(Autonomous Institute, Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum)
July / August 2017 Supplementary Semester Examinations
Course: IRRIGATION & HYDRAULIC STRUCTURES Duration: 3 hrs Course Code: 11CV7DCIHS Max Marks: 100 Date: 27.07.2017 Instructions: Question No. 1 is compulsory. Answer any 4 full questions from question No. 2 to question No. 6. Assume missing data suitably. Draw neat sketches wherever necessary Use of Khosla’s pressure curves is allowed
1 a) Explain the necessity of irrigation in a tropical country like India. 05
b) With a neat sketch explain the various forms of soil moisture. 05 c) Explain the different types of reservoirs based on their functions. 05 d) Explain with neat sketches the structural failure of earthen dams. 05
2 a) Discuss the benefits and ill-effects of Irrigation 06
b) Explain the terms duty and delta derive a relationship between Duty, Delta and 06 Base period. c) A water course has culturable commanded area of 2600 hectares, out of which the 08 intensities of irrigation for perennial sugar-cane and rice crops are 20% and 40% respectively. The duty for these crops at the head of water course is 750 hectares/cumec and 1800 hectares/cumec respectively. Estimate the discharge required at the head of water course if the peak demand is 120% of the average requirement.
3 a) In an irrigation project, water is diverted from a river at a rate 125 lit/sec to an 08
irrigation canal. The water is carried through canal to the fields and is delivered at the rate 100 lit/sec. An area of 1.6 ha is irrigated using this water in 8 hours. Assume that the entire area is under maize cultivation. Effective root zone of maize is 1.7 m. The runoff loss in the field is measured as 420 m3. The depth of water penetration varies linearly from 1.7 m at the head end of the field to 1.3 m at the tail end. Available moisture holding capacity of the soil is 20 cm per metre depth of soil. The irrigation is started when the moisture content falls to 50% of the available moisture. Estimate (i) Water conveyance efficiency (ii) Water application efficiency (iii) Water storage efficiency and (iv) Water distribution efficiency. b) A sandy loam soil holds water at 140 mm/m depth between field capacity and 06 permanent wilting point. Effective root depth of the crop is 30 cm. Allowable moisture depletion in the root zone is 35%. The area to be irrigated is 60 ha, and daily consumptive use by the crop is 5 mm. Through the irrigation canal, water can be delivered at 28 lit/sec. Assume that there are no rainfall and groundwater contributions. Estimate (i) The frequency of irrigation (ii) Volume of irrigation water required and (iii) Time required to irrigate a 4 ha plot
c) Explain various considerations for alignment of a canal 06
4 a) Explain various investigations required to be conducted while planning for a reservoir. 08
b) Fig.4b below shows the profile of a weir. Reduced Levels (RL) of various points (in 08 m) are shown in the figure. Estimate the uplift pressure at the key points C1, D1, E2 and D2 using Khosla’s pressure curves.
Fig.4b
c) Define (i) dead storage (ii) live storage (iii) maximum pool level and (iv) minimum 04 pool level in a reservoir.
5 a) Design the practical profile of a gravity dam of stone masonry, for the following data. 10 RL of base of dam = 1450 m RL of full reservoir level =1480.5 m Specific gravity of the masonry = 2.4 Safe compressive stress for masonry = 1200 kN/m2 Height of waves =1m b) Explain various modes of failure of gravity dams. Mention the safety criterion 10 corresponding to each failure.
6 a) With a neat sketch explain the working of syphon spillway. 05
b) The bed slope of channel in alluvium is S =1/5000 and side slope is 0.5 H:1V. For a 09 Lacey’s silt factor = 0.9, estimate the channel section required. Also estimate the maximum discharge which can be allowed to flow through it. c) Define a regime channels according to Lacey’s regime theory. Distinguish between 06 initial and final regime channels
