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SUCCESS IN SCIENCE
PAPER 1 (PHYSICS) G.C.E VOLUME TWO
2ND EDITION – APRIL 2023
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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1 (Physics Part)

Monday 11 JULY 2016

Time: 30 minutes Hour Marks: 20

1 What is the correct scientific notation of a quantity 157nm?

A 1.57 x 109m B 1.57 x 107m
C 1.57 x 10-9m D 1.57 x 10-7m

2 The diagram below shows how a Post Bus was moving.

What was happening to the bus at time intervals of 5s —10s, 10s — 30s and 30s — 50s?
5s —10s 10s — 30s 30s — 50s
A Reducing in speed Moving at constant speed Increased speed
B Increased speed Stopped Started moving
C Going down a slope Moving at constant speed Climbing a hill
D Increased speed Stopped Reduced speed

3 Which one of the following is the correct weight of a 50kg bag of maize on both the
moon and the earth?
Moon Earth
A 0.85N 50N
B 8.5N 50N
C 85N 500N
D 850N 500N

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4 A 125g wooden plank was placed in a beaker, and below was the reading before and
after placing it in the beaker.

What is the density of the wooden block?

A 0.1 g/cm3 B 0.5 g/cm3
C 1.0 g/cm3 D 5.0 g/cm3

5 A 4kg brick is dropped from the top of a building whose height is 30m. The brick reaches
the ground with a velocity of
A 1200 m/s. B 43.6 m/s.
C 40 m/s. D 34.6 m/s.

6 A machine with a velocity ratio of 6 requires 800J of work to raise a load of 60kg through
a vertical distance of 1m.
Find the mechanical advantage of the machine.
A 0.45
B 0.75
C 4.5
D 75.0

7 The common understanding of energy conservation is that it ...

A can be transformed from one form to another.
B remains the same in all forms.
C can be destroyed.
D can be created.

8 The higher an object is from the ground, the ...

A more potential energy it has.
B higher its centre of mass is.
C lower its centre of mass is.
D more unstable it is.

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9 In order to create a temperature scale, two fixed points are needed; the ice point and the
steam point. Which of the following is used to determine the ice point? The
temperature...
A at which sea water freezes.
B at which snow melts.
C of ice in a freezer.
D of melting point of pure ice.

10 It was discovered that 120 crests passed through a slit in two hours.
What is the frequency of this wave?
A 100Hz B 60Hz
C 2Hz D 1Hz

11 Which type of the electromagnetic radiation has the longest wavelength?

A Infra-red rays B Radio waves
C Ultraviolet rays D X-rays

12 Which of the following correctly gives the properties of the sound waves?
Nature Speed in air
A Longitudinal 340m/s
B Longitudinal 3.0 x 108m/s
C Transverse 340m/s
D Transverse 3.0 x 108m/s

13 The process of removing magnetic properties from a magnet is known as

A attraction and repulsion. B demagnetisation.
C induction. D magnetisation.

14 An electric bulb is rated 1,200 watts. If the current flowing in the filament of the bulb is
5A, what is the resistance of this bulb?
A 240 ohms B 96 ohms
C 48 ohms D 28 ohms

15 The diagram below shows a circuit with an ammeter and two resistors connected.

If the ammeter reading is 3A, what is the value of resistor R1?

A 4Ω B 6Ω C 12Ω D 18Ω

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16 Which part of the Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO) emits electrons by thermionic
emission?
A. Cylindrical anode B. X-plates C. Cathode plate D. Y-plates

17 The diagram below shows a transformer.

Assuming the transformer is 100% efficient, what is the size of the electric current in the
primary coil?
A 5.0A
B 2.5A
C 0.2A
D 0.05A

18 A radioactive element Yttrium 89

39𝑌 decays to isotopes rubidium
85
37𝑅𝑏 according to
the decay equation.
89 85
39𝑌 − −→ 37𝑅𝑏 + 𝑋
What could be X?
A Gamma radiation
B Beta particle
C Alpha particle
D Both alpha and Gamma particles

19 A radioactive substance has a mass of 600g and a half-life of 12 years.

How much of this substance decays after 36 years.
A 75g
B 125g
C 475g
D 525g

20 Which of the following statements correctly shows the name of the nuclear radiation and
its use?
Name of radiation Use of nuclear radiation
A Alpha particle Treatment of cancer
B Gamma rays Monitoring paper thickness
C Gamma rays Treatment of cancer
D Beta particle Sterilizing instruments

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 2 (Physics)

Monday 11 JULY 2016

Time: 1 hour 45 minutes Marks: 65

SECTION A [45 MARKS]

1. The figure below shows an experiment which was carried out to measure the time
interval of a simple pendulum.

The bob was oscillating between A and C.

(a) State the meaning of the term ‘Oscillation’. [1]
(b) If the pendulum bob took 0.20s to swing from A to C, calculate the period. [2]
(c) Using your answer in (b), determine the frequency of the bob. [2]

2. A lion of mass 200kg is transferred from the moon to Earth. Acceleration of free fall on
the moon is 1.67m/s2 while that on Earth is 10m/s2.
(a) state
(i) An instrument commonly used in the laboratory for measuring the
amount of material in a body. [1]
(ii) The mass of the 200kg lion on Earth. [1]
(b) Calculate the weight of the lion on Earth. [2]

3. (a) What is meant by the ‘moment’ of a force about a point? [1]

(b) Moment of a force about a point depends on two factors; what are they?
[1]

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(c) The figure below shows a uniform metre rule which is pivoted at the 20cm mark
and balanced horizontally by an object of weight 3.25N placed at the 10cm mark.

Calculate the weight of the metre rule. [2]

4. The figure below shows a stone of mass 2kg which drops from the top of a cliff and takes
two seconds to strike the ground. Acceleration of free fall, g = 10m/s2.

(a) Name the form of energy possessed by the stone before it falls. [1]
(b) Determine the height h of the cliff. [2]
(c) Calculate
(i) The kinetic energy of the stone when half way down. [2]
(ii) The final velocity of the stone as it strikes the ground. [2]

5. Two metal plates A and B, one with shiny surfaces and the other painted black
are heated to a temperature of 100°C. The metal plates are then placed in the
open air or insulating materials and allowed to cool. The table below shows the
results obtained with time.

Time in seconds Temperature of metal plate in oC

A B
0 100 100
30 92 85
60 87 74
90 84 67
120 81 63
150 79 60

(a) By what process (es) of heat transfer are the metal plates losing heat to
the surrounding?
(b) Which metal plate is losing heat faster?
(c) State, with a reason which metal plate A or B has shiny surfaces.

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6. Figure 61 shows a vibrating tuning form, Y in air.

(a) State the nature of wave produced by the tuning fork. [1]
(b) Show diagrammatically the regions created by the wave produced, as it
passes through the air.
(c) Explain what happens to the speed of the wave in (a) if the rate of
vibration of Y increases but the length of the wave produced remains
the same.

7. Figure 7.1 shows a ray of light entering and leaving a glass block.

(a) Name the rays labelled A to D

(b) On the diagram, indicate i and r for angles of incidence and refraction
respectively. [1]
(c) For a certain piece of glass block the angle of incidence was found to be
25° and angle of refraction was found to be 16°. Using this information,
Calculate the refractive index for this piece of glass block to two decimal
places.

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8. Figure 8.1 shows a metal bar placed inside a vertical solenoid, above a small pile
of iron nails.

Describe the behavior of the iron nails when the switch above is on for
several seconds, then off, if the metal is made from...
(i) Aluminium [1]
(ii) Iron [2]
(iii) Steel [2]

9. Figure 9.1 shows a stream of α, β and γ rays passed through a uniform electric
field represented by tracks A, B and C.

(a) Identify the tracks marked A, B and C representing the radiations.

(b) What is the charge for the radiation represented by the track marked B?
(c) Thorium nucleus undergoes alpha-decay by emitting one particle to form
a daughter element whose symbol is Rn.
232
90𝑇ℎ → 𝑅𝑛 + ….
Complete the equation above that represent the decay of the Thorium
nucleus; include the nucleon and proton numbers of the particles
concerned. [2]

SECTION B [20 Marks]

10. (a) State two effects that a simple machine can do to make work easier for a man.
(b) Explain why the efficiency of a simple machine

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(i) is normally less than 100% [1]

(ii) Cannot exceed 100% [1]
(c) Draw a labeled diagram to show a block and tackle pulley system of velocity ratio 4.
(d) John uses the machine in 29 (c) to raise a 60N load from the ground to a distance
of 0.4m. The effort used by John to do the work is 20N. Calculate:
(i) The mechanical advantage and [2]
(ii) Efficiency of the machine [2]
11. (a) Distinguish between transverse and longitudinal waves.
Include one example of each type of wave.
(b) Describe an experiment to show reflection of water waves. [5]
(c) Figure 11.1 shows a displacement-time graph for a water wave moving
in the direction x.

(i) State the period of the wave [1]

(ii) If the speed of the water wave is 0.2m/s, calculate the
wavelength. [2]
12. (a) State the difference between 'Electric charge and electric current.
(b) Below is a table of results obtained from an experiment to determine the
relationship between the voltage and current through a metallic
conductor.

Voltage (v) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
Current (A) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

(i) Plot a graph of voltage against current [3]

(ii) Calculate the resistance of the metallic conductor [2]
(c) Figure 12.1 shows 4Q and 6Q resistors connected in parallel.

i. Find the effective resistance [2]

ii. Determine the current in the circuit. [2]

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Centre Candidate
Candidate Name_________________________ Number Number

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1

Monday 31 JULY 2017

Time 2 hours Marks: 85

SECTION A [20 MARKS]

Answer all the questions on the answer grid provided.

A1. The diagram below shows part of the ruler used to find the length of the nail.

What is the length of the nail?

A. 2.2 cm B. 2.7 cm C. 3.2 cm D. 3.7 cm

2. The diagram below shows a block of wood of density 0.6g/cm3.

What is the mass of the block?

A. 30g B. 50g C. 300g D. 500g

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3. The diagram below shows a graph of how a distance covered by a woman varies with
time as she takes a walk from her home to the market.

What was happening in the region AB during the woman’s walk? She ..
A. Walked with a constant
B. walked faster than before
C. walked slower than before
D stopped walking

4. A parachutist of mass 60kg falls with a constant velocity of 5m/s together with a
parachute of mass 20kg. Taking g to be 10N/kg what is the resultant force on the system?
A. 0N
B. 400 N
C. 600 N
D. 800 N

5. The diagram below shows a frictionless pulley used to lift an 8000 N block of concrete.

What is the minimum effort required to raise the block?

A. 1600N B. 2000N C. 3600N D. 8000N

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6. The diagram below shows a model of a crane with a counter balance weighing 200N. This
counter balance can be moved further or closer to 0 to accommodate different loads.

What is the maxmum load the crane can safely lift?

A. 200N B. 400N C. 600N D. 1000N

7. A dog running at constant speed of 3m/s increases its speed to 7m/s upon seeing a lion.
If the mass of the dog is 20kg, the work it does in achieving the new speed is
A. 40 J B. 160 J C. 400 J D. 580 J

8. A thermos flask contains a vacuum. What is the purpose of this vacuum? Prevents
A. conduction and radiation.
B. conduction and convection.
C. radiation and convection.
D. conduction, convection and radiation.

9. Molecules of a liquid evaporate from a container and the temperature of the liquid
left in the container changes. From which part of the body of the liquid do the
molecules escape and what is the effect on the temperature of the liquid left in the
container?
Molecules escape from Temperature of liquid left in container
A. All parts of the liquid Decreases
B. All parts of the liquid Increases
C. Only the liquid surface Decreases
D. Only the liquid surface Increases

10. The diagram below represents a transverse wave.

Between which two marked points is the distance equal to the wavelength of
the wave?
A. a and d B. c and g C. b and g D. e and f

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11. A lighted candle is placed in front of a loudspeaker that produces a loud,

steady sound at regular intervals.

What type of wave is produced by the speaker and in which direction does it cause the
flame to tilt?

12. The diagrams below show three rays of light incident on the boundary
between a glass block and air. The angles of incidence are different.

What is the possible critical angle?

A. 60° B. 45° C. 30° D. 15°

13. The diagram below shows an object placed under water and being viewed from
the top

What is the refractive index of water?

A. 1.31 B. 1.50 C. 1.60 D. 1.60

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14. The diagram below shows a steel magnet being withdrawn from a coil of wire in the
direction shown to a point as far away as possible.

What is the effect on the steel magnet, due to this action?

A. No change B. Becomes magnetized
C. Becomes demagnetized D. Becomes a stronger magnet

15. The diagram below shows an illustration of a transformer with 100 turns
on the primary coil and 25 turns on the secondary coil.

What is the voltage induced across the secondary coil?

A 3.0V B 4.0V C 48V D 300V

16. The diagram below shows a positively charged rod placed close to two metallic spheres A
and B which are initially neutral. Which statement is correct? A has ...

A lost positive charges to sphere B.

B gained electrons from sphere B.
C has gained electrons from the charged rod.
D has lost positive charges to the charged rod.

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17. The diagram below shows a circuit with four ammeters connected at different
positions and three resistors of different values. Which of the four ammeters
labelled A, B, C or D would show the largest reading?

18. A Secretary in a Manager's office uses the following appliances with respective
power ratings.
1 Electric kettle — 1200W 2 Printer — 600W 3 Computer — 100W
Given that the cost of electricity is K0.80/kWh, calculate the cost of operating
all the three appliances at once for 12 hours.
A. K 5.60 B. K8.00 C. K 16.30 D. K 18.24

19. Which of the following is correct about the purpose of X-plates and Y-plates in a
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope?
A. Deflecting the electron beam vertically
B. Deflecting the electron beam horizontally
C. Deflecting the electron beam vertically and horizontally
D. Increasing the speed of the electron beam towards the screen.

20. The diagram below shows a box used for storing radioactive sources.

Which material is best for lining the box to prevent the escape of most
radioactive emissions?
A Lead B Steel C Copper D Aluminium

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SECTION B [45 Marks]

1. The figure below shows part of vernier calipers.

(a) What is the reading of the vernier calipers? [2]

(b) Write in words the SI units of the following physical quantities and state their symbols.
SI unit in words SI unit in symbol
(i) Velocity……………………………………… …………………… [1]
(ii) Temperature…………………………………… …………………… [1]
(iii) Acceleration …………………………………… ……………………. [1]

2. (a) What is the difference between density and relative density? [1]
(b) The diagram below shows a cuboid container that has a 5cm square base and contains
water to a height of 6cm.

(i) What is the volume of the water? [1]

(ii) A stone is immersed into the water in the cuboid causing the water to rise to a
height of 8cm. determine the volume of the stone. [2]

(iii) If the mass of the stone is 80kg, calculate the density of the stone. [2]

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3. The figure below shows a ramp being used to lift a box weighing 480N through a distance
of 3 meters and height of 1 meter by applying a force F of 200N.

(a) State the meaning of the term ‘simple machine’. [1]

(b) Calculate the mechanical advantage of the ramp shown above. [2]
(c) Calculate the efficiency of the ramp. [2]

4. Figure B4.1 shows a glass syringe with a sealed tip containing a gas at an initial
pressure of 360Pa placed in hot water. After a few minutes the piston in the
syringe moved up.

(a) Using the kinetic theory explain why the piston in the syringe moved
upwards when the syringe was placed in hot water.
(b) The piston was pushed downwards to 20cm3 while the temperature was
kept constant.
(i) In terms of the kinetic theory explain why the pressure of the gas
in the syringe increases.
(ii) Calculate the pressure of gas in the syringe.

5. Figure B5.1 shows various Regions of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.

K L M Visible light Ultra violet N O

(a) What is the name of component N?

(b) Give one practical use of Region M.
(c) State one property which is the same for all Electromagnetic Waves.
(d) State one possible source of the radiation from Region O.

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6. Figure B6.1 shows a converging lens of focal length 2.0cm used to produce
an image of an object 2.0cm tall placed 5cm from the lens . Using the information
given above,

(i) Draw to scale on figure B6.1, a ray diagram to locate the image formed.
(ii) Calculate the magnification of the image formed.

7. Figure B7.1 shows magnetic field lines between the poles of two magnets.

(a) Name point R.

(b) If P is a south pole what are the poles Q and T?
(c) Explain how soft iron keepers help magnets retain their magnetism for a
longer period of time.
(d) State two differences between iron and steel as magnetic materials.

8. Polonium -210( 210

84𝑃𝑜 ) can undergo radioactive decay by emitting an alpha particle to
form lead (Pb).
(a) What is an alpha particle? [1]
(b) Write the equation for the radioactive decay of polonium — 210. [2]
(c) State one use of alpha radiation. [1]

9. Figure 88.1 shows three resistors connected to a 12V battery.

Calculate:
(a) the effective resistance between X and Y [2]
(b) the current flowing in the battery. [2]
(c) the current flowing through the 6Ω resistor. [2]

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SECTION C [20 Marks]

1. An automobile of mass 2000kg started from rest position and increased its
speed uniformly to 9m/s in 30s. It maintained this speed for another 500s.

(a) Sketch the speed time graph of the automobile for the journey described.
(b) Calculate the uniform acceleration of the automobile. [2]
(c) How much force was required to produce this acceleration? [1]
(d) Calculate the distance covered by the automobile when it was moving at constant speed. [2]
(e) What was the average speed of the automobile for the journey described?

2. Table C2.1 shows a table with corresponding values of potential difference

across a torch bulb and the current flowing through the same torch bulb.
Pd/Volts 0.20 1.00 5.00 10.00 16.00 23.00 31.00 40.00
Current/Amperes 0.40 0.80 1.20 1.60 2.00 2.40 2.80 3.20

(a) Using correct circuit symbols, draw a clearly labelled diagram of a circuit
which could have been used to obtain this data. [2]
(b) On the graph paper provided, and using the data in the figure above, plot
a graph of the current on the X-axis and the p.d. on the Y-axis. [3]
(c) From the graph state whether or not the filament of the torch bulb is an
ohmic conductor. Explain your answer. [2]
(d) (i) Use the graph you have drawn to determine the value of
the p.d across the torch bulb when the current flowing through it is 2.6A
(ii) Calculate the resistance of the torch bulb when the current
through it is 2.6A. [2]

3. A radioactive element 22398𝑋 emits one Beta particle followed by 2 Beta particles.
(a) What is a Beta particle? [1]
(b) Write the nucleon number and proton number of the remaining nuclide
after the two emissions. [2]
(c) A 400g radioactive sample has a half-life of 4 years.
(i) On a graph paper plot a graph to show this decay curve after the
period of 32 years. [5]
(ii) What period of time would it take for the sample to reduce to 40g? [1]

(iii) Name a source of gamma radiation. [1]

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Centre Candidate
Candidate Name_________________________ Number Number

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1

Friday 2 August 2019

Additional information:
Electronic calculator (non-programmable) and / or Mathematical tables
Graph papers
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

Time 2 hours Marks: 85

SECTION A [20 MARKS]

Answer all the questions on the answer grid provided.

1. The diagram below shows 4 identical metal bars placed between two wooden blocks on a
ruler.

What is the diameter of one metal bar?

A. 1.0 cm B. 2.0 cm
C. 3.0 cm D. 4.0 cm

2. Which of the following would change the period of oscillation of a pendulum?

A. Thickness of the string
C. Mass of the pendulum of bob
B. Length of the pendulum
D. Volume of the pendulum bob

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3. The diagram below is a graph showing the movement of a car over a period of 70
seconds.

What distance was travelled by the car while its speed was decreasing?
A. 100 m B. 200 m C. 400 m D. 500 m

4. The diagram below shows a 200g object on a frictionless surface acted upon by 3 forces.

Which of the following is correct about the acceleration and direction of the movement
of the object?
Acceleration (m/s2) Direction of movement
A 0.05 Left
B 0.05 Right
C 5.0 Right
D 500 Left

5. Why would a mechanic prefer to use a longer spanner to loosen a nut than a short one?
A longer spanner would ………………………
A. Add grease to the nut.
B. Allow a mechanic to apply more force.
C. Give a greater turning effect
D. take a longer time to loosen the nut

6. A drum of water of weight 2000N is rolled up a plank of length 2m unto a platform of

0.8m high.

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What is the work done on the drum against gravity?

A. 1000J B. 1600J C. 2500J D. 4000J

7. A crane lifts a 600kg mass through a vertical height of 12m in 18 seconds. What is the
crane’s power output?
A. 4 000W B. 6 000W C. 10 000W D. 72 000W

8. The diagram below shows a wheel and axle (not drawn to scale) used to raise a load of
280N by a force of 40N.

If the radii of the wheel ® and axle (r) are 70cm and 5 cm respectively. What is the
velocity ratio of the wheel and axle?
A. 0.07 B. 7 C. 14 D. 50

9. The diagrams below show a bimetallic strip before and when it was dipped in a liquid of
temperature – 20 oC.

Which of the following is correct?

A. Metal A is a poor conductor of heat than metal B.
B. Metal B is a better conductor of heat than metal A
C. Metal A contrasts more than metal B when cooled.
D. When cooled metal B contrast more than metal A.

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10. A bicycle pump contains 70cm3 of air at a pressure of 1.0 atmosphere and temperature
of 7 OC. what is the pressure when the air is compressed to 30 cm3 at temperature of 27
oC?

A. 0.4 atmospheres B. 2.5 atmospheres

C. 280 atmospheres D. 300 atmospheres

11. The diagram below represents positions at one particular time on a longitudinal wave.

Which positions are one wavelength apart?

A. W and X
B. W and Z
C. X and Z
D. Y and Z

12. Which of the following of sound frequencies has the highest pitch?
A. 150 Hz
B. 200Hz
C. 400Hz
D. 500Hz

13. The diagram below shows a ray of light from air into a rectangular glass block.

𝑆𝑖𝑛 1 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2
𝐴 𝑛= 𝐵 𝑛=
𝑆𝑖𝑛 3 𝑆𝑖𝑛 3

𝑆𝑖𝑛 3 𝑆𝑖𝑛 4
𝐶 𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 1 𝐷 𝑛 = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 2

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14. The diagram below shows how an image is formed from an object placed in front of a
converging lens.

What is the magnification?

A. 0.2 B. 1.8 C. 2.0 D. 4.5

15. A negatively charged rod is held close to but not touching an insulated metal sphere.

Which diagram below shows the charges that are induced on the sphere?

16. A small heater operates at 12V, 2A. How much energy will it use when it is switched on
for 5 minutes?
A 30 J
B. 120 J
C. 1800 J
D. 7200 J

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17. The diagram below show magnetic field patterns between North and South poles of
magnets.

Which of numbered diagram shows the correct magnetic field pattern?

A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4

18. A transformer has 1000 turns on the primary coil. The voltage applied to the primary coil
is 230V a.c. how many turns are on the secondary coil if the output voltage is 46V?
A. 20
B. 200
C. 400
D. 800

19. What is the purpose of X – plates in a cathode ray oscilloscope? To…

A. Deflect the electron beam vertically.
B. Make the waveform brighter on the screen.
C. Deflect the electron beam horizontally
D. Produce a waveform across the screen.

20. A sodium nucleus decays by emission of Beta particle to form magnesium. Which
equation is the correct representation of the decay?
24 20 4
B. 11𝑁𝑎 − −→ 9𝑀𝑔 + 2𝐻𝑒

24 24 0
C. 11𝑁𝑎 − −→ 12𝑀𝑔 + −1𝑒

24 24
D. 11𝑁𝑎 − −→ 11𝑀𝑔 + 𝑦

24 28 4
E. 11𝑁𝑎 − −→ 13𝑀𝑔 + 2𝐻𝑒

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Section B [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section
Write your answers in the spaces provide on the question paper

B1 The diagram below shows a displacement – time graph for the motion of a dog over a
period of 12s.

(a) Use the graph to calculate

(i) The velocity of the dog at 10s.

Velocity ……………………………. [2]

(ii) The acceleration of the dog from 0 to 10 seconds.

Acceleration …………………………….. [2]

(b) From the graph, determine the time when the dog is not moving.
…………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………[1]

B2 The diagram below shows a uniform plank of length 100cm kept in equilibrium by a 3kg
and 1kg mass placed 10cm and 20cm from each end respectively.

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(a) Calculate the

(i) moment of the 3kg mass [2]
(ii) weight of the plank [2]
(b) State one application of the above set up. [1]
………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

B3 The diagram below shows a spring catapult design by a pupil for a science project. The
catapult consists of movable plunger with a spring attached to it.

A metal ball of mass 0.2kg was placed on the metal plate and the handle of the catapult
pulled to fully compress the spring. On release of the handle, the ball was projected 1.5m
vertically.
(a) Name the type of energy stored in a compressed spring.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
(b) Calculate the maximum potential energy acquired by the ball from the catapult.

Energy ………………………………………. [2]

(c) Give one reason why the potential energy you have calculated in (b) is less than
the original stored energy of the spring.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
B4 The diagram below shows a block and tackle pulley system used to lift a load of 200kg.

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(a) State the velocity ratio of the pulley system in the diagram above.

Velocity ratio …………………………. [1]

(b) If the machine has an efficiency of 80%, calculate the effort applied.
(Take g = 10N/kg)

Effort …………………………………… [3]

B5 Figure B5.1 is a graph of how a wave is propagated.

(a) From the graph determine the

(i) Amplitude of the wave.

……………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) Wavelength of the wave

………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Calculate the frequency of the wave if it travels at 3m/s.

Frequency ……………………………… [3]

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B6 Figure B6.1 shows a Perspex disc fitted on a wooden stand.

When rubbed with fur, electrons move from the Perspex disc to the fur.
(a) (i) what charge is induced in the Perspex disc?
………………………………………………………….. [1]
(ii) State the unit in which charge is measured.
…………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Small pieces of paper brought near the Perspex disc stick to it.
Explain why.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(c) When a polyethene rod was rubbed with fur, it was able to attract small pieces of
paper too. Name the type of charge induced in the polythene rod and explain
using movement of electrons how charge was induced.
Name of charge: …………………………………………… [1]
Explanation: ………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………….[1]

B7 Figure B7.1 shows a circuit diagram connected to a 12V supply.

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Calculate the
(a) Combined resistance of the 2Ω and 3Ω resistors.
(b) Total resistance in the circuit when the switch is closed.
(c) Potential difference across the 2Ω resistor.
(d) Total current flowing in the circuit when the switch is closed.

B8 The diagram below shows an iron core electromagnet.

(a) State two ways in which the strength of the electromagnet can be increased.
1 …………………………………………………………… [1]
2 ……………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) Explain why the core of the electromagnet is made of iron instead of steel.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[2]
B9 Figure 9.1 shows a decay curve of a radon nuclide.

(a) Define nuclear fission.

…………………………………………………………………………..
(b) From the graph, determine the
(i) Original mass of nuclide.
(ii) Quantity of the nuclide that remained after 6 days.
(iii) Half-life of the nuclide.

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Section C [20 marks]

Answer any two (2) questions from this section in the Answer Booklet provided.

C1 The table below shows the thinking distance for various speeds for a driver to react and
apply brakes before stopping.

Thinking distance (m) 0 9 12 15

Speed (km/h) 0 48 64 80

(a) (i) On a graph paper, draw a graph of thinking distance against speed. [4]
(ii) Use your graph to determine the thinking distance for the driver at 32km/hr. [2]

(b) The driver then drinks two bottles of alcohol. After sometime his thinking time
was measured as 1.0 second.
(i) Calculate the thinking distance for the driver when driving at 32km/hr. [3]
(ii) What was the effect of the alcohol on the thinking distance of the driver?

C2 (a) The table below shows the results obtained in an experiment to

determine refractive index of paraffin using real and apparent depth.

Real depth (cm) 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0

Apparent depth (cm) 2.8 4.2 5.6 7.0 8.4 9.8

(i) Draw a graph of real depth against apparent depth using the values in
table above. [4]
(ii) What does the gradient of the line in the graph you plotted in (a)(i) above
represent. [1]
(iii) Using the graph determine the refractive index of paraffin. [2]

(b) The refractive index of oil is 1.45 and that of water is 1.33.
What angle does a ray of light incident to oil at 40o make with water when oil
floating on water. [3]

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C3 (a) Sodium chloride salt containing sodium -24 is radioactive and is used
in medicine. The sodium in the salt decays according to the equation.

24 24
11𝑁𝑎 − −> 12𝑀𝑔 + 𝑾 + 𝛾 − 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

(i) What is particle W? [1]

(ii) How many neutrons are in the nucleus of sodium – 24? [1]

(iii) Explain the difference between an atom of sodium – 24 and atom of

sodium – 23. [2]
(b) Gamma radiation is used to treat food so that it stays fresh. To check whether the
treated food is safe for consumption, the count rates of three food samples X, Y and Z
were measured before and after treatment with gamma rays. Table C3.1 shows the
results obtained.
Food Count rate before Count rate after treatment /
sample treatment / counts per count per minute
minute
X 30 33
Y 31 27
Z 30 31

(i) Explain why there is a measured count rate before the food sample are treated
with gamma rays. [1]
(ii) From the results, determine whether the food sample Y becomes radioactive or not.
(iii) State one other use of gamma radiation. [1]
(iv) State two safety precautions that must be followed when handling gamma
radiation. [2]

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Centre Candidate
Candidate Name_________________________ Number Number

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1

2020

Additional information:
Electronic calculator (non-programmable) and / or Mathematical tables
Graph papers
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

Time 2 hours Marks: 85

SECTION A [20 MARKS]

Answer all the questions on the answer grid provided.

A1 How many significant figures are there in the number 0.0502007?

A 2
B 3
C 5
D 6

A2 A stone of mass 400g is lowered into a measuring cylinder containing water.

The water level rises from 300cm3 to 500cm3. What is the density of the stone?
A 0.50g/cm3
B 0.80g/cm3
C 1.33g/cm3
D 2.00g/cm3

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A3 The graph below shows the speed of an athlete during a race.

What is the distance travelled by the athlete?

A 50m B 65m
C 75m D 90m

A4 A 4kg brick is dropped from the top of a building whose height is 30m. What is the
velocity with which it reaches the ground?
A 7.5m/s B 24.5m/s
C 120.0m/s D 1 200.0m/s

A5 The diagram below shows an object moving with a constant velocity when a force E of
30N is applied.

What is the value of the opposing force F?

A ON B 15N
C 30N D 300N

FOR OTHER SUCCESS BOOKLETS CONTACT MR MUSONDA LAURENT ON THE

FOLLOWINGS:
CALL / TEXT + 260965038377 / +260974794056 / +260954482350
WHATSAPP: +260965038377 OR EMAIL: laurentmsnd@gmail.com

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A6 A 60N object is placed on a uniform bar that was balanced at its mid-point as shown in
the diagram below.

Which of the following will rebalance the beam?

Magnitude of force Position of force
A 30N 60cm to the left of the pivot
B 30N 60cm to the right of the pivot
C 45N 45cm to the right of the pivot
D 90N 20cm to the left of the pivot

A7 A motor is used to pull a 10kg box along a 5 meter long incline to the top of the decline as
shown in the diagram below.

Ignoring all frictional forces, determine the work done against gravity in pulling the box
from the foot of the incline to the top of the decline.
(Take g as 10N/kg)
A 40J B 50J
C 400J D 500J

A8 A girl whose mass is 50kg climbs a ladder of height 8m in 10 seconds. What is the power
developed by the girl?
A 40W B 400W
C 500W D 5 000W

A9 A machine with a velocity ratio of 6 requires 800J of work to raise a load of 60kg through
a vertical distance of 1m. Find the efficiency of the machine.
A 0.45 B 0.75
C 4.5 D 75.0

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A10 The diagrams below show the length of mercury threads at the ice and steam points.

What will be the temperature if the length o' the mercury thread is 25mm?
A 5 oC B 8 oC
C 33 oC D 50 oC

A11 All The diagram below shows a cylinder with a gas trapped inside at a constant
temperature. The length of the gas column is 50cm and the pressure of the gas is 20Pa.

If the piston is pushed a distance of 30cm inside, what is the new pressure of the gas?
A 8Pa
B 12Pa
C 30Pa
D 50Pa

A12 Which of the following correctly gives the properties of a sound wave?
Nature Speed in air
A Longitudinal 340m/s
B Longitudinal 3.0 x 108m/s
C Transverse 340m/s
D Transverse 3.0 x 108m/s

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A13 The diagram below shows the movement of a ray of light from air to plastic.

Which ratio is the refractive index of air?

𝑆𝑖𝑛 45𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45𝑜
𝐴 𝑆𝑖𝑛 60𝑜
𝐵 𝑆𝑖𝑛 30𝑜

𝑆𝑖𝑛 30𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑛 60𝑜

𝐶 𝐷
𝑆𝑖𝑛 45𝑜 𝑆𝑖𝑛 45𝑜

A14 The diagram below shows the main sections of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of
increasing frequency.

Which of the following is an application used by Q?

A Sterilisation
B Satellite television
C Killing cancerous cells
D Television remote controller

A15 The diagram below shows a coil in a magnetic field, connected to a DC supply.

As the current I flows in the coil, in which direction will the coil rotate and what must be
connected to parts R and T?

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Direction of rotation of coil Direction of rotation of coil

A Clockwise Clockwise
B Clockwise Clockwise
C Anticlockwise Anticlockwise
D Anticlockwise Anticlockwise

A16 The diagram below illustrates what happens when metal balls H, J and K suspended by
insulating threads are brought closer to each other.

If the charge on H is positive, what charges are on bal! J arc

J K
A Negative Positive
B Negative Negative
C Positive Negative
D Negative Positive

A17 Two resistors are connected in a circuit as shown in the diagram below.

Which labelled ammeter has the highest current reading?

A W B X
C Y D Z

A18 What is the cost of running a 100W lamp for 30 minutes if electrical energy costs K10 per
unit?
A K0.05 B K0.50
C K30.0 D K300.0

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A19 The following can be used in detecting alpha particles, beta particles and gamma rays.
1 Photographic film
2 Diffusion cloud chamber
3 G-m tube
4 Spark-counter
Which of the above cannot be used to detect beta particles and gamma rays?
A 4 B 1 and 4
C 2 and 4 D 1, 2 and 3

A20 A radioactive source which has a half-life of 1 hour gives a count rate of 100 counts per
second at the start of an experiment and 25 counts per second at the end. How long in
hours did the experiment take?
A 1
B 2
C 3
D 4

Section B [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section.
Write your answers in the spaces provided on the question paper.

B1 An object of mass 75kg on earth is taken to the moon where the gravitational field
strength is 1.6N/kg,

(a) What is the mass of me object on the moon? [1]

(b) Calculate the weight of the object on the moon. [2]

(c) Give two differences between mass and weight, [2]

[Total: 5 marks]

B2 A bullet of mass 50g moving with an initial speed of 500m/s penetrates a wall and comes
to rest in 0.2 seconds.
(a) Calculate the deceleration of the bullet over the 0.2 seconds. [2]
(b) Determine the retarding force acting on the bullet. [2]
[Total: 4 marks]

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B3 Figure B3.1 below shows a pulley systems.

(a) State the velocity ratio of the pulley shown in figure B3.1 above. [1]
(b) If the efficiency of the pulley is 75%, what is its M.A? [2]
(c) If the load is 120N, what is the size of the effort? [2]
(d) What work is done by the effort if the load is lifted 0.5m? [2]

B4 Waves travel at a speed of 30m/s through a medium. If 10 waves pass through a point
per second,
(a) calculate the
(i) frequency of the wave, [2]
(ii) wavelength of the wave. [2]
(b) What does loudness of a sound depend on? [1]

B5 Figure B5.1 below shows a ray of light moving from one medium to another.

(a) Find the angle of refraction [1]

(b) Calculate the refractive index of medium B. [2]
(c) Which of the two media is denser than the other? [1]

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B6 Figure B6.1 shows an object 0 placed in front of a thin converging lens of focal point F.

(a) Complete the ray diagram to locate the position of the image formed by the
converging lens. [2]
(b) State the characteristics of the image formed. [1]
(c) Calculate the magnification of the lens. [2]
[Total: 5 marks]

B7 A step-up transformer increases the voltage of an a.c. supply from 110V to 220V. The
primary coil dissipates a power of 1.1 kW and the transformer has an efficiency of 100%.
(a) If the number of turns in the primary coil is 400, how many turns are in the
secondary coil? [2]
(b) How much current flows in the
(i) primary coil, [2]
(ii) secondary coil? [2]
[Total: 6 marks]

B8 Figure B8.1 below shows two pairs of 3.0.0 resistors connected to a 6.0V battery.

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Calculate the
(a) resistance in the circuit between M and N, [2]
(b) current through the battery, [2]
(c) power developed in the battery. [2]
[Total: 6 marks]

B9 Radioactive iodine is used to treat tumours of the thyroid gland. It decays by emitting
beta particles and gamma radiation.
The beta emitting process is represented by the following equation:
131 A
53I ZXe + −10e
(a) What is the nucleon number of the new nucleus Xe formed? [1]
(b) The half-life of iodine-131 is 8 days. The total dose of iodine given to a patient
initially emits 4 x 108 rays per second.
How many gamma rays does the total dose of iodine emit each second after 24
days? [2]

Section C [20 marks]

Answer any two (2) questions from this section. Write your answers in the separate
Answer Booklet provided.

C1 (a) (i) Explain the term absolute zero temperature. [1]

(ii) State Charles' law. [1]
(b) The table C1.1 below displays results of temperature against volume of air at a
constant pressure of 720mm Hg.
Temp (°C) 17 28 39 60 80 100
Volume (cm3) 7.5 7.9 8.1 8.7 9.1 9.6
Temp (K)

(i) Copy and complete the table above. [2]

(ii) Plot a graph of volume (cm3) against temperature (K). [4]
(iii) From the graph, determine the volume of the air when the temperature
was 77°C. [2]
[Total: 10 marks]
NOTES!!!
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illegal.
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owner Mr Musonda Laurent - 0974794056 / 0965038377 for betterment of
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C2 Figure C2.1 below shows how a solar heater on a house roof is used to warm up water
for a house.

(a) Why is the panel in the solar heater black? [1]

(b) Why is there an insulating layer behind the panel? [1]
(c) How does the water in the tank get heated? [2]
(d) On average, each square metre of the solar panel receives 1 000 Joules of energy
from the sun every second. Using this information, calculate the power input in
kilowatts of the panel if its surface area is 2m2. [3]
(e) The solar heater in the diagram has an efficiency of 60% (it wastes 40% of the
solar energy it receives). What area of panel would be needed to deliver heat at
the same rate, on average, as a 3kW immersion heater? [3]
[Total: 10 marks]

C3 A radioactive substance B has a half-life of 4 years and undergoes radioactivity by giving

out beta (p) radiation.
(a) Which of the containers aluminium, thin plastic or lead, lined would you use to
safely store substance B? [1]
(b) Copy and complete the table C3.1

Date Mass of original radioactive substance left

1 July 2008 8kg
1 July 2012
1 July 2020

Table C3.1

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(c) A Geiger counter was used to measure the activity (in counts per minute) from a
radioactive sample in the laboratory over a period of years. Over this period, the
background radiation was regularly measured at 4 counts/minute.

Table C3.2 shows the results.

Time in years 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Recorded activities in counts/min 124 80 52 34 23 16 12
Activity due to sample alone 120 8
Table C3.2
(i) Copy and complete the table C3.2 on the activity of the sample alone. [1]
(ii) Explain what is meant by background radiation. [1]
(iii) Plot a graph of the values for activity due to the sample alone against the
time. [4]
(iv) Using your graph determine the half-life of the substance. [1]

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Centre Candidate
Candidate Name_________________________ Number Number

EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1

2021

Additional information:
Electronic calculator (non-programmable) and / or Mathematical tables
Graph papers
Soft clean eraser
Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

Time 2 hours Marks: 85

SECTION A [20 marks]

Answer all the questions on the answer grid provided in this question paper.
A1 The following dimensions of a metal sheet were measured by a welder using different
instruments

Which instruments were used to accurately measure the dimensions?

Length Thickness Width
A Metre rule Micrometre Metre rule
B Metre rule Vernier caliper Vernier caliper
C Micrometre Metre rule Micrometre
D Metre rule Engineers calipers Micrometre

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A2 The following is the diagram showing a simple pendulum.

What physical quantities can affect the period of the pendulum?

A The mass of the bob and the length of the pendulum.
B The length of the pendulum and acceleration due to gravity.
C Mass of the bob and acceleration due to gravity
D Acceleration due to gravity and the number of oscillations.

A3 A student weighed a small amount of sugar crystals and found the mass to be 0.568g.
After adding two small sugar crystals, the mass was found to be 0.571g. Assuming that
the sugar crystals were identical, what was the average mass of one crystal?
A 1.5 x 10-3g
B 1.5 x 103g
C 3.0 x 10-3g
D 3.0 x 103g

A4 The following graph shows how distance varies with time for a cyclist's ride that lasted for
250 seconds.

What is the cyclist's average speed for the whole journey?

A 1.0m/s
B 1.2m/s
C 1.5m/s
D 2.0m/s

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A5 The diagram shows a car going around a bend at a constant speed.

Which statement about the car is correct?

A There is no resultant force acting on the car
B The car is not accelerating.
C A force of constant size acts on the car towards the centre of the curve, O.
D A force of constant size acts on the car in the direction of motion.

A6 In a small hydroelectric power station, 20kg of water flows through a vertical height of
15m in one second. If the efficiency of the power station is 60% and taking 'g ' as 10N/kg,
what is the power output of the hydroelectric power station?
A 180W
B 1800W
C 3 000W
D 18 000W

A7 The following diagram shows 4 identical metal cans E, F, G, H whose outside surfaces
were painted as indicated. Equal volumes of water at a temperature of 80°C were placed
in the cans.

After 5 minutes in a cool room, which metal can would contain the coolest water?
A E
B F
C G
D H

A8 A crest of a water wave travels 0.4m in 5 seconds. If the distance between two successive
crests is 0.005m, what is the frequency of the wave?
A 0.2Hz
B 1.6Hz
C 8.0Hz
D 16.0Hz

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A9 An echo-sounder in an aeroplane receives an echo from the ground 20 seconds after it

was sent. If the speed of sound in air is 330m/s, how high is the plane above the ground?
A 16.5m
B 33m
C 660m
D 3 300m

A10 The following diagram shows the formation of image I from object 0 using a convex lens.
(Not drawn to scale)

What is the focal length of the lens?

A 15cm
B 23cm
C 45cm
D 53cm

A11 Where is the image in a long-sighted eye formed and how can the defect be corrected?
A Behind the retina and focussed by means of a concave lens.
B In front of the retina and focussed by means of a convex lens.
C Behind the retina and focussed by means of a convex lens.
D In front of the retina and focussed by means of a concave lens.

A12 The following diagram shows the pattern and direction of the magnetic field between
two magnetic poles J and K.

Which type of poles are J and K?

J K
A N-pole N-pole
B N-pole S-pole
C S-pole N-pole
D S-pole S-pole

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A13 Two spheres are mounted separately on insulating stands. If both spheres are positively
charged, which diagram shows a correct electric field pattern?

A14 The diagram shows a resistor connected to a cell of e.m.f 2V.

How much heat energy is produced in the resistor in 6 seconds?

A 0.4J
B 2.5J
C 4.8J
D 10J

A15 A 2kW stove, a 0.2kW television set and a 0.1kW lamp are all switched on at the same
time. What is the total cost of running these appliances for 4 hours at K2.00 per unit?
A K1.74
B K4.60
C K9.20
D K18.40

A16 A small coil is connected to a galvanometer as shown.

What happens to the pointer of the meter when the magnet is pushed into the coil? The
pointer ...

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A deflects to the left and then returns to zero.

B deflects to the right and then returns to zero.
C gives a continuous reading to the left.
D gives a continuous reading to the right.

A17 Which graph shows the voltage output V against time t for an a.c generator?

A18 The following diagram shows the appearance on the screen of the alternating voltage
applied to the input of an oscilloscope. The sensitivity is set to 3 volts per cm.

What is the maximum voltage?

A 1V
B 3V
C 4V
D 12V

A19 Radioactive iodine is used to treat tumours of the thyroid gland. It decays by emitting
beta particles and gamma radiation. The beta decay process is represented by the
following
equation:
131 𝐴 0
53𝐼 → 𝑍𝑋𝑒 + −1𝑒 + 𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
What is the nucleon number, A, and proton number, Z, for this nucleus of Xe?

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Nucleon Proton
number number
A 78 53
B 130 55
C 131 54
D 184 78

A20 A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 6 000 years. How much time passes before the rate
of emission from a sample of this isotope falls to 1/16 of the original value?
A 6 000 years
B 18 000 years
C 24 000 years
D 96 000 years

Section B [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question
paper.
B1 Figure B1.1 is a diagram showing the reading of the Vernier callipers.

(a) What is the reading shown on the Vernier callipers?

Vernier callipers reading: ………………………………[2]

(b) (i) Convert the reading in (a) above to metres.

Vernier callipers reading in metres: ………………...… [2]

(ii) Write the reading in (b)(i) in standard notation.

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(iii) How many significant figures does the Vernier callipers reading in metres
have?
………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………[1]
[Total: 6 marks]
B2 A man of mass 75kg on earth goes to the moon where the gravitational field strength is
1.6N/kg.
(a) What is the mass of the man on the moon?

Mass: ……………………. [1]

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(b) What is the weight of the man on the moon?

Weight: ………………………….[2]

(c) A light truck of mass 2 000kg accelerates from rest at a rate of 1.5m/s2.
Calculate the force required to accelerate the car at this rate.

Force: ……………………….. [2]

[Total: 5 marks]
B3 Figure B3.1 is a diagram showing a uniform meter rule freely pivoted at its centre. A
newton metre is hung 20cm from the pivot while a 4.0N weight is suspended 40cm from
the pivot.

The metre rule is in equilibrium.

(a) State the principle of moments for a body in equilibrium.
………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) Calculate the reading on the newton meter.

Reading …………………………………….[2]
(c) State with a reason whether the newton meter reading would increase or
decrease when the 4.0N weight is moved to a distance of 30cm away from the
pivot.
…………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………
…………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 5 marks]

B4 A small hard ball of mass 0.14kg is thrown vertically upwards and reaches a height of 12m
above the point from which it is thrown.
(a) Calculate the work done in lifting the stone to the height it attains.

Work done: ……………………………[2]

(b) What is the velocity of the ball at the maximum height?
Velocity: ……………………………… [1]

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(c) On a windy day the same stone is thrown upwards with the same energy, but fails
to reach the height reached earlier. Why does it happen like this?
……………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
[Total: 5 marks]
B5 Figure B5.1 shows transverse waves. Displacement (m).

Figure B5.1
(a) Find the number of waves in Figure B5.1
Waves: ……………………….. [1]
(b) What is the amplitude of the waves generated in the figure above?
Amplitude: ………………………..[1]

(c) Calculate the speed of the waves above if the number of waves in Figure B5.1 are
produced in 2 seconds.
Speed: …………………………. [2]
[Total: 4 marks]
B6 Figure B6.1 shows light in air striking the vertical side of a rectangular glass block at an
angle of incidence of 60°.

Figure B6.1
The refractive index of glass is 1.6.
(a) What is refractive index?
………………………………….……………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) (i) Calculate the angle of refraction, r.
Angle r: …………………………….[2]
(ii) What is the critical angle of the glass block?
Critical angle: …………………………[2]
[Total: 5 marks]
B7 (a) Explain what is meant by
(i) magnetic field,
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]

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(ii) electric field

…………………………………..………………………………………………………….……………… [1]
(b) Complete the diagram in Figure 87.1 (b) to show the pattern and direction of the
magnetic field lines in the space around the bar magnet.

Figure B7.1 (b)

(c) Figure B7.1 (c) shows a positively charged sphere S placed near to an initially
uncharged isolated conductor AB. Complete the diagram to show the charges
induced in the diagram.

Figure B7.1 (c)

B8 Figure B8.1 shows an electrical circuit containing two resistors.

Figure B8.1
(a) On Figure B8.1, draw on the circuit to show how a voltmeter will be used to
measure the potential difference across the 6Ὠ resistor. [1]
(b) When the switch S is closed, calculate the current through the ammeter, A.

Current: ………………… [2]

(c) What is the potential difference across the 6Q resistor?
P.d: ……………………….. [2]
[Total: 5 marks]
238
B9 Uranium 92𝑈 decays to form a nucleus of thorium by emission of an alpha particle.
Thorium has the symbol 234
90𝑇ℎ
(a) What is the meaning of nucleon number?
………………………………..………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

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238
(b) Write a decay equation to show how uranium 92𝑈 decays to thorium 234
90𝑇ℎ
after emitting an alpha particle. [2]

(c) Thorium, 234

90𝑇ℎ decays to an isotope of protactinium, Pa, by beta decay. Write
the decay equation to show this process. [2]
[Total: 5 marks]

SECTION C [20 marks]

Answer any two questions from this section in the separate Answer Booklet provided.
C1 Figure C1.1 shows a conveyor belt driven by an electric motor carrying suitcases into a
trailer of a truck.

Figure C1.1
(a) Give two differences between mass and weight. [2]
(b) If a suitcase of mass 20kg is lifted from the ground to the truck. Taking 'g' as
10N/kg , calculate the
(i) weight of the suitcase, [2]
(ii) gravitational potential energy of the suitcase at the top of the conveyor as
it enters the truck. [2]
(c) The suitcase takes 12 seconds to travel 9.0m along the conveyor belt. Calculate
the power of the motor. [2]
(d) The electric motor is powered by an input voltage of 230V and current of 1.5A.
Calculate the electrical energy input to the motor in 12 seconds. [2]
[Total: 10]

C2 The Figure C2.1 shows a square block of glass JKLM with a ray of light incident on side 3K
at an angle of incidence of 60°. The refractive index of the glass is 1.50.

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Figure C2.1
(a) Calculate the angle of refraction of the ray. [2]
(b) Calculate the critical angle for a ray of light in this glass. [2]
(c) Explain why the ray shown cannot emerge from KL but will emerge from side LM. [2]
(d) Diamond has a refractive index of 2.42. The speed of light in a vacuum (or in air) is
300 000km/s.
Calculate the
(i) speed of light in diamond, [2]
(ii) critical angle for diamond. [2]
[Total: 10 Marks]
C3 The atomic number of americium-241 is 95. Americium-241 decays by losing an alpha
particle.
(a) (i) Explain why smoke detectors containing americium -241 are not harmful
to people. [1]
(ii) Copy and complete the equation showing this decay by giving values for X
and Y. [2]
241 4 𝑋
95𝐴𝑚 → 2𝐻𝑒 + 𝑌𝑁𝑝 + energy
(b) Figure C3.1 shows how the activity of a sample of americium-241 changes over a
long period of time.
Time/years Activity/counts per minute
0 64
500 30
1 000 14
1 500 6
2 000 2
Figure C3.1
(i) Use these numbers to draw a graph of activity against time for
americium-241. [4]
(ii) Use your graph to find the half-life of americium-241. [1]
(c) Californium-241 is also radioactive and decays by losing an alpha particle.
It has a half-life of 4 minutes. Suggest why it would be unsuitable for use in a
smoke detector. [2]

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EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL OF ZAMBIA

Examination for General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

Science 5124/1
Paper 1

Wednesday 10 AUGUST 2022

Time: 2 hours Marks: 85

SECTION A [20 marks]

Answer all he questions on the answer grid provided in this question paper

A1 Which of the following is not an example of a basic unit?

A Ampere
B Metre
C Second
D Watt

A2 The following diagram shows a broken rule used to measure the length of an object.

What is the zero error and the actual length of the object?
Zero error Actual length
A +3.8cm 2.1cm
B -3.8cm 5.9cm
C +4.2cm 2.1cm
D -4.2cm 5.9cm

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A3 A person dropped an orange from a basket on his head 1.8m to the ground.
With what velocity does it strike the ground?
A 0.6m/s
B 1.8m/s
C 6.0m/s
D 18.0m/s

A4 The following graph shows now he speed or a car varies with time.

what was happening to the motion of the car between 10s and 20s? The acceleration of
the car was ...
A constant
B decreasing.
C increasing.
D zero.

A5 A uniform plank is pivoted at its mid-point. Two weights are added to the plank, one
weight each side of the pivot in the positions shown in the following diagram.

A vertical force is applied at end x to balance the plank.

What is the size and direction of this force?

Size (N) Direction

A 2.0 Downward
B 2.0 Upwards
C 4.0 Downward
D 4.0 Upwards

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A6 The following diagram shows a small pickup weighing s 000N approaching a hill. It
moves up the hill at a constant speed.

If the gravitational field strength is 10N/kg, calculate the work done in moving the
pickup up the hill.
A 5.0 x 104J
B 1.0 x 105J
C 5.0 x 105J
D 1.0 x 106J

A7 The following diagram shows a simple machine.

What type of simple machine is it?

A Gear
B Lever
C Pulley
D Wedge

A8 The following diagram shows boiling water and ice in a test tube.

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What is the aim of this experiment? To show that ...

A heat cannot travel downwards.
B ice cannot melt in boiling wate.
C steam is a good conductor of heat.
D water is a bad conductor of heat.

A9 Which of the following equations best describes Charles' Law of thermodynamics?

A VT = K

V
B =K
T

C PV=K

V
D =K
P

A10 The following diagrams show thermometers used in a school laboratory.

which thermometer has the greatest range and which thermometer has the greatest
sensitivity?
Greatest sensitivity Greatest range
A U V
B T V
C U W
D T W

A11 A wave of frequency 13 000Hz travels 1 300m in 2 seconds. what is the wavelength of
the wave?
A 0.05m
B 0.50m
C 5.00m
D 50.00m

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A12 Light travels from air into a glass block of refractive index 1.5 as shown in the following
diagram.

Calculate the angle of refraction in the glass block?

A 45o
B 42o
C 35o
D 25o

A13 A person standing 150m from the front of the cliff claps his hands once and hears an
echo after 0.9 seconds. Find the speed of sound in air.
A 166.7m/s
B 270.0m/s
C 300.0m/s
D 333.3m/s

A14 Which of the following does loudness of sound depend on?

A Amplitude
B Frequency
C Pitch
D Wavelength

A15 The following diagrams show a small compass close to a strong bar magnet.

Which diagram shows the correct compass direction?

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A16 A negatively charged rod is held close to, but not touching an insulated metal sphere as
Shown in the following diagram.

Which diagram shows the correct charge distribution on the sphere?

A17 Which of the following circuit diagrams shows all the three resistors in parallel?

A18 An ideal transformer has an input voltage of 12V and an output voltage of 240V. It has
2 000 turns in the primary coil. Find the number of turns in the secondary coil.
A 100
B 144
C 40 000
D 6760 000

A19 Which of the following radioactive emissions has the strongest ionising effect?
A X-ray
B Gamma
C Beta
D Alpha

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A20 Radium has a half-life of 1 600 years. Calculate the number of half-lives it will undergo
for 100g mass to reduce to 12.5g.
A 3
B 4
C B
D 13

Section B [45 marks]

Answer all questions in this section. Write your answers in the spaces provided in this question
paper.

B1 Figure 81.1 shows a simple pendulum suspended on a clamp Stand for determining the
periodic time.

(a) Want is meant by periodic time of a simple pendulum?

………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(b) State two factors that do not affect the period of a pendulum.
(i) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) This experiment is done on earth and repeated on the moon.
(i) Where would the periodic time be higher?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(ii) Justify your answer in (i).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
[Total: 5 marks]

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B2 Figure B2.1 shows an apparatus a learner used to measure the mass of an irregular
object. (Take g 10N/kg)

(a) What is the weight of the irregular solid?

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
(b) The learner measured the weight of an object on top of Mount Everest and also
down the same mountain using à spring balance.
(i) What was his observation about the two weights?
…………………………………………………………………………….……………………………… [1]
(ii) Give a reason for the learner's observation.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
[Total: 4 marks]

B3 Figure B3.1 shows the graph of a car that moved from a residential area into town.

Figure B3.1

(a) Describe the motion of the car from

(i) AB: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(ii) BC: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
(iii) CD: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]

(b) What was the acceleration when the car was moving with a constant
velocity?
………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………[1]
[Total: 4 marks]

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B4 Figure B4.1 shows a see-saw balanced with forces as indicated.

Figure B4.1
The 200N force is 2m from the pivot, the 150N force is y metres from the pivot and the
110N force is 2m from the pivot.
(a) state the principle of moment.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………. [1]
(b) Calculate the distance y.
[2]
(c) Find the force x acting upwards at the pivot.

[2]
[Total: 5 marks]

B5 An 8kg brick fell from a building under construction. The brick fell from a height of 80m.
(Take g 10N/kg)
(a) Calculate the potential energy:
(i) just before it started falling;
[2]
(ii) after falling half way down.
[2]
(b) Calculate the kinetic energy of the brick after falling for 3 seconds.
[3]
[Total: 7 marks]

B6 (a) What is boiling?

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) State two factors that affect the boiling point of a liquid.
(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(c) Explain two differences between boiling and evaporation.
(i) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
(ii) …………………………………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
[Total: 5 marks]

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B7 Figure B7.1 Shows the brightness of the electromagnetic radiation with different
wavelength.

Figure B7.1

(a) From the graph, determine the wavelength where the radiations brightest.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(b) If the wavelength of visible light rays are between 4.0 x 10-7 m and 7.0 x 10-7m,
what is the name of the radiation in (a) above?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
(c) (i) Calculate the frequency of the radiation in (a).
[Take speed of light as 3 x 108m/s]
[2]
(ii) State one use of the radiation in (a)
…………..…………………………………………………………………………………………...... [1]
[Total: 5 marks]
B8 Figure B8.1 shows bar magnets with different poles.

Figure B8.1
Identify the following poles:
(a) P ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(b) R ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(c) T ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
(d) Y ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
[Total: 4 marks]

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B9 Figure 89.1 shows a circuit consisting of a 12V battery with a combination of resistors
between points X, Y and Z.

Figure B9.1

(a) Calculate the effective resistance between Y and Z in the circuit.

[2]
(b) Find the current through the 20Ω resistor.

[2]
(c) Calculate the voltage acro5S the 20Ω resistor.

[2]
[Total: 6 marks]

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Section C [20 marks]

Answer any wo questions from this section in the separate Answer Booklet provided
C1 A learner carried out a Hooke's Law experiment using standard 50g masses and
obtained the following results as shown in Table C1.1.
Mass (g) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Load (N) 0.0
Length of loaded spring (cm) 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.5 20.5 21.0
Extension (cm) 0.0
Table C1.1

(a) Complete the Table C1.1 for the values of the load (N) and extension (cm). [2]
(b) Use the values obtained in (a) to plot a graph of extension (cm)
against load (N). [4]
(c) On your graph, show the elastic limit. [1]
(d) From the same graph, show the load (N) when the extension (cm) was 9.0cm. [2]
(e) State the condition under which Hooke's Law is obeyed. [1]
[Total: 10 marks]
C2 During an experiment, a learner used a liquid in glass thermometer to check on how
heat was affecting the temperature of water. Table C2.1 shows temperatures of water
at specified times.
Time/s Temperature/oC
0 21.5
60 27.0
120 32.0
180 37.0
240 42.5
300 47.5
360 53.0
Table C2.1
(a) What is temperature [1]
(b) (i) o
Plot a graph of temperature/ C against time/s. [4]
(ii) Use the graph to determine the temperature of water at 210 seconds. [2]
(c) (i) It was observed that at 75°C the temperature of water stopped rising
while supply of heat continued. Explain this observation. [1]
(ii) If the liquid used for the above experiment was pure water, state why it
boiled at 75oC. [1]
(iii) Suggest a liquid that would have been used in the liquid in a glass
thermometer tor the experiment. [1]
[Total: 10 marks]

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C3 Figure C3.1 below shows a decay curve for lodine-131 ( 131

53 I)

Figure C3.1

(a) (i) What was the original mass of the sample? [1]
(ii) What is the half-life of the sample? [1]
(iii) what quantity of the sample had remained after 24 days? [1]

(b) If the sample decayed by emitting gamma rays and an alpha particle to produce
a new element X, Write an equation for the decay, [2]

(c) Give two properties for each of:

(i) gamma rays; [2]
(ii) alpha particles. [2]

(d) Mention one use of gamma rays. [1]

[Total: 10 marks]

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ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 1 (PHYSICS PART) – 2016 G.C.E

1. D 6. C 11. B 16. C
2. A 7. A 12. A 17. D
3. C 8. A 13. B 18. C
4. B 9. D 14. C 19. D
5. X. 24.49m/s 10. X. 0.083Hz 15. A 20. C

ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 2 (PHYSICS) – 25 JULY 2016

ANSWERS FOR SECTION A [45 MARKS]
1 (a) Oscillating is the swinging of the bob
𝑡 0.20
(b) T=𝑛 = = 0.4s
0.5
1 1
(c) f = 𝑇 = 0.4 = 2.5Hz

2 (a) (i) electronic balance

(ii) mass = 200kgm
(b) Weight = mg = 200 x 10 = 2000N
3 (a) Moment is a turning effect of force about a certain point
(b) centre of mass; size of base area
(c) F1d1 = F2d2 » 3.15 x 0.1 = F2 x 0.3 » F2 = 1.05N.
4 (a) Gravitational potential energy
(b) X = ut + ½gt = (0x2) + (½ x 10 x 22) » X = 20m
(c) (i) K.E = ½mgh = ½ x 2 x 10 x 20 = 200J
(ii) V = u + gt = 0 + 10 (2) = 20m/s
5 (a) Convection / Radiation
(b) Metal plate B
(c) Metal A, because silvery surface is bad emitter of heat.
6 (a) Longitudinal waves
(b)
KEY
C – Compression
R – Rarefaction

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(C) the speed of sound will increase.

7 (a) A – Incident ray,
B – Refracted ray,
C – Emergent ray and
D – Reflected ray
(b) Angle between ray A and normal = i and angle between ray B and normal is r (mark
these angles)
sin 𝑖 sin 25 0.4226
(c) n = sin 𝑟 = = = 1.53
sin 16 0.2756

8 (i) Aluminium is a non – magnetic material so it cannot magnetized hence no

attraction of iron nails.
(ii) Iron – when the switch is ON, it will easily magnetize and more iron nails will be
attracted to it and when the switch is OFF, it will easily demagnetize and lose all
the iron nails.
(iii) Steel - when the switch is ON, it will hardly magnetize and small amount of iron
nails will be attracted to it and when the switch is OFF, it will hardly demagnetize
and lose some iron nails.
9 (a) A – Beta radiation
B – Gamma radiation
C – Alpha radiation
(b) It has no charge (neutral)

232 228 4
(b) 90𝑇ℎ −→ 88𝑅𝑛 + 2𝐻𝑒

ANSWERS FOR SECTION B [20 MARKS]

10 (a) Incline plane – it moves or lifts loads
Opener – opening lids on bottle tops
(b) (i) Because some energy will be lost in form of heat energy.
(ii) Because some energy will be lost in form of heat energy.

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(c)

𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 60
(d) (i) M.A = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 20 = 3
𝑀.𝐴 3
(ii) Efficiency = 𝑉.𝑅 X 100 = 4 X100 = 75%

11 (a) (1) Transverse waves have crest and troughs while Longitudinal waves have
compression and rarefaction.
(2) Transverse waves the vibration of particles are at right angle to the
direction of a wave while Longitudinal wave the vibration of particles are
parallel to the direction of a wave.
(b) Get a ripple tank and in the water place a vibrating bar which is connected to the
power pack. Down a ripple tank put a white paper and on top of a ripple tank put
a lamp. Then place a metal plate (barrier) in the ripple tank at an angle of 90 o to
the direction of the wave.
(c) (i) T = t ÷ n = 3 ÷ 2 = 1.5s
(ii) ʎ = f ÷ V = 0.2 ÷ 0.67 = 0.300 m

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12 (a) Electric charge is the product of current with time while electric current is the rate of
flow charge.
(b) (i)

𝑉 6
(ii) R = = 1.2 = 𝟒𝜴
𝐼

𝑅2+𝑅1 3+2
(c) (i) R = 𝑅2 𝑥 𝑅2 = = 2.4Ω
2𝑥3

𝑉 12
(ii) I=𝑅 = = 5A
2.4

ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 1 – 31 JULY 2017

ANSWERS FOR SECTION A [20 MARKS]
1. B 6. B 11. D 16. B
2. A 7. C 12. B 17. D
3. D 8. B 13. A 18. D
4. A 9. C 14. C 19. C
5. B 10. C 15. A 20. A

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ANSWERS FOR SECTION B [45 MARKS]

1 (a) M.R = 7.90 cm
V.R = 0.05 cm
F.R = 7.95 cm
(b) S.I units in words S.I units in symbols
(i) Metre per second m/s
(ii) Kelvin K
(iii) Metre per second squared m/s2
2 (a) Relative density has no unit while density has units.
(b) (i) V = lbh = 5 x5 6 = 150cm3
(ii) V = 5 x5 x2 = 50 cm3
(iv) 𝑚 80
q= = 50 = 1.6g/cm3
𝑉

3 (a) Simple machine is any device by means of which a force applied at one point can
be used to overcome a force at a different point.
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 480
(b) M.A = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 200 = 2.4

𝑀.𝐴 2.4
(c) Efficiency = 𝑉.𝑅 X 100 = X 100 = 80%
3

4 (a) Air molecules will be heated which will cause them to expand hence pushing the
piston upward.
(b) (i) Volume reduces which causes the increase of collision of gases hence high
pressure.
(ii) P1 x V1 = P2 x V2 » 360 x 60 = P2 x 20 » P2 = 1080 Pa

5 (a) N = X – ray
(b) it is used to microwave oven.
(c) They can pass through a vacuum.
(d) Cobalt (Co-60) covered with aluminium

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6 (i)

Size of the image = 1.6 cm tall

Position of the image = 3.40 cm from the optical centre

𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 1.6𝑐𝑚

(ii) 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 2.0𝑐𝑚 = 0.8x

7 (a) R – Neutral point

(b) Q – north pole, T – South pole
(c) They prevent the magnetic field lines from coming out of the magnet.
(d) 1 Iron is easy to magnetize while steel is hard to magnetize.
2 Iron is easy to demagnetize while steel is hard to demagnetize.

8 (a) Alpha particle is a radiation whose nature is like that of helium atom with a mass of 4
a.m.u and a charge of +2.
210 206 4
(b) 84𝑃𝑜 −→ 82𝑅𝑛 + 2𝐻𝑒

(c) Alpha – is used to detect smoke in industries.

𝑅2 𝑥 𝑅1 12 𝑋 6
9 (a) R= = = 4Ω
𝑅1+𝑅2 6+12
𝑉 12
(b) I =𝑅 = = 2A
6
𝑉 6
(c) I =𝑅 = = 1A
6

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ANSWERS FOR SECTION C [20 MARKS]

1 (a)

(b) V = ut + at » 9 = 0 + a (30) » a = 0.3m/s2

(c) F = ma 2000 x 0.3 = 600N

(d) X = l x b = 500 x 9 = 4500m

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 4635
(e) Average speed = = = 8.75m/s
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 530

2 (a)

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(b)

(c) Non – Ohmic because the graph has not obeyed ohm’s law. (the graph is not straight)
(d) (i) Potential difference = 26.5 V
𝑉 26.5
(ii) R = 𝐼 = 2.6 = 10.3846 = 10.19 Ω

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3 (a) A beta particle is a particle whose nature is like that of an electron with zero
mass and a charge of -1.
(b) Nucleon number = 223 and Proton number = 98
(c) (i)

𝐴 1 𝑛 40 1 𝑛 1 1 𝑛
(c) (ii) = (2) → = (2) → = (2) → 0.1 = 0.5n
𝐴0 400 10
−1.0
log 0.1 = log 0.5 x n ---> -1.0 = - 0.301n ---> 𝑛 = −0.301 = 3.32
𝑇
𝑛= → 𝑇 = 𝑛 × 𝑡 = 3.32 x 4 = 13.2890 = 13.29 Years
𝑡

(iii) Cobalt (Co-60) covered with aluminium

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ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 1, 2019 G.C.E

SECTION A [20 Marks]
1. C 6. B 11. D 16. D
2. C 7. A 12. D 17. D
3. A 8. C 13. A 18. A
4. C 9. B 14. C 19. B
5. B 10. B 15. A 20. C

SECTION B [45 Marks]

𝑥 40
B1 (a) (i) V= = = 4m/s
𝑡 10

(ii) v = u + at » 4 = 0 + a (10) » a = 0.4m/s2

(b) Time = 12 – 10 = 2s

B2 (a) (i) M = Fd = (3 x 10) x 0.2 = 6Nm

(ii) F1d1 = F2d2 + F3d3 » 30 x 0.2 = (F2 x 0.2) + (10 x0.5)
F2 = 5N
(b) Opening and closing a door
B3 (a) Elastic potential energy
(b) P.E = mgh = 0.2 x 10 x 1.5 = 3J
(c) Some energy are lost inform of heat and sound energy

B4 (a) Velocity Ratio (V.R) = 5

(b) First calculate for mechanical advantage (M.A)
𝑀.𝐴 𝑀.𝐴
Efficiency = 𝑉.𝑅 × 100 −→ 80 = × 100
5
100 𝑀.𝐴 100𝑀.𝐴 80 ×5
80 = −→ = −→ 𝑀. 𝐴 = 𝟒
5 100 100

Then calculate effort by using M.A which is equal to 4

𝐿𝑎𝑜𝑑 200 ×10 4 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 2000
𝑀. 𝐴 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 − −→ 4 = −→ =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 4 4

𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = 500N

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B5 (a) (i) Amplitude = 15m

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠 150 𝑐𝑚
(ii) Wavelength = 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒𝑑 = = 60 cm (b)
2.5

Frequency (f) = wavelength (ʎ) ÷ speed (V) = 3.0 ÷ 0.6 = 5 Hz

B6 (a) (i) Positive charge

(ii) Coulomb (C)
(b) A paper is induced by a charged Perspex disc and the paper rather polarized
therefore, the negative and positive charges move on a separate side and that side
where negative charges are, attracted to the rod because unlike terms attract.
(c) Name of charge: Negative charge
Explanation: because some electrons escape from fur and move to the polythene
hence it increases in the number of electrons therefore, it will be negatively charged
and the fur decreases in the number of electrons hence it will be positively charged.

B7 (a) Combined Resistance = R1 + R2 = 2 +3 = 5Ω

𝑅2 x 𝑅3 3x6
(b) Total resistance: R = + 𝑅1 = + 2 = 4Ω
𝑅3+𝑅2 6+3
12
(c) Potential difference: V = IR = 2.4 x 2 = 4.8 V (I = = 2.4𝐴)
5
𝑉 12
(d) Total current: I = 𝑅 = =3A
4

B8 (a) 1 – increase the number of turns on the coil.

2 – Increase the power supply to the coil.
(b) Because iron is strong and easily magnetize and it easily demagnetize.

B9 (a) Nuclear fission is the splitting of a nucleus of an atom due to neutron

bombardment to release a large amount of energy.
(b) (i) Original mass = 80 Kg
(ii) Quantity remained = 10 kg
(iii) Half – life = 2 days

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SECTION C [ 20 Marks]
C1 (a) (i)

(a) (ii) Thinking distance = 6.0 m

(b) (i) Thinking distance = Speed x Time = (32km/h) x (1÷3600) hrs
Thinking distance = 32 x 0.00028 = 0.00896km = 8.96m
(ii) It has increased his thinking distance

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C2 (a) (i) TITLE: Real depth against Apparent depth

(a) (ii) The gradient represents: Refractive index of Paraffin

𝑦 −𝑦 14−4 10
(iii) Gradient = 𝑥2−𝑥1 = 9.8−2.8 = = 1.43
2 1 7
𝑛𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 sin 𝑖 1.33 sin 𝑖 0.354906
(b) = sin 𝑟 → = sin 40 → sin 𝑖 = = 0.5896
𝑛𝑜𝑖𝑙 1.45 1.45
Angle of incidence = sin-1 (0.5896) = 36.13o

C3 (a) (i) Particle W: Beta particle

(ii) Neurons = 24
(iii) Sodium – 24 has 13 neutrons in its nucleus whereas
Sodium – 23 has 12 neutrons in its nucleus.
(b) (i) To know the amount of background radiation.
(ii) It has not become radioactive because the number of count rate is
high before the treatment than after the treatment. This means there
were more radiations in food sample before than after.
(iii) It is used in the treatment of cancer.
(iv) - Point the source of radiation away from the people.
- Wear gloves and use tongs when handling substances that emit
radiations.

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ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 1 – 2020 G.C.E

SECTION A [20 Marks]
1. C 6. B 11. D 16. B
2. D 7. C 12. A 17. D
3. C 8. B 13. C 18. B
4. B 9. B 14. D 19. A
5. C 10. No answer 15. C 20. B

SECTION B [45 Marks]

B1 (a) Mass = 75kg
(b) Weight = mass x gravity = 75kg x 1.6N/kg = 120N
(c) - S.I unit for mass is kilogram (kg) while S.I unit for weight is newton (N)
- Mass is the amount of matter contained in a object while weight is the pull of gravity
- Mass does not change (is same everywhere) while weight changes from place to place.
- Mass is measured using a beam balance while weight is measured using a spring
balance
- Mass is a scalar quantity while weight is a vector quantity.

𝑉−𝑢 0−500 −500

B2 (a) 𝑎= = = = −𝟐𝟓𝟎𝟎𝒎/𝒔𝟐 .
𝑡 0.2 0.2

Therefore, deceleration = 2500m/s2

50
(b) F = ma = 1000 × −2500 = -125N

B3 (a) Velocity ratio (V.R) = 2

𝑀.𝐴 𝑀.𝐴
(b) 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = × 100 → 75 = × 100 → 100 𝑀. 𝐴 = 75 × 2
𝑉.𝑅 2
100 𝑀.𝐴 75×2 150
= → 𝑀. 𝐴 = 100 → M.A = 1.5
100 100
𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 120𝑁
(c) 𝑀. 𝐴 = 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 → 𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 = = = 80N
𝑀.𝐴 1.5

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(d) First calculate the distance moved by effort

𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑡
𝑉. 𝑅 = → 2=
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 0.5

Distance moved by effort = 0.5 x 2 = 1m

Now calculate work done by effort
Work done by effort = force x distance = 80N x 1m = 80J
B4 (a) (i) Frequency = 10Hz (because frequency is number of waves per second).
(ii) V = fƛ → 30 = 10 x ʎ → 30 = 10ʎ → ʎ = 3m
(b) Loudness depends on amplitude of the sound wave.
B5 (a) ∠r = 90 – 65 = 25o
sin 1 sin 50 0.7660
(b) 𝑛 = sin 𝑟 = sin 25 = = 1.81
0.4226

(c) Medium B is denser than medium A

B6 (a)

(b) The image is real.

The image is inverted.
The image is the same size as the object.
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 1𝑐𝑚
(c) 𝑀𝑎𝑔𝑛𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 1𝑐𝑚 = 1
ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

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𝑉𝑠 ×𝑁𝑝 220𝑉 ×400

B7 (a) 𝑁𝑠 = = = 800 turns
𝑉𝑝 110𝑉

𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 1100𝑊

(b) (i) 𝐼𝑝 = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑦 = = 10A
110𝑉

𝑉𝑝 ×𝐼𝑝 110𝑉 ×10𝐴

(ii) 𝐼𝑠 = = = 5A
𝑉𝑠 220𝑉

𝑅 ×𝑅 6 ×6 36
B8 (a) 𝑅 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 = = 12 = 3.0 Ω
1 2 6+6

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 6
(b) 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 3 = 2A

(c) Power = Voltage x Current = 6 x 2 = 12W

B9 (a) Nucleon number = 131
𝑁 1 𝑛 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛 24
(b) = (2) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛 = = → 𝑛=𝟑
𝑁0 𝐻𝑎𝑙𝑓−𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒 8

𝑁 1 𝑛 𝑁 1 3 𝑁 1
= (2) −→ = (2) −→ =8
𝑁0 4 ×108 4 ×108

4 ×108
𝑁 × 8 = 1 × (4 × 108 ) −→ 8𝑁 = 4 × 108 → 𝑁 = 8

N = 5 x 107per second.

SECTION C [20 MARKS]

C1 (a) (i) Absolute zero temperature is the temperature at a substance has
lowest kinetic energy which is equal to -273K and at this temperature
molecular motion ceases.
(ii) Charles’ Law states that the volume of an ideal gas at constant pressure
is directly proportional to the absolute temperature.
(b) (i)
Temp (oC) 17 28 39 60 80 100
Volume (cm3) 7.5 7.9 8.1 8.7 9.1 9.6
Temp (K) 290 301 312 333 353 373

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(ii)

(iii) Volume of a gas when Temperature = 77oC (350K) = 9.1cm3

C2 (a) To absorb radiate heat and radiates it back to the water pipe.
(b) To prevent heat loss through conduction and radiation.
(c) Through conduction and convection
𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 1000𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 1000 ×2
(d) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = (𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎) = × (2𝑚2 ) = =2000W
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 1 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 1
2000
Power = 1000 = 2Kw
60
(e) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 100 × 2𝑘𝑊 = 1.2𝑘𝑊
3𝑘𝑊
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 = × (2.5𝑐𝑚2 ) = 5cm2
1.2

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C3 (a) Aluminium
(b)
Date Mass of original radioactive substance left (kg)
1 July 2008 8
1 July 2012 4
1 July 2020 1
(c) (i)
Time in years 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Recorded activities in counts/min 124 80 52 34 23 16 12
Activity due to sample alone 120 76 48 30 19 12 8
Table C3.2
(ii) Background radiation is a radiation from the surroundings.
TITLE: Activity due to sample alone against time

1.2+1.8 3
(iv) Half – life = = 2 = 1.5 years
2

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ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE PAPER 1 – 2021 G.C.E

SECTION A [20 MARKS]

1. X 6. B 11. C 16. A
2. X 7. A 12. C 17. D
3. A 8. D 13. C 18. D
4. B 9. D 14. C 19. C
5. C 10. B 15. D 20. C

SECTION B [45 MARKS]

B1 (a) Main reading: 5.30 cm
Vernier reading: 3 x 0.01 = 0.03 cm
Final reading: 5.30cm + 0.03 cm = 5.33cm

5.33
(b) (i) 5.33cm into metres = 100 = 0.0533m

(ii) 5.33 x 10-2m

(i) Three significant figures

B2 (a) Mass = 75kg

(b) Weight = mg = 75kg x 1.6N/kg = 120N
(c) Force = mass x acceleration = 2000kg x 1.5m/s2 = 3000N

B3 (a) For a body to be in equilibrium (balanced), the sum of

clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of
anticlockwise moments about the same point.
(b) F1 x d1 = F2 x d2
𝐹2 ×𝑑2 4.0 ×40
𝐹1 = = = 8N
𝑑1 20

(c) Newton metre reading will decrease because the acting of force two (F2) is
closer to the pivot.

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B4 (a) Work = mass x gravity x height

Work = 0.14 x 10 x 12 = 16.8J

(b) V = √2𝑔ℎ = √2 × 10 × 12 = √240 = 15.49m/s

(c) Because wind acts as air resistance and created friction force which reduced the
resultant force on the stone.

B5 (a) Number of waves (n) = 5 waves

(b) Amplitude = 5m
𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑑 6
(c) Speed = = 2 = 3m/s
𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

B6 (a) Refractive index is the ratio of the sine of the angle of

incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction.
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60𝑜
(b) (i) 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 −→ 1.6 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟

𝑜
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60𝑜
1.6 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60 −→ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 =
1.6
0.86603
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 = = 0.54126875
1.6

Angle r = sine-1 (0.54126875) = 32.77o

1 1
(ii) Critical angle = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (1.6) = 38.68o

B7 (a) (i) Magnetic field is the region around a magnet where

magnetic effect can be detected.
(ii) Electric field is the region of space where an electric charge experiences
a force due to other charges is.
(b)

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(c)

B8 (a)

𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 16
(b) 𝐶𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = = 2A
8

(c) Potential difference = Current x Resistance = 2 x 6 = 12V

B9 (a) Nucleon number is the sum total number of protons and

neutrons in an atom.

238 234 4
(b) 92𝑈 → 90𝑇ℎ + 2𝐻𝑒

234 𝐴 0
(c) 90𝑇ℎ → 𝑍𝑇ℎ + −1𝑒

A = 234 - 0 = 234

Z = 90 - (-1) = 90 + 1 = 91

234 234 0
90𝑇ℎ → 91𝑇ℎ + −1𝑒

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SECTION C [20 MARKS]

C1 (a) Mass its S.I unit is kilogram (kg) while weight its S.I unit is
Newton (N).
Mass is the quantity of matter in a substance while weight is the pull of gravity
on an object.
(b) (i) Weight = mg = 20 x 10 = 200N
(ii) P.E = mgh = 20 x 10 x 6 = 1200J
𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 20 ×10×9
(c) 𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = = = 150W
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 12

(d) E= Pt = VIt = 230V x 1.5A x 0.003.33 = 1.15Wh

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60𝑜

C2 (a) 𝑛 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 −→ 1.50 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟

𝑜
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60𝑜
1.50 × 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 60 −→ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 =
1.50
0.86603
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑟 = = 0.577350269
1.50

Angle r = sine-1 (0.577350269) = 35.26o

1 1
(b) Critical angle = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (1.50) = 41.81o

(c) Because the ray of light will pass from less dense medium to high denser
medium and the speed of light ray reduces hence the it bend.
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚
(d) (i) 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥
300 000𝑘𝑚/𝑠
= = 123966.9421km/s
2.42
1 1
(ii) Critical angle = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (𝑛) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑒 −1 (2.42) = 24.41o

C3 (a) (i) Because they have alpha radiation which cannot

penetrate the human body.
241 4
(ii) 95𝐴𝑚 → 2𝐻𝑒 + 𝑋𝑌𝑁𝑝 + 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦
Value of X = 241 – 4 = 237
Value of Y = 95 – 2 = 93
241
95𝐴𝑚 → 4
2𝐻𝑒 + 237
93𝑁𝑝 + 𝐸𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦

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(𝑏)(𝑖)

𝑡1+𝑡2+𝑡3 450+475+375
(ii) Half –life = = = 433.33years
3 3

(c) Because it has small half – life. It can be finished decaying within short period of
time of which large quantity is needed or replacement time to time.

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ANSWERS FOR SCIENCE P1 (PHYSICS) – 2022 G.C.E

SECTION A [20 MARKS]
1. D 6. A 11. A 16. D
2. A 7. B 12. C 17. D
3. C 8. D 13. D 18. C
4. D 9. B 14. A 19. D
5. B 10. D 15. D 20. A

SECTION B [45 MARKS]

B1 (a) Period is the time taken per one complete oscillation.
(b) (i) Mass (Weight) of a pendulum bob
(ii) Angular displacement.
(c) (i) On moon
(ii) Because period of the pendulum is inversely proportional to gravity i.e when
period increases gravity decreases and vice versa.

350
B2 (a) W = mg = 1000 × 10 = 3.5N

(b) (i) On top of the mountain, the weight was small than on the bottom of the mountain.
(ii) Because as you go up the gravity decrease which reduces the weight.

B3 (a) (i) AB: a car started from rest and accelerated to 6m/s in 2s.
(ii) BC: a car moved with a constant velocity of 6m/s for 4s.
(iii) CD: a car came to rest (reduced its velocity from 6m/s to 0m/s) in 2s.
(b) The acceleration was zero (0m/s2)

B4 (a) Principle of moment: It states that for a body to be in equilibrium (balanced), the sum
of clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments
about the same point.

(b) F1 d1 = F2 d2 + F3 d3 → 200 × 2 = (150 × 𝑦) + (110 × 2) → 400 = 150𝑦 + 220

400−220
𝑦= 150
=1.2m

(d) Taking moments about the pivot the reaction force x has no force (torque) because it’s
lever arm is zero

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B5 (a) (i) PE = mgh = 8 x 10 x 80 = 6 400J

(ii) PE = ½mgh = ½ x 8 x 10 x 80 = 3 200J

(b) Distance covered in 3seconds

1 1
𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 + 2 𝑔𝑡 2 = (0 × 3) + (2 × 10 × 32 ) = 45m

Now kinetic energy

K.E = P.E (energy conservation)
K.E = mgh = 8 x 10 x 45 = 3 600J

B6 (a) Boiling is the process by which a substance changes its state from liquid to gas.
(b) (i) presence of impurities in the substance
(ii) Pressure at which the process is taking place.
(c) (i) Evaporation occurs at any temperature while boiling occurs at the boiling point
(ii) Evaporation occurs on the surface of liquid while boiling occurs within liquid
(iii) Evaporation no bubbles appear while boiling bubbles appears.

B7 (a) Wavelength = 1.2 x 10-6m

(b) Ultra-violet radiation
𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 3×108
(c) (i) 𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 = 𝑤𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 1.2×10−6 = 2.5 x 1014Hz

(ii) It is used in sterilization

It stimulates the production of vitamin D in the skin.

B8 (a) P: South pole

(b) R: South pole
(c) N: North pole
(d) Y: North pole

𝑅 ×𝑅12 6 ×12
B9 (a) Effective Resistance = 𝑅6 = = 4Ω
12 +𝑅6 12+6
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 12
(b) Current = 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 4+2 = 2A

(c) Voltage = IR = 2 x 2 = 4V

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SECTION C [20 MARKS]

C1 (a)
Mass (g) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Load (N) 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
Length of loaded spring (cm) 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0 18.0 19.5 20.5 21.0
Extension (cm) 0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 9.5 10.5 11.0
(b)

(e) when the spring undergoes elastic deformation.

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C2 (a) Temperature is the average amount of kinetic energy possessed by particles in a substance.
(b) (i) and (ii)

(c) (i) Because the water was using heat energy to break the bonds that hold its
molecules together so that it can change its state from liquid to gas. Therefore,
boiling process was taking place.

(ii) Because the experiment was done on the surrounding whose pressure was
below atmospheric pressure which lows the boiling point of pure water.

(iii) Mercury.

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C3 (a) (i) Original mass = 200kg

10 + 6 + 4
(ii) Half-life = = 6.67days
3
(iii) Quantity remained = 15kg

131 0 4 127
(b) 53I −1e + 2He + 52X

(c) (i) It has strong penetrating power; it can pass through a paper or
aluminium but it cannot pass through lead.
It has a very weak ionizing effect.

(ii) It has weak penetrating power; it can be stopped by a paper.

It has a very strong ionizing effect.

(d) It is used to treat cancer

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