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Unit
MULTIRATE SIGNAL PROCESSING Lecture No 03
No 1 Topic Interpolation Bloom’sKnowledge Learning Outcome (LO) At the end of this lecture, students will be able to Level LO1 Define the basic concepts and definitions of interpolation in digital Remembering signal processing. LO2 Enumerate the practical applications and implementations of Understanding interpolation techniques. LO3 Apply interpolation methods to solve real-world signal processing Understanding problems. LO4 Design and implement of an interpolation system using filters Applying LO5 List the applications of Interpolation Remembering
Lecture notes 1.4 Interpolation Interpolation is a technique used in digital signal processing (DSP) to increase the sampling rate of a discrete signal. This process involves inserting additional samples between the existing ones to achieve a higher sampling rate. Interpolation is widely used in applications such as digital audio processing, image processing, and communication systems. Definition and Purpose of Interpolation Basic Interpolation Techniques Low-pass Filtering for Interpolation Polyphase Implementation Applications of Interpolation in DSP
Definition and Purpose of Interpolation:
Definition: Interpolation is the process of estimating intermediate values between discrete
samples of a signal. Purpose: It is used to increase the sampling rate, improve signal resolution, and facilitate better signal representation.
Basic Interpolation Techniques:
Zero-Order Hold (ZOH): Maintains the value of the nearest sample for the duration of the interval. Linear Interpolation: Uses a linear function to estimate the values between samples. DEPARTMENT OF ECE Spline Interpolation: Employs polynomial functions to achieve smooth transitions between samples. Impact: Each method offers different trade-offs in terms of complexity and accuracy.
Low-pass Filtering for Interpolation:
Role: A low-pass filter is used to remove high-frequency components introduced during the interpolation process, which can cause aliasing. Design: The filter should have a cutoff frequency at the Nyquist rate of the original signal. Impact: Ensures the interpolated signal is smooth and free of artifacts.
Polyphase Implementation:
Definition: A method of implementing interpolation filters efficiently by breaking down the
filter into multiple phases. Advantages: Reduces computational complexity and improves efficiency. Impact: Makes real-time interpolation feasible in practical systems.
CEC332- ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Prepared By M.Shiva Shankari/AP/ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ECE
CEC332- ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Prepared By M.Shiva Shankari/AP/ECE
DEPARTMENT OF ECE Applications of Interpolation in DSP:
Examples: Upsampling in digital audio, image resampling in graphics, and symbol rate conversion in communications. Impact: Enhances the quality and resolution of processed signals.
Advantages and Limitations
Advantages: Improved Resolution: Higher sampling rate leads to better signal resolution. Flexibility: Can be applied to various signals and systems.
Limitations: Complexity: Higher-order interpolation methods can be computationally intensive. Filter Design: Requires precise filter design to avoid aliasing and artifacts.
Assessment questions to the lecture
Bloom’s Q. No Question Answer Knowledge Level 1 Which interpolation technique uses a linear function to B Remembering estimate intermediate values between samples? a) Zero-Order Hold (ZOH) b) Linear Interpolation c) Spline Interpolation d) Polynomial Interpolation
2 What is the main purpose of a low-pass filter in the B Remembering
interpolation process? a) To increase the signal amplitude b) To remove high-frequency components and prevent aliasing c) To add noise to the signal d) To reduce the signal bandwidth 3 Which of the following is NOT a common application of D Remembering interpolation in DSP? a) Upsampling in digital audio b) Image resampling in graphics c) Symbol rate conversion in communications d) Data encryption 4 What is the interpolation factor (L) when converting a C Understanding signal from 8 kHz to 32 kHz? a) 2
CEC332- ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Prepared By M.Shiva Shankari/AP/ECE
b) 3 c) 4 d) 5 5 In the context of interpolation, what is the interpolation C Remembering factor (L)?
a) The factor by which the sampling rate is reduced
b) The factor by which the signal amplitude is increased c) The factor by which the sampling rate is increased d) The factor by which the signal frequency is multiplied
Students have to prepare answers for the following questions at the end of the lecture
Mark CO Bloom’s Q.No Question s Knowledge Level 1 Define linear interpolation in the context of digital signal 2 CO1 Remembering processing. 2 Explain the role of low-pass filtering in the interpolation 6 CO1 Understanding process and its importance. 3 Describe the polyphase implementation of interpolation filters and its advantages in terms of computational 6 CO1 Understanding efficiency. 4 Discuss the design and implementation of an interpolation system to convert a signal from 16 kHz to 13 CO1 Understanding 64 kHz. Include the necessary filter design considerations and the steps involved in the process. 5 Design an interpolator that increases the input sampling rate by a factor of l=5. Use the Remez Algorithm to determine the coefficients of the FIR filter that has a 0.1 13 CO1 Applying Db ripple in the passband and is down by atleast 30 Db in the stopband.
Reference Book
Author(s) Title of the book Page
numbers John G. Proakis & Digital Signal Processing – Principles, Algorithms & Dimitris,G.Manolaki Applications, Fourth Edition, Pearson Education / Prentice 760-762 s Hall, 2007
