Table of Contents

1 .Review of python basics 3-14

1.1Program to check if a number is prime or not

1.2 Python program to check if the number is an Armstrong number or not

1.3PYTHON PROGRAM TO CHECK IF NUMBER IS PALINDROME OR NOT
1.4PYTHON PROGRAM FOR FIBBONACCI SERIES
1.5PYTHON PROGRAM FOR TRIBBONACCI SERIES

1.6python program for binary to decimal conversion

1.7PYTHON PROGRAM FOR DECIMAL TO OCTAL CONVERSION

1.8PROGRAM FOR DICE

1.9PYTHON PROGRAM FOR SERIES 1 TO 20

2 .FUNCTIONS 15-32

2.1Menu driven programme for even number odd number and number with series

2.2Menu driven programme to convert case of given text as users choice

2.3Write a programme using functions to calculate simple interest compound interest and emi for a plan

2.4Calculate area of different shapes circle I square a rectangle a parallelogram and trapezium

2.5Python programme to count following forgiveness number of alphabets number of words number of
vowels frequency of characters

3 .FILE HANDILING 33-52

3.1TEXT FILE 33-41

3.1.1Write a program to read data from text file and display number of Vowels and constant
3.1.2Write a program to read data from a text file at display word which have max and min
connectors
3.1.3Write a python programme with function to filter (old file ,new file) that copies all the lines of a
text file "source.txt" onto "target.txt" except those lines which start with "@" sign

3.1.4Write a python programme with function to read the text file data.txt and display those words
which have less than four characters

3.2 BINARY FILE 42-45

3.3 CSV FILE 46-52

3.3.1Write user defined function to perform read and write operations on to a “student.csv” file
having fields roll number name stream and marks

3.3.2User defined function to perform different functions

(a)write a single record to csv

(b)write all the records in one single go onto the cs

(C)display the contents of the csv file

4.STACK 53-57

4.1Write menu based programme to add delete and display the record of hostel using list as stack

5.SQL QUERIES 58-60

6.PYTHON SQL CONNECTIVITY 61-64

Menu driven programme to demonstrate four major operations performed on a table through my
sql python connectivity
REVIEW OF
PYTHON
BASICS
 # Program to check if a number is
prime or not
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
if num > 1:
for i in range(2,num):
if (num % i) == 0:
print(num,"is not a prime number")
break
else:
print(num,"is a prime number")
else:
print(num,"is not a prime number")

output
# Python program to check if the
number is an Armstrong number or not
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
sum = 0
temp = num
while temp > 0:
digit = temp % 10
sum += digit ** 3
temp //= 10
if num == sum:
print(num,"is an Armstrong number")
else:
print(num,"is not an Armstrong number")

output
#PYTHON PROGRAM TO CHECK IF
NUMBER IS PALINDROME OR NOT

n=int(input("Enter number:"))
temp=n
rev=0
while(n>0):
dig=n%10
rev=rev*10+dig
n=n//10
if(temp==rev):
print("The number is a palindrome!")
else:
print("The number isn't a palindrome!”)

output
# PYTHON PROGRAM FOR FIBBONACCI
SERIES
n = int(input("Enter the number of terms for the
Fibonacci series: "))
a, b = 0, 1
if n <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer.")
elif n == 1:
print("Fibonacci series up to", n, "terms:")
print(a)
else:
print("Fibonacci series up to", n, "terms:")
print(a, b, end=" ")
for _ in range(2, n):
next_term = a + b
print(next_term, end=" ")
a, b = b, next_term
output
#PYTHON PROGRAM FOR
TRIBBONACCI SERIES
n = int(input("Enter the number of terms for the Tribonacci
series: "))
if n <= 0:
print("Please enter a positive integer.")
elif n == 1:
print("Tribonacci series up to", n, "term:")
print(0)
elif n == 2:
print("Tribonacci series up to", n, "terms:")
print(0, 0)
else:
tribonacci_series = [0, 0, 1]
if n >= 3:
print("Tribonacci series up to", n, "terms:")
print(0, 0, 1, end=" ")
for _ in range(3, n):
next_term = tribonacci_series[-1] + tribonacci_series[-
2] + tribonacci_series[-3]
tribonacci_series.append(next_term)
print(next_term, end=" ")
output
# python program for binary to decimal
conversion
binary_number = input("Enter a binary number: ")

# Convert binary to decimal

decimal_number = int(binary_number, 2)

print("Decimal equivalent:", decimal_number)

output
# PYTHON PROGRAM FOR DECIMAL TO
OCTAL CONVERSION
decimal = int(input("Enter a decimal number: "))
# Initialize variables
octal = ""
# Handle the special case of 0
if decimal == 0:
octal = "0"
else:
# Convert decimal to octal
while decimal > 0:
remainder = decimal % 8
octal = str(remainder) + octal
decimal = decimal // 8
print(f"The octal equivalent is: {octal}")

output
# PROGRAM FOR DICE
import random

while True:
input("Press Enter to roll the dice...")
result = random.randint(1, 6)
print(f"You rolled a {result}")
play_again = input("Do you want to roll again? (yes/no):
").lower()
if play_again != "yes":
break

output
#PYTHON PROGRAM FOR SERIES 1 TO
20

# Print numbers from 1 to 20

for number in range(1, 21):
print(number, end=" ")

output
FUNCTIONS
# Menu driven programme for even
number odd number and number with
series
# Function to check if a number is even or odd
def is_even_or_odd(number):
if number % 2 == 0:
return "even"
else:
return "odd"
# Function to generate a series of numbers
def generate_series(start, end):
return list(range(start, end + 1))
while True:
print("Menu:")
print("1. Check if a number is even or odd")
print("2. Generate a series of numbers")
print("3. Exit")
choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3): ")
if choice == '1':
number = int(input("Enter a number: "))
result = is_even_or_odd(number)
 print(f"{number} is an {result} number.")
elif choice == '2':
start = int(input("Enter the starting number: "))
end = int(input("Enter the ending number: "))
series = generate_series(start, end)
print("Series of numbers:", series)
elif choice == '3':
print("Goodbye!")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option (1/2/3).")
output
#Menu driven programme to convert
case of given text as users choice
# Function to convert text to sentence case
def to_sentence_case(text):
return text.capitalize()

# Function to convert text to lower case

def to_lower_case(text):
return text.lower()

# Function to convert text to upper case

def to_upper_case(text):
return text.upper()

# Function to convert text to title case

def to_title_case(text):
return text.title()

while True:
print("Menu:")
print("1. Convert text to Sentence Case")
print("2. Convert text to lowercase")
print("3. Convert text to UPPERCASE")
print("4. Convert text to Title Case")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3/4/5): ")

if choice == '1':
text = input("Enter text to convert to Sentence Case: ")
result = to_sentence_case(text)
print("Converted text:", result)
elif choice == '2':
text = input("Enter text to convert to lowercase: ")
result = to_lower_case(text)
print("Converted text:", result)
elif choice == '3':
text = input("Enter text to convert to UPPERCASE: ")
result = to_upper_case(text)
print("Converted text:", result)
elif choice == '4':
text = input("Enter text to convert to Title Case: ")
 result = to_title_case(text)
print("Converted text:", result)
elif choice == '5':
print("Goodbye!")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option
(1/2/3/4/5).")

output
#Write a programme using functions to
calculate simple interest compound
interest and emi for a plan
# Function to calculate Simple Interest (SI)
def simple_interest(principal, rate, time):
si = (principal * rate * time) / 100
return si

# Function to calculate Compound Interest (CI)

def compound_interest(principal, rate, time, n):
ci = principal * ((1 + (rate / (n * 100))) ** (n * time)) -
principal
return ci

# Function to calculate Monthly Installment (MI)

def monthly_installment(principal, rate, time, n):
mi = (principal * rate / 100) / (n * (1 - (1 + rate / (n * 100))
** (-n * time)))
return mi

print("Loan Calculator Program")

principal = float(input("Enter the principal amount: "))
rate = float(input("Enter the annual interest rate (in
percentage): "))
time = float(input("Enter the time period (in years): "))
n = int(input("Enter the number of times interest is
compounded per year: "))

si = simple_interest(principal, rate, time)

ci = compound_interest(principal, rate, time, n)
mi = monthly_installment(principal, rate, time, n)

print("\nResults:")
print(f"Simple Interest (SI): {si:.2f}")
print(f"Compound Interest (CI): {ci:.2f}")
print(f"Monthly Installment (MI): {mi:.2f}")

output
# Calculate area of different shapes
circle I square a rectangle a
parallelogram and trapezium
import math

# Function to calculate the area of a circle

def calculate_circle_area(radius):
return math.pi * radius ** 2

# Function to calculate the area of a square

def calculate_square_area(side_length):
return side_length ** 2

# Function to calculate the area of a rectangle

def calculate_rectangle_area(length, width):
return length * width

# Function to calculate the area of a parallelogram

def calculate_parallelogram_area(base, height):
return base * height
# Function to calculate the area of a trapezium
def calculate_trapezium_area(base1, base2, height):
return 0.5 * (base1 + base2) * height

while True:
print("Menu:")
print("1. Calculate the area of a circle")
print("2. Calculate the area of a square")
print("3. Calculate the area of a rectangle")
print("4. Calculate the area of a parallelogram")
print("5. Calculate the area of a trapezium")
print("6. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3/4/5/6): ")

if choice == '1':
radius = float(input("Enter the radius of the circle: "))
area = calculate_circle_area(radius)
print(f"The area of the circle is {area:.2f} square units.")
elif choice == '2':
side_length = float(input("Enter the side length of the
square: "))
 area = calculate_square_area(side_length)
print(f"The area of the square is {area:.2f} square units.")
elif choice == '3':
length = float(input("Enter the length of the rectangle: "))
width = float(input("Enter the width of the rectangle: "))
area = calculate_rectangle_area(length, width)
print(f"The area of the rectangle is {area:.2f} square
units.")
elif choice == '4':
base = float(input("Enter the base of the parallelogram:
"))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the
parallelogram: "))
area = calculate_parallelogram_area(base, height)
print(f"The area of the parallelogram is {area:.2f} square
units.")
elif choice == '5':
base1 = float(input("Enter the first base of the
trapezium: "))
base2 = float(input("Enter the second base of the
trapezium: "))
height = float(input("Enter the height of the trapezium:
"))
area = calculate_trapezium_area(base1, base2, height)
 print(f"The area of the trapezium is {area:.2f} square
units.")
elif choice == '6':
print("Goodbye!")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option
(1/2/3/4/5/6).")
output
#Python programme to count following
forgiveness number of alphabets
number of words number of vowels
frequency of characters
# Function to count the number of alphabets
def count_alphabets(text):
return sum(1 for char in text if char.isalpha())

# Function to count the number of words

def count_words(text):
words = text.split()
return len(words)

# Function to count the number of vowels

def count_vowels(text):
vowels = "AEIOUaeiou"
return sum(1 for char in text if char in vowels)

# Function to calculate the frequency of characters

def character_frequency(text):
frequency = {}
 for char in text:
if char.isalpha():
char = char.lower() # Consider both uppercase and
lowercase characters as the same
frequency[char] = frequency.get(char, 0) + 1
return frequency

while True:
print("Menu:")
print("1. Count the number of alphabets")
print("2. Count the number of words")
print("3. Count the number of vowels")
print("4. Calculate the frequency of characters")
print("5. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3/4/5): ")

text = input("Enter the text: ")

if choice == '1':
count = count_alphabets(text)
print(f"Number of alphabets: {count}")
elif choice == '2':
 count = count_words(text)
print(f"Number of words: {count}")
elif choice == '3':
count = count_vowels(text)
print(f"Number of vowels: {count}")
elif choice == '4':
frequency = character_frequency(text)
print("Frequency of characters:")
for char, count in frequency.items():
print(f"{char}: {count} times")
elif choice == '5':
print("Goodbye!")
break
else:
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option
(1/2/3/4/5).")

OUTPUT
File handling
 TEXT FILE
#Write a programme to read data from
text file and display number of Vowels
and constant
def count_vowels_and_consonants(filename):
try:
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
text = file.read()

vowels = "AEIOUaeiou"
vowel_count = 0
consonant_count = 0

for char in text:

if char.isalpha():
if char in vowels:
vowel_count += 1
else:
consonant_count += 1

print("Number of vowels:", vowel_count)

 print("Number of consonants:", consonant_count)

except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", str(e))

# Example usage:
# Replace 'your_text_file.txt' with the name of your text file.
count_vowels_and_consonants('para.txt')

output
# Write a programme to read data from
a text file at display word which have
max and min connectors

def find_max_min_word(filename):
try:
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
text = file.read()
words = text.split()
if not words:
print("The file is empty.")
return
max_word = min_word = words[0]
for word in words:
if len(word) > len(max_word):
max_word = word
if len(word) < len(min_word):
min_word = word
print(f"Word with the maximum characters: {max_word}")
print(f"Word with the minimum characters: {min_word}")
 except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
except Exception as e: print("An error occurred:", str(e)
find_max_min_word('your_text_file.txt')

output
#Write a python programme with
function to filtre (old file ,new file) that
copies all the lines of a text file
"source.txt" onto "target.txt" except
those lines which start with "@" sign
def filter_and_copy_lines(source_file, target_file):
try:
with open(source_file, 'r') as source, open(target_file,
'w') as target:
for line in source:
if not line.startswith('@'):
target.write(line)
print("Filtered and copied successfully.")
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", str(e))

filter_and_copy_lines('source.txt', 'target.txt')
output
#Write a python programme
with function to read the text
file data.txt and display those
words which have less than
four characters
def display_short_words(filename):
try:
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
text = file.read()
words = text.split()
short_words = [word for word in words if len(word) <4]
print("Words with less than four characters:")
for word in short_words:
 print(word)
except FileNotFoundError:
print("File not found.")
except Exception as e:
print("An error occurred:", str(e))
display_short_words('para.txt')

output
 BINARY FILE
import pickle
def addrec():
l=[]
f=open("data.dat","ab")
rn=int(input("enter room number"))
pr=int(input("enter the price of room"))
rt=input("enter the type of room")
l=[rn,pr,rt]
pickle.dump(l,f)
print("record added in the file")
f.close()
addrec()
def disp():
try:
f=open("data.dat","rb")
while true:
d=pickle.load(f)
print(d)
except:
f.close()
disp()
def specific_rec(rno):
try:
f1=open("data.dat","rb")
while true:
d=pickle.load(f1)
if rno==d[0]:
print(d)
except:
f1.close()

rno=int(input("enter room no.tto search"))

specific_rec(rno)
import os
def mod():
roll=int(input("enter room no. whose record you want to
modify"))

try:
file=open("data.dat","rb")
f=open("temp1.dat","wb")

while true:
 d=pickle.load(file)
if roll==d[0]:
d[1]=int(input("enter modified price"))
d[2]=input("enter modified room type")
pickle.dump(d,f)
except:
print("record updated")
file.close()
f.close()
os.remove("data.dat")
os.rename("temp1.dat","data.dat")
mod()
import os
def delete():
roll=int(input("enter room no. whose record you want to
delete"))
try:
file=open("data.dat","rb")
f=open("temp1.dat","wb")
while true:
d=pickle.load(file)
if roll!=d[0]:
 pickle.dump(d,f)
else:
found=1

except:
print("record deleted")
file.close()
f.close()
os.remove("data.dat")
os.rename("temp1.dat","data.dat")
delete()
output
 CSV FILE
#Write user defined function to perform read and write
operations on to a “student.csv” file having fields roll number
name stream and marks
import csv
def read_student_data(file_name):
student_data = []
try:
with open(file_name, mode='r', newline='') as file:
csv_reader = csv.DictReader(file)
for row in csv_reader:
student_data.append(row)
except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"File '{file_name}' not found.")
return student_data

# Function to write student data to a CSV file

def write_student_data(file_name, student_data):
fieldnames = ['roll_number', 'name', 'stream', 'marks']
try:
with open(file_name, mode='w', newline='') as file:
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(file,
fieldnames=fieldnames)
 csv_writer.writeheader()
for student in student_data:
csv_writer.writerow(student)
except Exception as e:
print(f"Error writing to file: {str(e)}")

# Sample usage of the functions

file_name = 'student_data.csv'

# Sample student data

students = [
{'roll_number': '101', 'name': 'John Doe', 'stream': 'Science',
'marks': '90'},
{'roll_number': '102', 'name': 'Jane Smith', 'stream': 'Arts',
'marks': '85'},
{'roll_number': '103', 'name': 'Alice Johnson', 'stream':
'Commerce', 'marks': '88'}
]

# Write student data to the CSV file

write_student_data(file_name, students)
print("Student data written to file.")
# Read student data from the CSV file
read_data = read_student_data(file_name)
print("Student data read from file:")
for student in read_data:
print(student)
#User defined function to perform different functions
(a)write a single record to csv
(b)write all the records in one single go onto the cs
(C)display the contents of the csv file
import csv
file_name = 'student_data.csv'
def write_single_record():
roll_number = input("Enter Roll Number: ")
name = input("Enter Name: ")
stream = input("Enter Stream: ")
marks = input("Enter Marks: ")

with open(file_name, mode='a', newline='') as file:

fieldnames = ['roll_number', 'name', 'stream', 'marks']
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
csv_writer.writerow({'roll_number': roll_number, 'name':
name, 'stream': stream, 'marks': marks})

print("Record written to the CSV file.")

# Function to write all records to a CSV file

def write_all_records():
 records = []

while True:
roll_number = input("Enter Roll Number (or type 'done'
to finish): ")
if roll_number.lower() == 'done':
break
name = input("Enter Name: ")
stream = input("Enter Stream: ")
marks = input("Enter Marks: ")
records.append({'roll_number': roll_number, 'name':
name, 'stream': stream, 'marks': marks})

with open(file_name, mode='w', newline='') as file:

fieldnames = ['roll_number', 'name', 'stream', 'marks']
csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(file, fieldnames=fieldnames)
csv_writer.writeheader()
csv_writer.writerows(records)

print("All records written to the CSV file.")

while True:
 print("\nCSV File Menu:")
print("1. Write a Single Record")
print("2. Write All Records")
print("3. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice: ")

if choice == "1":
write_single_record()

elif choice == "2":

write_all_records()

elif choice == "3":

break

else:
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option.")

output
Stack
#Write menu based programme to add
delete and display the record of hostel
using list as stack
def add_record(stack, record):
stack.append(record)
print("Record added successfully.")
def delete_record(stack):
if not stack:
print("The stack is empty. No records to delete.")
else:
removed_record = stack.pop()
print(f"Record removed: {removed_record}")
def display_records(stack):
if not stack:
 print("The stack is empty. No records to display.")
else:
print("Records in the stack:")
for record in stack:
print(f"Hostel Number: {record[0]}, Total Students:
{record[1]}, Total Rooms: {record[2]}")
hostel_records = []
while True:
print("Menu:")
print("1. Add a record")
print("2. Delete the top record")
print("3. Display all records")
print("4. Exit")

choice = input("Enter your choice (1/2/3/4): ")

if choice == '1':
hostel_number = input("Enter Hostel Number: ")
total_students = input("Enter Total Students: ")
total_rooms = input("Enter Total Rooms: ")
record = (hostel_number, total_students, total_rooms)
add_record(hostel_records, record)
 elif choice == '2':
delete_record(hostel_records)
elif choice == '3':
display_records(hostel_records)
elif choice == '4':
print("Goodbye!")
break
print("Invalid choice. Please select a valid option
(1/2/3/4).")

output
SQL QUERIES
(1) Create table a school bus (rt no integer(20), area covered
varchar(), Capacity integer(20), Noofstudents Integer(), transporter
integer(), charges integer):
(2) Desc school bus;
(3) Insert into schoolbus
values(1,’vasantkunj’,100,120,10,’shivam travels’,100000);
(4) Select * from schoolbus;
(5) Select * from SchoolBus order by Rtno where Capacity >
Noofstudent;
(6) Select Area_cover from SchoolBus where Distance > 20 and
Charges < 80000 ;
(7) SELECT TRANSPORTER , SUM(NoOfStudents) FROM SCHOOLBUS
GROUP BY TRANSPORTER;
(8) Select rtno , area_covered , Charges / Noofstudent as Average
from SchoolBus ;
(9) Insert into SchoolBus values (11, "Motibagh", 35, 32, 10, "kisan
tours", 35000) ;
(10) Select sum(distance) from school bus where transporter= "Yadav
travels";
(11) Select min(no of students) from school bus;
(12) Select avg(charges) from school bus where transporter = "Anand
travels";
(13) Select distinct transporter from school bus;
(14)select * from schoolbus order by area_covered;
(15) update sschoolbus set distance=’30’ where
area_covered=’janakpuri’;
(16) delete from schoolbus where area_covered=’janakpuri’;
Rtno Area_Covered Capacity NoofStudents Distance Transporter Charges

1 Vasant Kunj 100 120 10 Shivam travels 100000

2 Hauz Khas 80 80 10 Anand travels 85000

3 Pitampura 60 55 30 Anand travels 60000

4 Rohini 100 90 35 Anand travels 100000

5 Yamuna Vihar 50 60 20 Bhalla travels 55000

6 Krishna Nagar 70 80 30 Yadav travels 80000

7 Vasundhara 100 110 20 Yadav travels 100000

8 Paschim Vihar 40 40 20 Speed travels 55000

9 Saket 120 120 10 Speed travels 100000

10 Janakpuri 100 100 20 Kisan Tours 95000

Python sql
connectivity
#Menu driven programme to
demonstrate four major operations
performed on a table through my sql
python connectivity
• import qrcode
• import sqlite3
• # Establishing SQLite connection
• conn = sqlite3.connect('qrcode_data.db')
• cursor = conn.cursor()
• # Creating a table to store QR code data
• cursor.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS qr_codes
• (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
• data TEXT NOT NULL,
• file_name TEXT NOT NULL)''')
• conn.commit()
• def generate_qr_code(data, file_name):
• qr = qrcode.QRCode(version=1, box_size=10, border=4)
• qr.add_data(data)
• qr.make(fit=True)
• qr_img = qr.make_image(fill_color="black",
back_color="white")
• qr_img.save(file_name)
• print(f"QR code generated and saved as {file_name}")
• def save_qr_code_data(data, file_name):
• cursor.execute("INSERT INTO qr_codes (data, file_name)
VALUES (?, ?)", (data, file_name))
• conn.commit()
• print("QR code data saved successfully.")
• def display_qr_code_data():
• cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM qr_codes")
• qr_codes = cursor.fetchall()
• if qr_codes:
• print("QR code data:")
• for qr_code in qr_codes:
• print(f"ID: {qr_code[0]}, Data: {qr_code[1]}, File Name:
{qr_code[2]}")
• else:
• print("No QR code data found.")
• while True:
• print("Menu:")
• print("1. Generate QR code")
• print("2. Save QR code data")
• print("3. Display QR code data")
• print("4. Exit")
• choice = input("Enter your choice (1-4): ")
• if choice == "1":
• data = input("Enter the data for the QR code: ")
• file_name = input("Enter the file name to save the QR code
(with extension): ")
• generate_qr_code(data, file_name)
• elif choice == "2":
• data = input("Enter the data name to save: ")
• file_name = input("Enter the file name associated with the
data: ")
• save_qr_code_data(data, file_name)
• elif choice == "3":
• display_qr_code_data()
• elif choice == "4":
• break
• else:
• print("Invalid choice. Please try again.")
• # Closing the SQLite connection
• conn.close()