Nyquist 67.5

Fs=90M

112.5

135

Output of ADC Sampling at 90MSPS

22.5 Fs/2 = 45 Nyquist 67.5

Fs=90M

112.5

After Aliasing, or Down-Converting, 45MHz of Bandwidth

Notice that the spectrum is still continuous. Notice that the color is not horizontally inverted this is because we used an odd nyquist zone (the 3rd). If we had used an even zone, the color would reverse it is spectrally inverted. This is not a bad thing, but might need to be known in order to process the band. Many radio designs take full advantage of good aliasing to eliminate an entire analog frequency down-conversion stage saving board space, power, and money

Practical Aliasing Example

In the real world, you need to bandpass filter the signal before going into the ADC so that frequency content outside of your signal of interest is not aliased into the ADC and adding noise and BPFs arent a brickwall they require some room for proper roll-off As drawn here, this is 1 modulated carrier with a BW = 22.5MHz (Fs / 4), centered at 112.5MHz (it could be multiple sub-carriers in the same BW)

PF gB alo An

Input to ADC Sampling at 90MSPS

22.5

Fs/2 = 45 Nyquist

67.5

Fs=90M

112.5

135

Output of ADC Sampling at 90MSPS After Aliasing, or Down-Converting,

22.5 Fs/2 = 45 Nyquist 67.5

Fs=90M

112.5

45MHz of Bandwidth

This is perfect a digital down-converter (DDC) can recover the information with room for further practical digital filtering and digital frequency mixing usually to baseband. Many radio designs take full advantage of good aliasing to eliminate an entire analog frequency down-conversion stage saving board space, power, and money

Can all ADCs Under-sample?

Pipeline ADCs are usually designed to have Input Bandwidth that exceeds the intended operating range or Performance Bandwidth The ADS5463, with a 2GHz Input Bandwidth, could sample input frequencies up to 2GHz (carrier, not BW) at 500MSPS but the performance is frequency dependent There are ADCs that cannot under-sample, which are sometimes called Nyquist Converters, and are usually high precision and have much slower sample rates

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Transformers
Benefits
Isolated Input\Output does not pass DC! Common Mode can be applied to the center tap to bias ADC inputs Can provide voltage step-up or step down Can provide Single-ended to differential conversion Provides best AC performance, particularly at high-IF They are passive devices, no noise added

Limitations
Phase Balance Amplitude balance Flatness of bandwidth Frequency Bandwidth

Transformers Example
Dual transformer
Better balance of single ended to differential

Transformer is automatically AC coupled Can use VCM to bias at center tap, or at termination Balun is not AC coupled, need AC coupling external to balun

Input Circuit Buffered vs. Non-buffered

TI BiCMOS ADCs are generally buffered
Input buffer presents high input impedance Prevents noise from sampling caps from getting out Often have internal biasing to VCM

TI CMOS ADCs are often non-buffered (but not always)

Input is *not* constant impedance (i.e. not constant effective input capacitance vs. frequency) Sampling caps emit noise back onto the input signal at every edge of the sample clock Sampling glitch noise will have both single ended and common mode components

External filtering is often recommended to swallow up the sampling glitches

External R-C-R filter across inputs
Put pole of the filter higher than highest desired input frequency

Low impedance termination to VCM to hold more tightly to VCM

Ex: Two 25 Ohm terminations to VCM to terminate single 50 Ohm input

Problem: Higher ratio transformers or amplifiers desire higher termination or load imp. Effect of inadequate filtering of sampling glitches => loss of SFDR Trick: for specific input frequencies and sample rates, tuned RLC circuit across inputs

Sampling glitches may wreak havoc with amplifier stability

Same amplifier and filter that worked well with ADS5483 was unstable with ADS62P49

Amplifiers
Reasons to use an op-amp
Provide the gain needed for driving the ADC at its full dynamic range Used in DC or time domain applications Used in baseband applications!! The CM input of the op-amp can be used to level shift the signal to the right level for the ADC Used for SE to differential conversion

Considerations when using an op-amp

For best overall performance, the input bandwidth should be limited, such that unwanted noise is also band-limited Excellent performance can be achieved up to at least 100MHz or so of analog input

Amp + ADC *will* have worse AC performance than ADC itself

Must decide on target specs and design amp/filter to meet it

Amplifiers
Filter
Follow amp with bandpass filter if possible
Input bandwidth of the ADC might be 2GHz or more
Might represent many Nyquist zones

Noise floor will fold back many times

SNR
SNR of amp + filter combine with ADC by rms sum of powers
Can never get better SNR than ADC data sheet numbers, but amp + filter can degrade it

SFDR
SFDR of amp + filter combine with ADC linearly in voltage

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs

Max Current = 20 mA Max Voltage Swing = 1Vpp each leg Rload = 50 ohms

Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator

Case 1: Utilizing 3.3V Vcm Modulator like TRF370333
Two resistor network (per leg) No insertion loss

Case 2: Utilizing a Modulator with Vcm < 3.3V like TRF370317

3 resistor network (per leg) Insertion loss dependant on delta common mode voltage

Case 1

Case 2

Low Pass Filter Design Technique

Typically utilize LPF to eliminate high frequency noise and clock images Filter source impedance is set by R1, R2, R3 Filter Load impedance is set by R4 DAC Load impedance is set by R1, R2, R3, and R4
* RBW 10 kHz

Ref
10

10 dBm

* Att

20 dB

VBW 30 kHz SWT 6.2 s

Marker 2 [T1 ] -40.13 dBm 83.889230769 MHz Marker 1 [T1 ] -60.57 120.639589572 Marker 3 [T1 ] -80.10 307.200000000

0 1 AP CLRWR

dBm MHz dBm MHz

-10

-20

-30

2
-40

-50

1
-60

-70

3
-80

-90

Start

0 Hz

61.44 MHz/

Stop

614.4 MHz

DAC Filter Design Example

* RBW 10 kHz

Zin, Zout = 50 ohms SE 5th order Butterworth Filter Desired Corner Frequency = 70 MHz Designed Corner Frequency > 70 MHz
account for filter roll-off due to Q limitation of the inductors
1 AP CLRWR

Ref
10

10 dBm

* Att

20 dB

VBW 30 kHz SWT 6.2 s

Marker 2 [T1 ] -40.13 dBm 83.889230769 MHz Marker 1 [T1 ] -60.57 120.639589572 Marker 3 [T1 ] -80.10 307.200000000

dBm MHz dBm MHz

-10

-20

-30

2
-40

-50

1
-60

-70

3
-80

-90

Start

0 Hz

61.44 MHz/

Stop

614.4 MHz

Modify to differential topology

DAC Filter Example Schematic

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Interpolation
Additional samples are created on-chip provided sampling at >2x on the input data Benefits
Run the interface slower (i.e. lower data clock rate) get more distance between the signal of interest and the images, resulting in easier filtering. Also get benefits of higher oversample rates which can improve SNR. (processing gain)

The Cost
High speed logic to generate the interpolation filters

Interpolation Filters
We can use a digital filter to create accurate interpolated samples between the actual input sample Convolving with the SINC function can create nearly perfect values Ideal SINC function is infinite; must window in practice

Interpolation Filter Implementation

data_in

clk_1x clk_2x

b0 b2 b4 limit round 1 -1 limit 1 0 highpass 0 data_out

Utilize efficient shift and add circuitry. The filters are designed with the minimum number of add and subtract operations to minimize hardware

Special Features
QMC Adjustments
DC Offset Adjustment
Used to minimize LO Feedthrough

QMC Gain
Adjust digital gain of the signal Adjust for I/Q amplitude imbalance

QMC Phase
Adjust for I/Q phase imbalance

QMC Delay
Adjust for I/Q delay imbalance

Coarse Mixer
Adjust output to fs/2 or fs/4 to move signal to higher IF

NCO Numerically Controlled Oscillator

Used to adjust output frequency to any arbitrary frequency Programmable and adjustable on-the-fly Not limited to binary divisions of clock rate

100

100

100

100

Pattern Test

CLKVDD18

De-interleave

8 Sample FIFO

ALARM_SDO SDIO SDENB SCLK TXENABLE RESETB

Coarse Mixer Fs/4, -Fs/4, Fs/2

DIGVDD18 VFUSE
QMC Phase and Gain

DACVDD18

DAC Block Diagram (DAC3283)

GND

Programmable Delay (0-3T)

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Clock Jitter Impact to Data Converters

Random variation of the clock position compared to its ideal position with respect to time As clock position varies, the position of the sampling point varies Sampling at imprecise locations yield SNR degradation Theoretical limit of SNR due to jitter: SNR j = 20 log(2f in j )
where: fin = input frequency j = clock jitter

Jitter Impact with respect to Frequency

SNR is independent of sampling rate SNR is dependent on input frequency
For a given amount of jitter, SNR degrades as input frequency increases

SNR j = 20 log(2f in j )

Higher sampling rates indirectly lead to more stringent jitter requirements

Clock Jitter vs. Phase Noise

Jitter is related to the integrated phase noise performance over a specified BW

N [dBc] = L( f ) df
f0

f1

2 10 j [sec] = 2f clk

N 10

Where: L(f) = SSB noise power spectral density N= Phase Noise f0, f1= frequency limits of integration j = clock jitter

Phase Noise = Sum of the area under the curves

Total Data Converter SNR Performance

SNR contributions
Quantization noise:
6 * N{# of bits} + 1.76 dB

Clock jitter
Jitter or Phase Noise Performance

Aperture jitter
Value extracted from the datasheet

Thermal Noise
Value estimated from SNR performance from the datasheet at lowest IF

Total jitter is determined by rms sum of all individual contributions

T =

[ ]
i i

Total SNR is vector sum of all individual SNR contributions

Determining Clocking Requirements

Given SNR target from customer or standards Given ADC aperture jitter from device datasheet Given center frequency from customer specifications Calculate the clock jitter requirement

Jitter Calculator Worksheet: http://www.ti.com/litv/zip/slac133

ADS61B49 (14-bit 250 MSPS) Example

Aperture Jitter: Fin: SNR (from DS): 170 fs 450 MHz 66 dB
Calculate Jitter-limited SNR Input Frequency 450.00 MHz Aperture Jitter 170.00 fs rms Ext Clock Jitter 200.00 fs rms Total Jitter 262.49 fs rms SNR 62.59 dBc

Clock Jitter: (CDCE72010) SNR :

Input Frequency Aperture Jitter Ext Clock Jitter Total Jitter SNR 450.00 170.00 0.00 170.00 66.36 MHz fs rms fs rms fs rms dBc

200 fs 62.6 dB
Calculate Jitter-limited SNR Input Frequency 450.00 MHz Aperture Jitter 170.00 fs rms Ext Clock Jitter 200.00 fs rms Total Jitter 262.49 fs rms SNR 62.59 dBc

ADS61B49 at 450 MHz IF

Measurements match predicted values within 0.5 dB

TI Clocking Solutions for Data Converters

CDCM7005
External VCXO Ultra Low Jitter 5 output channels Programmable divider outputs

CDCE72010
External VCXO Ultra Low Jitter 10 output channels Extended Programmable divider outputs

CDCE62005
Integrated Low Jitter Frequency Synthesizer 5 output channel Wide range of programmable divider outputs

CDCE52005
Integrated Dual PLL Ultra Low Jitter Synthesizer

TI Clocking Solutions for Data Converters

CDC7005 CDCE7005
Jitter: ~180 250 fs

Internal VCO Dependent

CDCE62005
Jitter: ~ 660 fs

CDCE52005
Jitter: ~220 fs

CDCE62005

CDCE72010

VCXO Dependent

With 400kHz PLL BW

DAC3283 ACPR/NSD Example

NSD (Noise Spectral Density) Relationship to ACPR (Adjacent Channel Power Ratio)
ACPR [dBc] = Pout (NSN [dBc/Hz] * 10*log(BW)) Example
NSN = -160 dBc/Hz (from datasheet) BW = 3.84 MHz (from standards) Pout = -7.7 dBm (at 70 MHz) Alt-ACPR [dBc] = 86.5 dBc

WCDMA ACPR Performance (DAC3283 EVM)

over Frequency and Clock Jitter using External Clock and CDCE62005
Ref -12.5 dBm -20 -30 * Att 10 dB * RBW 30 kHz * VBW 300 kHz * SWT 2 s Marker 2 [T1 ] -104.29 dB 24.000000000 MHz Ref -12.5 dBm Marker 1 [T1 ] -20 -104.29 dB -30 24.000000000 MHz -40 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 1 2 -100 -110 2.55 MHz/ Center 25.5 MHz Span 20 MHz 2.55 MHz/ Span 25.5 MHz 1 2 NOR * Att 10 dB * RBW 30 kHz * VBW 300 kHz * SWT 2 s Marker 2 [T1 ] -105.71 dB 24.000000000 MHz Marker 1 [T1 ] -105.71 dB 24.000000000 MHz

20 MHz

CDC Clock

-40 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -60 -70 -80 -90 -100 -110 Center 20 MHz

Ext Clock

Tx Channel Bandwidth Adjacent Channel Bandwidth Spacing Alternate Channel Bandwidth Spacing

W-CDMA 3GPP FWD 3.84 MHz

Power Lower Upper Lower Upper

* RBW 30 kHz * VBW 300 kHz * SWT 2 s

-7.14 dBm -81.08 dB -79.95 dB

Tx Channel Bandwidth Adjacent Channel Bandwidth Spacing Alternate Channel

W-CDMA 3GPP FWD 3.84 MHz

Power Lower Upper Lower Upper

* RBW 30 kHz * VBW 300 kHz * SWT 2 s

-7.14 dBm -80.70 dB -79.78 dB -83.21 dB -84.52 dB

Marker 2 [T1 ] -103.58 dB 255.320000000 MHz Marker 1 [T1 ] -103.58 dB 255.320000000 MHz

3.84 MHz 5 MHz

3.84 MHz 5 MHz

3.84 MHz 10 MHz

-82.80 dB Bandwidth Spacing -84.65 dB

3.84 MHz 10 MHz

Ref -14.6 dBm -20 -30

* Att

10 dB

Marker 2 [T1 ] -103.73 dB 255.320000000 MHz Ref -14.5 dBm Marker -20[T1 ] 1 -103.73 dB -30 255.320000000 MHz -40 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -60 -70 -80

* Att

10 dB

259 MHz

-40 1 RM * CLRWR -50 -60 -70 -80 -90

CDC Clock

Ext Clock
NOR

-90 1 2 -100 -110 2.55 MHz/ Center 25.5 MHzMHz Span 259.32 2.55 MHz/ Span 25.5 MHz 1 2

-100 -110 Center 259.32 MHz

Tx Channel Bandwidth Adjacent Channel Bandwidth Spacing Alternate Channel Bandwidth Spacing

W-CDMA 3GPP FWD 3.84 MHz

Power Lower Upper Lower Upper

-9.23 dBm -74.88 dB -74.00 dB

Tx Channel Bandwidth Adjacent Channel Bandwidth Spacing Alternate Channel

W-CDMA 3GPP FWD 3.84 MHz

Power Lower Upper Lower Upper

-9.26 dBm -76.76 dB -76.38 dB -79.37 dB -78.78 dB

3.84 MHz 5 MHz

3.84 MHz 5 MHz

3.84 MHz 10 MHz

-77.74 dB Bandwidth Spacing -76.37 dB

3.84 MHz 10 MHz

Example ADC SNR with Different CDC Devices

Test with ADC62C17 (11-bit)
Engage SNR Boost Measurement BW = ~ 20 MHz Fin = 150 MHz; Fclk = 122.88 MHz Expected SNR Performance with SNR_Boost1 = ~72 dBFS

(1) Extrapolated from SNR contour plots and expected SNR Boost improvement

Performance with Subpar Clock

CDCE62005
Jitter = ~650 fs SNR (20 MHz BW) = 62.4 dBFS

Performance with Realistic Clock

CDCE72010
Jitter: ~300 fs SNR = 71.1 dBFS

Dual PLL
Jitter: ~220 fs SNR = 72.3 dBFS

Clock Thermal Noise Impact to SNR

Thermal noise causes random variations in clock amplitude Random variations alter zero-crossings or transition boundary location with respect to time (similar to jitter) These variations yield SNR degradation.

Sinusoidal Clock Amplitude

Maximizing the clock amplitude increases the slope of the sinusoidal clock signal at the transition boundaries and reduces thermal noise impact

Band Limit Clock Phase Noise

Clock jitter performance integrated over entire clock input BW
Input BW can be up to 1 GHz for high speed converters Some band limiting filter needed

For very sensitive jitter requirements, add narrow band Crystal filter on output
Requires CMOS output or amplifier to overcome insertion loss Crystal Filter BW around 14 kHz Small SMT devices available

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

Special Section: China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

Power Supply
Most ADCs have separate supplies for analog and digital circuitry
Analog supply must be kept clean Check PSSR in datasheet, but normally <20mV ok

Traditionally an LDO regulator is used for each supply voltage

Safe approach Still need good design, layout, and bypassing Degrades efficiency must dissipate power in LDO

Migrating toward use of DC-DC converters

New converters are very small (smaller than LDOs) Improved efficiency High switching frequencies yield to smaller inductors and easier filtering Yield good performance

Traditional ADC Power Supply

Typical LDO drop out voltage ~0.5V (with DC/DC) Often LDO connected directly to the input rail

Ideal loss in the LDO Tradeoff between number of regulators and efficiency Best efficiency is to minimize drop across LDO But lowest device count may be to drop from existing next highest voltage rail.
Drop out voltage of LDO 3.3V Output 1.8V Output 0.5V 13% 22% 1V 26% 36% 1.7V (5V) 34% 45% 1.5V (3.3V)

DC-DC Power Supplies

Included on EVMs for newer lower power ADCs
ADS41xx, ADS42xx, ADS58C48
Option to compare DC-DC supply, LDO, and bench supply

Optimize power supply for max power efficiency while maintaining performance

Ferrite Bead Choice?

Ferrite bead after DC-DC (or LDO) provides filtering and supply isolation LF202 ferrite provides highest impedance at switching frequency
TPS62590 switching frequency is 2.25 MHz

Standard ADC ferrite provides higher impedance at higher frequencies

Useful for providing isolation from RF signals

LF202 ~75 at switching frequency

Standard ferrite beat on ADC EVMs

Power Supply Comparisons ADS4149 at 250MSPS

Negligible SFDR degradation with DC-DC Negligible SNR degradation below 170 MHz Only 0.3 dB SNR hit at 300 MHz IF Ferrite bead choice is critical
SFDR (dBc) vs Fin (MHz) @ 250Msps
95 1.8V Lab Supply DCDC - LF202 90 LDO - ADC ferrite DCDC - ADC ferrite

SNR (dBFS) vs Fin (MHz) @ 250Msps

72 71.5 71 70.5 70 69.5 1.8V Lab Supply DCDC - LF202 LDO - ADC ferrite DCDC - ADC ferrite

85

80

75

69
70 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 68.5

Fin (MHz)

50

100

150

200

250

300

Fin (MHz)

Agenda
Sampling Theory
Nyquist Rate Aliasing Under-sampling

Real World Clocking Solutions

Clock Jitter impact to Data Converter Performance Jitter Impact as Related to Input Frequency TI High Performance Clocking Solutions Clock Improvement Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - ADC

Passive Transformer Interface Buffer vs. Non-buffered Device Active Op-Amp Interface

Power Supply Considerations

Utilizing DC-DC Converters for Efficient Supplies Power Supply Noise Reduction Techniques

Analog Signal Chain Interface - DAC

Proper Load for Current Sink DACs Interface Network to Quadrature Modulator Low Pass Filter Design Techniques

China Export Restrictions and SNRBoost

Current Export Restrictions SNRBoost3G noise shaper ADS58C48 Out of band noise gain in SNRBoost

DAC Special Features

Interpolation Filters Digital Signal Adjustments (QMC) NCO option DAC3283 Example Diagram

What are the export restrictions for ADCs?

Resolu Max Fs tion 9 500 11 200 12 105

The export restrictions are updated periodically as data converter technology improves Takes into account commercial vs. military system needs Supplier and government inputs Multi-national negotiation (US, Europe, Japan) lengthens process

ADS58C48
Quad channel 11 Bit 200 MSPS withSNRBoost3G TI PATENTED TECHNOLOGY
New and Improved SNRBoost3G:
SNRboost3G is the 3rd generation ADC from TI. TI invented and patented SNRboost technology. New, optimized wideband modes (up to 60M @ 184.32 MSPS) for 3G wireless technology Features flat noise performance inband.

SNRBoost3G Bandwidth modes

60M: Center frequency adjustable in 7 steps in 5.3M from Fs/4 40M: Center frequency adjustable in 9 steps in 6.5M from Fs/4 30M: Center frequency adjustable in 10 steps in 7M from Fs/4 20M: Center frequency adjustable in 10 steps in 8M from Fs/4 Quad, 11-Bit resolution, 200MSPS Ultra-low power technology: all 4ch on, the total Power Dissipation =1.1W Selectable DDR LVDS or CMOS output. Pin control of SNRboost 80 pin QFP

Specs and Features:

NDA Protected Material

Total Out of Band Noise Increases with % BW of Nyquist BW

Case #1 FS=122.88M, BW=40M Case #2 FS=184.32M, BW=40M

More total power for 65% occupied BW than for 43% occupied BW
2010/8/8 TI Proprietary Information - Strictly Private or similar placed here if applicable 55

Noise Gain in SNR Boost

30

Noise Shaping Circuit

25 20 Value 15 10 5 0

Current Sample

10 T ap

15

20

25

Past quantization errors

Filter FFT
60

Filter taps

Noise shaping INCREASES noise during shaping process With no noise shaping, quantization has a maximum of 0.5 output LSBs Noise shaping peak value increases by SUM(ABS(filter taps))
12 dB Suppression

40 Response (dB)

20

-20

Increased headroom needed to avoid saturation with noise shaping added to input signal

-40 0

20

40 60 Frequency (MHz)

80

Noise Gain in SNR Boost

More filter taps and larger total sum required for higher BW/Fs ratios and filters offset from mid-band Example at 184.32 MSPS
Noise shaped signal without ADC input signal
1000 800 600

40 MHz centered
Code

400 200 0 -200 -400 -600 -800 -1000 0 1 2 Sample 3 4 x 10 5

4

60 MHz centered 60 MHz offset 10 MHz

ADC input headroom required to prevent saturation

BW (MHz) Filter Sum Headroom (dB) 20 6.9 0.03 30 11.4 0.05 40 29.7 0.13 60 171 0.76

Thank You!